敦煌莫高窟英语

仁：孔子把“仁”作为最高的道德原则、道德标准和道德境界。他把整体的道德规范集于一体，形成了以“仁”为核心的伦理思想结构，它包括孝、弟（悌）、忠、恕、礼、知、勇、恭、宽、信、敏、惠等内容。其中孝悌是仁的基础，是仁学思想体系的基本支柱之一。孝悌：孝，指对父母还报的爱；悌，指兄弟姊妹的友爱。孔子非常重视孝悌，认为孝悌是做人、做学问的根本。《论语》“孝悌者也,其为人之本与”。 养气：《孟子》中说“善养吾浩然之气”。浩然之气包括“明道”和“积义”两个方面，即提高对道的领悟，以及道德修养。​礼乐：礼乐始自夏商，到周朝初期周公“制礼作乐”形成独有文化体系，后经孔子和孟子承前启后，聚合前人的精髓创建以礼乐仁义为核心的儒学文化系统，从而得以传承发展至今，是中国古代文明的重要组成部分。中华民族的“礼乐文化”，奠定了中国成为“礼乐之邦”，也被称之为“礼仪之邦”。传统的“礼乐文化”在今天还是能起到提升人类道德，使人们达到自我完善的作用。慎独：“慎独”：是一种修身境界。“慎”就是小心谨慎、随时戒备;“独”就是独处，独自行事。意思是说，严格控制自己的欲望，不靠别人监督，自觉控制自己的欲望。中庸：儒家把“中庸”看成最高的道德标准，也是他解决一切问题的最高智慧。中庸之道亦被称为中道或中和之道。中不偏，庸不易。是指人生不偏离，不变换自己的目标和主张。这就是一个持之以恒的成功之道。孔子有曰：“中庸之为德也，其至矣乎！民鲜久矣。” 中庸第二层意义：指中正、平和。人需要保持中正平和，如果失去中正、平和一定是喜、怒、哀、乐太过，治怒唯有乐，治过喜莫过礼，守礼的方法在于敬。第三层意义：中指好的意思，庸同用，即中用的意思。指做一个有用的人才，要在其位谋其职。正名：孔子最早提出。“名”就是名分，即你的社会角色。实际就是“君君臣臣父父子子”，每个人要知道自己所处的地位，在家庭，在社会，在单位，在集体，你是干什么就干好什么。孔子讲的正名和周礼相关。后代也把儒学称为名教。天命：在《论语》中，天命就是天对人事的主宰，但孔子所说的天不是人格化的天。天命不以人的意志为转移，所以孔子说，君子要畏天命。另一方面，孔子又主张积极主动，“知其不可而为之”。所以李泽厚说“尽人事而听天命”乃儒学义理。后来荀子说“制天命而用之”，和孔子主张相去颇远。​六经：孔子晚年整理的《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《乐》《春秋》，后人称之为“六经”。其中《乐经》已失传，所以通常称“五经”。四书：《论语》《孟子》《大学》《中庸》的合称。南宋著名理学家朱熹取《礼记》中的《中庸》《大学》两篇文章单独成书，与《论语》、《孟子》合为“四书”。宋元以后，《大学》《中庸》成为学校官定教科书和科举考试必读书，对古代汉族教育产生了极大的影响。十三经：儒家的十三部经书，即《易》、《书》、《诗》、《周礼》、《仪礼》、《礼记》、 《春秋左传》、《春秋公羊传》、《春秋谷梁传》、《论语》、《孝经》、《尔雅》、《孟子》。南宋形成十三部儒家经典并称的局面。君子：“君子”一语，广见于先秦典籍，泛指贵族男子，着重强调政治地位的崇高。而后孔子为“君子”一词赋予了道德的含义，自此，“君子”一词有了德性。《论语》中讲到了许多君子的品格。圣人：“圣人”指知行完备、至善之人，是有限世界中的无限存在。总的来说，“才德全尽谓之圣人”。孟子说：“圣人，人伦之至也”（《孟子·离娄上》）。这句话是说，圣人是社会中的道德完全的人。儒家认定的尧舜禹等圣人是受到诸子百家的公认。性善：出自《孟子》。孟子认为善是人的本性。“人性之善也。犹水之就下也。” 人有四种“本心”：同情心、羞耻心、恭敬心、是非心。仁义礼智的道德规范即由此产生。而人性变坏，是由于受外物的影响，不是本性的表现。荀子主张性恶论，与孟子针锋相对。民本：孟子提出的社会政治思想。意为从天下国家的立场来看，民是基础，是根本，民比君更加重要。是孟子仁政学说的核心。具有民本主义色彩，对中国后世的思想家有极大的影响。道统：儒家传道的脉络上接尧、舜、汤、文王、武王、周公、老子，到了孔子形成儒家学派，传至子思、孟子。独存心法不见心传。这符合韩愈之说，我们现在的儒家思想遗失了心传。复性：唐代李翱提出，成为圣人的一套学说；性是上天赐给每个人的，普通人若能消除情欲的蒙蔽，使性恢复原来的光明，就能成为圣人。这就是复性。理学：因理学家主要讨论的内容为义理、天命之学，故称为理学，又名为道学。理学是融合释、道二教部分教义与传统儒学的新思想体系。理学兴起于北宋代表人物有周敦颐、程颢、程颐、张载、邵雍，南宋朱熹集其大成。心学：儒学的一个学派。最早可推溯到孟子，而北宋程颢开其端，南宋陆九渊则大启其门径，而与朱熹的理学分庭抗礼。至明朝，由王阳明首度提出“心学”两字，并提出心学的宗旨在於“致良知”，至此心学开始有清晰而独立的学术脉络。致良知：中国明代王守仁的心学主旨。语出《孟子·尽心上》 ：“ 人之所不学而能者，其良能也，所不虑而知者，其良知也。”《大学》有“致知在格物”语。王守仁认为，“致知”就是致吾心内在的良知。这里所说的“良知”，既是道德意识，也指最高本体。他认为，良知人人具有，个个自足，是一种不假外力的内在力量。体用：体用是中国哲学的一对范畴，指本体和作用。一般认为，“体”是最根本的、内在的、本质的，“用”是“体”的外在表现、表象。一般说来，中国古代哲学中所谓“体”就是根本的，第一性的；所谓“用”就是从生的，第二性的。这是“体”与“用”的最简单最主要的意义。三不朽：我国伦理思想史上的一个命题。春秋时鲁国大夫叔孙豹称“立德”、“立功”、“立言”为“三不朽”。“立德”，即树立道德；“立功”，即为国为民建立功绩；“立言”，即提出具有真知灼见的言论。此三者是虽久不废，流芳百世的。忠恕之道：忠者，心无二心，意无二意之谓，恕者，了己了人，明始明终之意。忠诚；宽恕。中国儒家伦理范畴，处理人与人之间关系的原则。“忠”，尽力为人谋，中人之心，故为忠；“恕”，推己及人，如人之心，故为恕。最早将忠恕联系起来的是中国春秋时代的曾子。他在解释孔子“吾道一以贯之”时说：“夫子之道，忠恕而已矣。”忠恕成为儒家处理人际关系的基本原则之一。