南京景点英文介绍

四个网址可供参考 Confucius Temple Confucius, China's legendary sage, has lost. The advocate of respect, restraint and order is now associated in Nanjingers' minds with one thing--shopping! Centered around the ancient Confucius Temple (Fuzi Miao), this neighborhood in southern Nanjing is the place to be on weekends and holidays. Clothing shops and restaurants dominate the main streets (closed to vehicular traffic) while street stalls in the alleyways sell stuffed animals, plants, CDs and even more clothes. The daily night market brings these stalls out onto Gongyuan Lu, the main drag between the Confucius Temple and Pingjiang Fu Lu, a lively scene even if most of the goods on sale are simple household items. Try the yuanxiao, jelly-filled dumplings whose round shape and sweet taste symbolize happiness and harmony. Tourists not interested in bringing a cactus and cheap hangers back home as reminders of their trip to Nanjing can load up on souvenirs at shops clustered closer to the Confucius Temple complex. In addition to the usual selection of jade goodies, teapots and paintings, vendors display yu hua shi, multicolored rocks special to Nanjing. Although some believe the colors come from Chinese blood spilled during the upheavals of Nanjing's tumultuous history that then seeped into the local rock, the more commonly accepted (and nicer) story goes that a Buddhist scholar who preached in the hills of southern Nanjing so moved the gods that they showered flowers down from the heavens in praise. Upon touching the ground, these heavenly flowers transformed into the multicolored pebbles. With all the garish consumerism on display outside, it's little wonder that the actual Confucius Temple is the quietest place in the neighborhood. The temple was first constructed in 1034 during the Song Dynasty to complement the Jiangnan Examination School (see below), where the imperial examinations were administered. Scholars came to the temple to pray for success and demonstrate their humble respect for Confucius. Burnt down and rebuilt several times, the current structure dates from after World War Two. Its traditional sweeping eaves give the architecture a Ming and Qing flavor. The temple's most outstanding feature is a beautiful collection of 36 jade panels detailing the Sage's life (551-479 BC)hanging on the walls of the main hall. Based on the famous set of Ming period paintings titled "Pictures of the Sage's Traces," each panel measures about two meters in height and one meter in width. These panels, however, are new, donated by a local company in 1998. Fuzi Miao is perhaps at its best around the time of the Lantern Festival (fifteen days after the Lunar New Year), when a special exhibit of multi-sized and multi-colored lanterns themed around the twelve animals of the lunar cycle lend a festive air to the temple.If you think that your long, cramped flight to China was some form of torture, a visit to the Exhibition of the History of the Jiangnan Examination School (Jiangnan Gongyuan), should set your mind at ease. Founded in 1168 (the Song Dynasty), the school was used to administer the rigorous civil service exams used to choose officials during China's imperial age. At the height of its prosperity, the complex contained 20,644 examination cells, each just one square meter in area. Candidates spent a total of nine days in their cell--the wooden desk plank turned into a bed at night--without the freedom to leave. Success was rare as only 200 of the 20,000 candidates passed. The modern exhibit contains forty examination cells plus a small museum that claims to be the only specialized museum in China dedicated to the imperial examination system. Unfortunately, all the explanations are in Chinese. The exhibit is a short walk east of the Confucius Temple at 1 Jinling Lu.

