含被动的英语词汇

一. 动词中主动表被动的现象1. 系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste, sound, feel, look, smell, prove, remain等,例如: Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。He proves（to be）honest. 他被证明是诚实的。2. 某些实义动词如：sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等的主动形式后跟副词如：well, easily, perfectly 等连用，描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+副词。例如:The book sells well. 这书很畅销。These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。3. 某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版）, come up（出现）, come into being（产生） come to one’s mind（想起）, turn out（证明是）, come about（发生）, break out（爆发）, belong to（属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。Suddenly an idea came to his mind.It never occurred to me to phone you.4. 一些与can’t或won’t连用的动词，其主动形式表示被动意义。常用的有: lock, shut , open, act, weigh等。例如:The door won’t open. 这门打不开。It can’t move. 它不能动。5. need, want, require, bear, deserve等动词后用动名词的主动形式表被动意义。若动名词是不及物动词，其后应加相应介词。例如：The flowers need / want / require watering. 这些花需要浇水。The problem required paying special attention to. 这个问题需要特别注意。

(1)wash,write,sell,clean,watch,measure,seem,prove,appear,read,write,act,cut,draw,open.(2)系动词：feel(摸起来）,taste(尝起来）,look（看起来）,sound(听起来）,smell(闻起来）,become,get ,等等.以上是常用的.其实很多动词都可以用主动形式表示被动意义.有些动词既可以用主动形式,也可以用被动形式表达被动的意义.什么情况下用主动形式,什么情况下用被动形式呢?当我们要表示实际发生的动作时,用被动形式.如：The coat was washed by me.The book was sold yesterday.I've just measured the length of the wood.我刚刚量了这根木头的长度.当我们只表达某物的特点,而没有实际的动作时,用主动形式.如：The coat washes easily.这件衣服好洗.The books sell quickly.这些书卖得快.The wood measures 10 meters in length.这根木头10米长.

主动表被动的动词连系动词类； ①变化类: become get turn grow make come go fall ②感官类: look sound feel taste smell ③显得类: seem appear look ④状态类: keep stay remain lie sit stand (prove turn out) 使役、感官动词类 ；see look at watch notice observe let make have/get hear listen to feel 主动表被动；sell wash burn cook cut drive dress play last open write start run read act draw 只接动名词做宾语的词/词组:；consider、 suggest/advise 、look 、forward 、to 、excuse/pardon admit 、put off/delay/postpone fancy avoid miss keep/keep on practice 、deny finish enjoy/appreciate forbid imagine risk can’t help mind allow/permit escape ①“to”作介词get down to devote… to lead to be/get/become used to go back to object to ②带有介词in succeed(in) spend/waste time(in) be busy(in) have a good/hard time(in) have difficulty/trouble(in) ③give up dislike feel like insist on can’t stand understand ④“值得”be worth=deserve be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done blame记住一些动词应用中只能用主动表示被动。Need, want, require（要求，需要）, deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得），not bear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。 I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系）Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系）提示：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。备注：不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。