反求诸己：最初的意思是，遇到挫折时切莫责怪他人，而应先反过来从自己身上找出问题的症结，并努力加以改正。《孟子·离娄章句上》： 行有不得者，皆反求诸己，其身正而天下归之。后来王阳明将其一用到心学，反求诸己与致良知相类。君子不器：出自《论语》。作为君子，不能囿于一技之长，不能只求学到一两门或多门手艺，不能只求职业发财致富，而当“志于道”，从万象纷呈的世界里边，去悟到那个众人以下所不能把握的冥冥天道，从而以不变应万变。在孔子看来，只有悟道，特别是修到天道与本心为一，才有信仰，才有驾驭各种复杂事件的能力，才能担当修身、齐家、治国、平天下的重任。天人合一：“天人合一”的思想概念最早是由庄子阐述，后被董仲舒发展为天人合一的哲学思想体系，影响深远。这是中国人最基本的思维方式，具体表现在天与人的关系上。它认为人和天不是处在一种主体与对象之关系，而是处在一种部分与整体、扭曲与原貌或为学之初与最高境界的关系之中。格物致知：格物致知是中国古代儒家思想中的一个重要概念。源于《礼记?大学》八目——格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下——所论述的“欲诚其意者，先致其知；致知在格物。物格而后知至，知至而后意诚”。一般认为，格物致知就是“推究事物的原理法则而才在为理性知识而愁。”

百花齐放 all flowers are in bloom碧波荡漾 green, rippling (lake)碧水清山 a world of shimmering green hills and clear azure waters避暑胜地 summer resort苍松翠柏 luxuriant cypresses and pines层峦叠嶂 range upon range of hills/mountains姹紫嫣红 a blaze of bright colors崇山峻岭 towering and steep mountains船移景换 Each turn of the boat affords a different scenery雕梁画栋 carved beams and painted rafters洞天福地 scenery of exceptional charm飞流急湍 Waters rush down in whirlpools and rapids峰回路转 the paths running sinuously amidst the peaks古建筑群 ancient architectural古色古香 of antique beauty国家公园 national park宏伟挺拔 towering and magnificent湖光山色 beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains极目远眺 look as far as the eye can see江南水乡 the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River金碧辉煌 resplendent and magnificent尽收眼底 command a panoramic view of惊奇不已 be greatly surprised/astonished惊涛拍案 Raging/Tumultuous/Turbulent waves pound on the banks.琳琅满目 a superb collection of beautiful things鳞次栉比 placed closely side by side玲珑剔透 beautifully wrought流连忘返 linger on and forget to return旅游景点 tourist attraction; scenic spot; places of interest络绎不绝 an endless stream美不胜收 too many beautiful things to be appreciated at once名胜古迹 famous scenic spots and places of historical interest闻名遐尔 known far and wide墨客骚人 famous men of letters奇峰异石 picturesque peaks and rocks奇花异草 exotic flowers and herbs青山不断 Green hills roll on endlessly群山环抱 be surrounded by mountains/hills高山水急 Mountains are high and torrents are swift.山峦迭翠 range upon range of green hills拾级而上 ascend step by step世界旅游日 World Tourism Day世界文化遗产保护地 World Heritage Sites (WHS)天下奇观 wondrous spectacle亭台楼阁 elegant buildings for landscaping purposes蜿蜒曲折 winding and zigzagging万紫千红 a riot of colors巍然屹立 be towering and lofty蔚为壮观 present a splendid sight熙熙攘攘 hustle and bustle相映成趣 form delightful contrast心旷神怡 completely relaxed and happy雄伟险峻 grandly precipitous悬崖绝壁 sheer precipices and overhanging rocks绚丽多姿 gorgeous and colorful寻幽探胜 search for seclusion and beautiful scenery烟波浩渺 a wide expanse of misty waters一览无余 have a commanding view of一片苍茫的海天景色 