Confucius[kən’fu∫jəs 孔子] temple[templ寺庙 ] & the Qinhuai river scenic[si:nik风光 ] area[εə riə 地带]孔庙和秦淮河风光带1:The Confucius temple, located [lou’keitid位于]at the Qinhuai River scenic[si:nik风景的] area,孔庙位于秦淮河风光带2:is a well-known tourist[tu:rist旅游者 ] resort[ri’zэ:t常去度假的地方 ] of the ancient capital Nanjing .她是古都南京闻名的旅游度假地。3the river banks of Qinhuai are known for Confucius Temple秦淮河因孔庙而闻名。4and jointly[ d3эintli连带地] called the Confucius temple area.因此也叫夫子庙地区。5the Confucius temple is no doubt[ daut 怀疑] the most famous.孔庙无疑是最著名的6The temple is the place for people to pay worship[wə:∫ip 崇拜] to Confucius.庙是供人们崇拜孔子的地方7:The Confucius temple here in Nanjing was first built in 1034孔庙在南京第一次建于1034。8and rebuilt[ri:blt重建] in 1986重建于1986年9The temple we often mentioned[men∫ən提出] should include[inklu:d包括] three architectural [a:kitekt∫ərə建筑]complexes[kэmpleks群，综合体]:我们常提的孔庙应该包括三个建筑群：10the temple of Confucius with the hall of great achievements[ə’t∫i:vmənt大成] as the main [mein主要的]body,孔庙及主体建筑大成殿11the palace[pælis宫殿] of learning and the imperial[impiəriəl帝国] examination [igzæmi’nei∫ən考试]center.学宫和国家考试中心。12As early as in 337 A.D.[ei’di:公元],早在公元337年13but at that time there was only the palace[pælis宫殿] of learning without the Confucius temple.那时仅有学宫，没有孔庙。14The temple was built up and extended[ikstendid扩大] on the basis [beisis基础]of the palace of learning until 1034.直到1034年孔庙才在学宫的基础上建立和扩大起来15The Confucius temple complex[kэmpleks 复杂] covers [k∧və 包括]the pan[pæn畔] pool[pu:l池],screen[skri:n屏，照壁] wall,the gateway[geitwei通道] of all scholars[skэlə学生，有文化],孔庙综合包括：泮池、照壁、天下文枢坊、16juxing[聚星] pavilion[pə’viljən亭],Kuixing[魁星] pavilion, Lingxing[灵星 ] gate,聚星亭、魁星亭、棂星门。17the hall of great achievements[ə‘t∫i:vmənt 达成] and the gate etc[ =et cetera等等et’setərə ].大成殿和大成门等等。18As the confucius temple in qufu，Shandong province在山东省曲阜的孔庙19is built by the side of the pan river,是建在泮水之滨的20all the temples of Confucius in the country所有全国的孔庙21are built at the riverside都建在河边22and the water in front of Confucius temple is called pan pool.孔庙前面的水叫泮池。23And this has become a custom[k∧st∂m惯例] through[θru：在期间] long usage[ju：sidЗ惯用法]这形成了长期的惯例。24this confucirs temple makes the natural stream[stri：m流动] of the Qinhuai river as its pan pool,这里的夫子庙把秦淮河流动的水作为它的泮池25which is also called the pool of crescent[kresnt新月] moon “by the local[louk∂l当地] people.当地的人们把它叫着月牙池26Standing at the southern bank of the pan pool is the screen[skri：n屏] wall,泮池南边站立的是照壁27which is 110 meters long and 10 meters high.它110米长，10米高28it ranks[ræηk最高点] top among all the screen walls across[∂’krэ：s遍布各地] the county.它位于全国所有照壁之冠29The wall was built in 1575 and newly renovated [‘ren∂,veit重做]in 1984 .这个照壁建于1575年，近来重建于1984年30the function [f∧ηk∫n功能]of the wall照壁的功能31was to indicate[indikeit表明] that the confucirs’ learning was too profound[pr∂faund渊博] to be understood by common[kэm∂n普通] folks.[fouk民众]是表明孔子渊博的学问被普通百姓所接受32Another function was to cover up遮挡 the main building of the temple,另一功能是遮挡住寺庙的主体建筑33so as to以便 give people an impression .[impre∫∂n印象]of its grandeur[’græn dЗ∂辉煌] and magnificence[mæg’nifisns庄严]以便给人们一个它辉煌而庄严的印象34The gateway[geitwei入口处] of all scholars[skэl∂学者] was first built in 1586 in an imitation[imitei∫∂n仿制] of that in Qufu.天下文枢坊始建于1586年仿曲阜天下文枢坊，35The meaning of the structure[str∧k t∫∂] was to refer[rif∂：归于] to Confucius as the hub[h∧b中心] of all writings and ethics[eθiks道德] in ancient times.它结构的意思是所有文章和道德的中心都归于孔子。36lingxing gate is also called the gate of etiquette[eti’ket礼仪]棂星门又叫礼仪门37specially built for emperors[emp∂r∂皇帝] to offer[э：f∂提供] sacrifice[sækrifais祭祀] to Confucius .