a vast expanse of sea and sky依山傍水 nestling under a mountain and near a river鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey郁郁葱葱 luxuriant and green枝繁叶茂 luxuriant, sturdy and vigorous庄严肃穆 solemn and serene自然保护区 natural reserve; nature preservation zone自然景观 natural splendor/attraction旅游黄金周 golden week for tourism蜜月旅行 honeymoon trip婚假旅行 wedding vacation旅行结婚 wedding travel出境游 outbound tourism国内游 inbound tourism自助游 independent/do-it-yourself travel随团旅游 group travel标准/豪华游 normal/luxury tour经典线路 classic travel route黄金线路 hot travel route旅游定点饭店/旅馆 certified restaurant/hotel星级饭店 star-grade hotel强迫购物 forced purchase 中国最著名的旅游景点 Top Attractions in China兵马俑 Terra Cotta Warriors秦始皇陵墓 the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin 敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes/Caves, Dunhuang壁画 murals彩绘 painted sculptures鸣沙山 Singing Sands Mountain月牙泉 the Crescent Moon Lake 长江三峡 Three Gorges on the Yangtze River瞿塘峡 Qutang Gorge巫峡 Wu Gorge西陵峡 Xiling Gorge 广西桂林 Guilin, Guangxi独秀峰 Solitary Beauty Peak叠彩山 Folded Brocade Hill伏波山 Fubo Hill象鼻山 Elephant Trunk Hill七星山 Seven Star Hill骆驼山 Camel Hill漓江 Li River 杭州西湖 West Lake, Hangzhou“上有天堂，下有苏杭。”In heaven there is paradise, on earth Hangzhou and Suzhou.“欲把西湖比西子，浓妆淡抹总相宜。”I would like to compare West Lake to Xi Shi, the ancient beauty.Charming she looks whether richly made up or only slightly so.苏堤 Su Causeway白堤 Bai Causeway灵隐寺 Temple of the Soul’s Retreat飞来峰 Peak Flying from Afar六合塔 Pagoda of Six Harmonies虎跑泉 Tiger Spring 黄山 Mt. Huangshan“天下第一奇山” the most fantastic mountain under heaven“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳。”Having visited the five sacred mountains, I deem it unnecessary to look at any other.Upon my return from Mt. Huangshan, no longer do I find it worthwhile to look at the five sacred mountains.“三奇”：巧石、奇松、云海 the three wonderful features: picturesque rocks, legendary pines, and the sea of clouds“四绝”：巧石、奇松、云海、温泉 the four unique features: picturesque rocks, legendary pines, the sea of clouds and hot springs 紫禁城 The Forbidden City太和门 Gate of Supreme Harmony太和殿 Hall of Supreme Harmony中和殿 Hall of Central Harmony保和殿 Hall of Preserved Harmony文华殿 Hall of Literary Harmony武英殿 Hall of Martial Valor文渊阁 Pavilion of Literary Source四库全书 Complete Library of the Four Treasures of Knowledge南蕈殿 South Fragrance Hall西六宫 Six Western Palaces东六宫 Six Eastern Palaces乾清宫 Palace of Celestial Purity乾清门 Gate of Celestial Purity坤宁宫 Palace of Terrestrial Tranquility养心宫 Hall of Mental Cultivation奉先殿 Hall for Ancestry Worship宁寿宫 Palace of Tranquil Longevity乐寿堂 Hall of Joyful Longevity御花园 Imperial Garden 苏州园林 Suzhou Gardens拙政园 the Humble Administrator’s Garden留园 the Lingering Garden环秀山庄 the Mountain Villa with Embracing狮子林 the Lion Forest Garden网师园 the Master-of-Nets Garden沧浪亭 the Canglang Pavilion; the Surging Waves Pavilion中国部分世界自然和文化遗产名录 World Heritage Sites in China1987 长城 The Great Wall1987 泰山 Mount Tai1987 故宫 Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties1987 莫高窟 Mogao Caves1987 秦始皇陵 Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor1987 周口店北京人遗址 Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian1990 黄山 Mount Huangshan1992 九寨沟风景名胜区 Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area1992 黄龙风景名胜区 Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area1992 武陵源风景名胜区 Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area1994 承德避暑山庄及周围寺庙 Chengde Mountain Resort and Its Outlying Temples1994 曲阜孔府、孔庙、孔林 Temple and Cemetery of Confucius, and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu1994 武当山古建筑群 Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains1994 布达拉宫 Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace1996 庐山国家公园 Lushan National Park1996 峨眉山及乐山大佛 Mount Emei and Leshan Giant Buddha1997 丽江古城 Old Town of Lijiang1997 平遥古城 Ancient City of Pingyao1997 苏州古典园林 Classical Gardens of Suzhou1998 颐和园 The Summer Palace1998 天坛 Temple of Heaven1999 武夷山 Mount Wuyi1999 大足石刻 Dazu Rock Carvings2000 青城山-都江堰 Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System2000 皖南古村落—西递宏村 Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui: Xidi and Hongcun2000 龙门石窟 Longmen Grottoes2000 明清皇家陵寝 Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties2001 云冈石窟 Yungang Grottoes2003 云南三江并流Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas2004 高句丽王城、王陵及贵族墓葬 Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom2005 澳门历史城 The Historic Centre of Macao2006 四川大熊猫栖息地 China’s Giant Panda Habitat2006 安阳殷墟 Yin Xu

tourtourism

英语中有很多是从广东bai沿海一带du的地方方言音译过去的词，可能是zhi因为在英语国家的文化中没dao有这样的概念，比如人名/学派：孔子（Confucius）， 老子（Lao-tzu ），孟子（Mencius ），阴阳（Yin & Yang），道教（taoism）等水果：荔枝（Lichee）传统乐器：琵琶（pipa），二胡（Erhu）等地名：广东（Canton），香港（Hong Kong)，北京（Peking）还有其他的，豆腐（tofu），台风（Typhoon）暂时能想到的就这么多了。另外，英语中还有很多外来词来自法语和拉丁语哦

Mo Kao Grotto at Dunhuang lists in "world inheritance directory " time: Be the comprehensive arts broad and profound palace hall being composed of building , drawing , sculpture one place in December , 1987, be that in the world extant scale is the grandest , preserve the most intact Buddhism art treasure-house, be "an east art bright pearl " , be been to study 4 ~ 14 centuries Chinese ancient society has provided the precious data by the reputation.