它是专为皇帝祭祀孔子而建的38the gate built in front of confucius temple它建于孔庙前39implies[implai暗指] the meaning of它的寓意是40“people of talent[tæl∂nt天才] coming forth[fэ：θ涌现] in large numbers[n∧mb∂大量]大量人才涌现41and stability[st∂‘biliti稳定] of the country.”国家稳定42Dacheng gate or the gate of great achievements[∂t∫ivm∂nt达成]大成门或集大成的门，43is also called halberd[hæb∂d戟] gate,又叫戟门44which is the front door of the Confucius temple.它是孔庙的前门45As Confucius epitomized[ipit∂maiz作为缩影] Chinese culture,作为中国文化的宿影的孔子46he was posthumously[pэstjum∂死后] granted[gra：ntid假定] the title[taitl称号] of super saint[seint圣徒] Confucius.他死后被授予至圣先师的称号47In the entrance[entr∂ns入口] hall[门厅] of the gate there are four old stone tablets [tæblit碑]:在大门的入口门厅有四块古石碑48The tablets of Confucius asking laozi of the ethical[eθiks道德] codes[koud经].[孔子问礼图碑]一是孔子请教老子道德经的图碑49It was made in 484 A.D. during the southern dynasty它是刻于南朝公元484年50recorded[rekэ：d记录] on the tablet is the personal[p∂s∂nl个人] experience[ikspi∂ri∂ns经验] of Confucius on his visit to Luoyang,碑上记录的是孔子去洛阳访问的经验51the capital of the eastern zhou dynasty in 518 B.C.在公元前518年东周王朝首都52where Confucius made investigations[investingei∫∂n研究] on the system of institutions[institju：∫∂n制度] of the zhou孔子研究了周王朝制度53and went in quest[kwest寻找] of the ways of how to prosper[prэsp∂繁荣] and stabilize[steibilaiz稳定] the country去寻找了如何繁荣和稳定国家的方法54and of how to consolidate[k∂nsэlideit联合] the power of slave[sleiv奴隶] owners[oun∂主人] in the lu state[steit国家].如何在鲁国联合奴隶主的力量55The tablet of jiqing Confucius temple.[集庆孔庙碑]56In 1308 when the yuan dynasty reigned[rein统治] over the country,1308年，元朝统治全国57emperor wuzong issued[i∫iu发布] an imperial[impi∂ri∂l帝国] edict[i：dikt布告]武宗皇帝发布了圣旨58”take education as the state administration[∂dministre∫∂n管理] of the empire[empai∂皇权]”以兴学作士为王政59In the next fall when the Confucius temple started to be rebuilt ,第二年孔庙开始被重建60lu zhi wrote an inscription[inskrip∫∂n碑文] for the tablet.卢挚为碑撰写了碑文61but the tablet was not made right away until 22 years later in 1330.当时没有勒石，直到22年后在1330年62In the xianfeng years of the qing dynasty,the Confucius temple was burnt down in a war清朝咸丰年，在战争中被毁，63and the tablet was missing[misiη失踪]此碑失踪。.64during the reconstruction[ri：k∂nstr∧kl∂n重建] of the Confucius temple in 1986, the tablet happened[偶然发生] to be unearthed[∧n’∂：θ发掘] from the underground[地下]1986年复建文庙时碑在地下被发现65The tablet of the four saints[封四圣碑]66In 1331 emperor wenzong of the yuan dynasty granted [gra：ntid加封]the four disciples[di’sai’pl门徒] of Confucius在1331年元朝文宗皇帝加封孔子的四个门徒67Yanhui, zengshen, kongji and mengke as 4 saints[] second to Confucius颜回、曾参、孔伋和孟轲为四亚圣68and they were carved [ka：v雕刻]on a stone tablet to inform [infэ：m告知]the whole country.以此刻在石碑上告知全国。67tablet of madam super saint Confucius.[封至圣夫人碑]68 In 1331 the wife of Confucius was posthumously awarded the title of Madam Super Saint(孔子之妻被加封为至圣夫人)1331年孔子之妻被加封为至圣夫人69and a stone tablet was made for her according to the imperial decree (以此旨勒石刻碑) and erected here side by side with the tablet of the four saints (与封四氏碑并列于夫子庙) .70Dacheng Hall or the Hall of Great Achievements (大成殿) is the main building of Confucian Temple大成殿是文庙的主体建筑，71and the very place to enshrine and worship Confucius (供奉和祭祀孔子的地方).72 The hall is a double-eaved and gable-roofed structure in ancient imitation (重檐歇山顶仿古建筑),73Displayed in the hall there is a huge portrait of Confucius (孔子巨幅画像),which is the largest one through out the country.Also put on show are the portraits of Yan Hui (颜回), Zeng Shen (曾参), Kong Ji (孔伋) (the grandson of Confucius) and Mengke (Mencius), the four disciples of Confucius as well as a number of ancient musical instruments.Hung on the inner walls of the hall there are 38 jade-and-jadeite-carved paintings inlaid with gold, jewelry and mother-of-pearl (罗钿) about the life story of Confucius (孔子生平事迹).In the temple courtyard (庙院) enclosed by roofed corridors, there is a large open-air terrace (露台), which used to be an altar for holding sacrificial ceremony and performance of songs and dance (曾是祭祀和歌舞的地方). on the terrace there stands a huge bronze statue of Confucius. the forehead of the statue appears a unique wisdom-and-foresight of the great thinker (眉宇间透露出伟大思想家特有的睿智), better making a deep impression on visitors.Juxing Pavilion At the west of the temple square there stands a hexagonal pavilion (the pavilion with its 6 eaves upturned) called “Juxing”. The name of Juxing means “assembly of stars” (群星汇聚) and “a galaxy of talent” (人才荟萃), because all the men of letters or well-educated people were regarded as stars over the sky in feudal China. Juxing pavilion was the place for intellectuals to converge on (聚集) and to learn from each other by exchanging their experience in study (切磋学习心得).Kuixing Pavilion (now called Kuiguang Pavilion) (魁光阁) at the east of Pan Pool lies the Kuixing Pavilion, which is also called the Pavilion of God of Literature (文星阁). The three-storied hexagonal tower was the place for provincial examination candidates (乡试士子们) to pay worship to Confucius before they sit for imperial examinations (应考前拜孔的地方). Later,the pavilion was turned into a teahouse (茶社) for candidates (考生) to meet friends with tea drinking.Kuixing is the star at the tip of the bowl of the Big Dipper (魁为北斗星之第一星), one of the 28 constellations over the sky (天上28个星宿之一). It was said to be God of literature dominating the fortune of culture and education (主宰文运之神) and ,Confucius was regarded as the God. In times of imperial examinations (在科举时代), the examination candidates often came to offer sacrifice to Confucius in the hope of successfully passing the imperial examinations and becoming a provincial graduate (以求中举).The Palace of Learning (学宫) The Palace of Learning is an architectural complex consisting of Mingde Hall or the Hall of Bright Virtue (明德堂), Zunjing Library (尊经阁), Qingyun Tower (青云楼) and Ancestral Temple for Worshiping the Parents of Confucius (崇圣祠) etc.. The Palace of Learning was an institution of higher learning (高等学府) of the prefecture in ancient times, usually built behind Confucian Temple.Mingde Hall or the Hall of Bright Virtue (明德堂) was the main hall (正堂) of Palace of Learning ,the place for putting up the list of successful candidates (张悬科第题名榜) in the years of the imperial examination system and was also an assembly auditorium (集会礼堂) for the students to attend lectures on Confucius teachings(圣教)and imperial edicts (上谕) given by assistant instructor(听训导师宣讲圣教和上谕) after their pilgrimage on the first and the 15th day (朔、望日) every lunar month.Zunjing Library (尊经阁) was a two-storied building with each having 5 rooms (上下两层各五楹). The upstairs was used to collect the Chinese traditional learning of the Ming Dynasty (明代国学),. The downstairs was the lecture hall (讲堂)，where assistant instructors (训导师) used to give students lectures.Qingyun Tower (青云楼) and Ancestral temple of Confucius Parents (崇圣祠)The Qingyun Tower is a memorial temple (祠宇或祠堂) for enshrining educational inspectors (督学) of the past dynasties (青云楼是供奉历代督学使的祠宇). The Ancestral Temple for Parents (崇圣祠) of Confucius was the place for students to offer sacrifices to Confucius parents. But someone also says it is the Saint-Admiring Temple specially for enshrining the deciples of Confucius (是祭祀孔门弟子的专祠).

Nanjing FactsNanjing is situated in the hilly areas of Nanjing and Zhenjiang in the lower reaches of Yangtze River,at 32:03N and 118:46E. It borders with the Yangtze River Delta to the east and the hilly areas of South Anhui to the west,adjacent to the water network of Taihu Lake in the south and the Jianghuai Plain in the north. With the "golden waterway" Yangtze River flowing through the city,it is 380km from the Yangtze River estuary to the sea,and about 300km to Shanghai,the largest city of China.Administration Zones Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province,now has under its jurisdiction eleven districts of Xuanwu,Baixia,Jianye,Gulou,Qinhuai,Xiaguan,Yuhuatai,Qixia,Jiangning,Luhe and Pukou and two counties of Lishui and Gaocun. The total area is 6598 square kilometers,including 4728 square kilometers as urban area,and its total population is 6.4 million.History Nanjing,an ancient capital of China,enjoys a worldwide reputation for its history and culture. Archaeological findings show that human ancestors lived in Nanjing area around 300,000 years ago,and primitive villages took shape 6000 years ago. These inhabitants were the original local people. From then on,people lived and multiplied in this area generation after generation.In 472 B. C.,under Goujian (King of State Yue)'s order,a city historically called "Yue City" was built on the site of Rain Flower Terrace. That is the earliest record of city construction in Nanjing area,and by now it has a history of 2,470 years. During the Three Kingdoms Period,Dongwu (Eastern Wu) moved its capital to Nanjing - called "Jianye" then,in 229 A. D.. Thereafter,dynasties like Dongjin (Eastern Jin),Song,Qi,Liang,Chen,Nantang (Southern Tang - in Five Dynasties Period),Ming,Taiping Heavenly capital Kingdom and Republic of China in turn,established their capital here. In the past 1,700 years,Nanjing has achieved its fame as "an ancient capital of ten dynasties". Dynasties waxed and waned,thus left rich legacy of ancient times. Abundant historic relics date back to many stirring stories and epic legends of the past.During Ming Dynasty,Nanjing got its present name for the first time. Over the long period of history,it had other names like Moling,Stone City,Jianye,Jiankang,Baixia,Shangyuan,Shenzhou,Jiangning,Jiqing,Yingtian and Tianjing. Its name might be different,yet the city itself kept being outstanding for its ancient history,brilliant culture,beautiful scenery and great achievements - therefore,it holds an important place in Chinese history.Confucius[k�0�5n’fu∫j�0�5s 孔子] temple[templ寺庙 ] & the Qinhuai river scenic[si:nik风光 ] area[ε�0�5 ri�0�5 地带] 孔庙和秦淮河风光带 1:The Confucius temple, located [lou’keitid位于]at the Qinhuai River scenic[si:nik风景的] area, 孔庙位于秦淮河风光带 2:is a well-known tourist[tu:rist旅游者 ] resort[ri’zэ:t常去度假的地方 ] of the ancient capital Nanjing . 她是古都南京闻名的旅游度假地。 3the river banks of Qinhuai are known for Confucius Temple 秦淮河因孔庙而闻名。 4and jointly[ d3эintli连带地] called the Confucius temple area. 因此也叫夫子庙地区。 5the Confucius temple is no doubt[ daut 怀疑] the most famous. 孔庙无疑是最著名的 6The temple is the place for people to pay worship[w�0�5:∫ip 崇拜] to Confucius. 庙是供人们崇拜孔子的地方 7:The Confucius temple here in Nanjing was first built in 1034 孔庙在南京第一次建于1034。 8and rebuilt[ri:blt重建] in 1986 重建于1986年 9The temple we often mentioned[men∫�0�5n提出] should include[inklu:d包括] three architectural [a:kitekt∫�0�5r�0�5建筑]complexes[kэmpleks群，综合体]: 我们常提的孔庙应该包括三个建筑群： 10the temple of Confucius with the hall of great achievements[�0�5’t∫i:vm�0�5nt大成] as the main [mein主要的]body, 孔庙及主体建筑大成殿 11the palace[p�0�3lis宫殿] of learning and the imperial[impi�0�5ri�0�5l帝国] examination [igz�0�3mi’nei∫�0�5n考试]center. 学宫和国家考试中心。