敦煌莫高窟英语导游词 范文 1： Ladies and gentlemen! Welcome to the dunhuang mogao grottoes with a long history. I am your tour guide. You just call me Lao zhou. Four grottoes are: longmen grottoes, yungang grottoes, the maijishan grottoes, and the mogao grottoes of dunhuang. One of the biggest, but is the dunhuang mogao grottoes. Next, just follow me to go to dunhuang mogao grottoes and have a look! First I want to introduce you to: mogao grottoes thousand-buddha grottoes. He is known as the most valuable culture found in the 20th century, "east the Louvre is located in the west of dunhuang in corridor", is famous for beautiful murals and statues. Existing caves, 735, 405 square meters of murals, clay sculpture.our 2415 statue, is existing in the world's largest and most abundant content of buddhist shrine. All kinds of grottoes sizes. Thousand-buddha cliff carved with tens of thousands of small figure of Buddha, every small figure of Buddha, though more than an inch high, but the head and body are carving vivid, lifelike. Okay, on to the next attraction. You see, this thing is a nine layers cover, also called as "Peking University", 36 meters high, is the world's third big Buddha! The mogao grottoes is a treasure chest. Well, a visit to the end. Welcome next time! 敦煌莫高窟英语导游词范文2： Ladies and gentlemen: Everybody is good! I am the guide from the dunhuang mogao grottoes day trip, my name is Chen, you can call me Chen guide! Your eyes is the mogao grottoes, want to know what kind of mogao grottoes is? To listen to me slowly. The mogao grottoes, located in the southeast of dunhuang city, about 25 kilometers away from the city, 'spoilers wat to open in China east cliff. It is China's largest classical art treasure, it is a center of buddhist art. Number of tourists, cave 492, more than 2000 statues statue, 33 meters, the largest minimum only 10 centimeters. So, the most famous statue in the mogao grottoes. If the total area of 45000 square meters, the mural to arrange all the paintings, there are 30 kilometers long. If say the mogao grottoes of dunhuang is famous the world, so, make the mogao grottoes is famous for its first these murals, is traveling to visit. The mogao grottoes in 1987 UNESCO world cultural heritage, is the most key cultural relics protection. Okay, now I introduce to here, please walk. Can't throw the peel and other trash, graffito of the scribble on the murals, to protect cultural relics. Thank you very much! 敦煌莫高窟英语导游词范文3： Everybody is good! Welcome to the mogao grottoes of dunhuang. I'll give you a introduce myself: my name is Wang Yi, to you is my pleasure, I'm here to give you reminder, the treasure here do not touch, otherwise the consequence is proud. We now know each other, we will get to the point, talk about the mogao grottoes of dunhuang! Is the ancient silk road town of dunhuang. Dunhuang mogao grottoes treasured art treasures is the treasure of the Chinese and foreign exchange. People called the mogao grottoes in gansu a pearl. Dunhuang mural image lifelike, especially: "flying" pattern, you see, this is what I call the "flying". Also by the tang dynasty people hailed as "day float in the sky, full wall pneumatic", become the symbol of dunhuang murals. Dunhuang mogao grottoes is within the territory of mogao grottoes of dunhuang city, gansu province is the floorboard of the west thousand-buddha grottoes, is one of China's famous four big grottoes, also is the world's most ambitious scale of existing, the best-preserved buddhist art treasure house. Mogao grottoes mainly reflects in the aspect of mural, here is the mural to the mogao grottoes is famous for. Now everybody's understanding about it? I'm going to continue to speak! Everybody look at here! To go to the learning attitude. Foreign tourists to the evaluation of the mogao grottoes, is: "see the mogao grottoes in dunhuang, is equivalent to see the ancient civilizations in the world." "The mogao grottoes is the world's longest, largest and most abundant content gallery." "It is existing the greatest treasure of buddhist art in the world." "Human life must go to a place, mural painting and the art of figure of Buddha is really impressive." My explanation to this end, I wish you all a pleasant journey!敦煌莫高窟英语导游词相关 文章 ： 1. 敦煌莫高窟英文介绍 2. 敦煌莫高窟导游词 3. 甘肃敦煌.敦煌莫高窟导游词

1。元宵节：Lantern Festival2。刺绣：Embroidery3。重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4。清明节：Tomb sweeping day5。剪纸：Paper Cutting6。书 法： Calligraphy7。对联：（Spring Festival） Couplets8。象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9。雄黄酒：Realgar wine10。四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11。战国：Warring States12。风水 ：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13。昆曲 ：Kunqu Opera14。长 城 ：The Great Wall15。集体舞 ：Group Dance16。黄土高原 ：Loess Plateau17。红臼喜事：Weddings and Funerals18。中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19。花鼓戏：Flower Drum Song20。儒家文化：Confucian Culture21。中国结：Chinese knotting22。古装片：Costume Drama23。武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24。元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling （Soup）25。越剧：Yue Opera26。火锅：Hot Pot27。江南：South Regions of the Yangtze River28。《诗经》：The Book of Songs29。谜语：Riddle30。《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31。《红楼梦》：A Dream of Red Mansions32。《西游记》：The Journey to the West33。除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34。针灸 ：Acupuncture35。唐三彩 ：Tri-color Pottery of the TangDynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36。二人转 ： Errenzhuan37。偏旁 ：Radical38。孟子：Mencius39。亭 / 阁：Pavilion/ Attic40。黄梅戏 ：Huangmei opera41。火 药 ：Gunpowder42。农历 ：Lunar Calendar43。印 / 玺 ：Seal/Stamp44。腊 八 节 ：The laba Rice Porridge Festival45。京 剧 ：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46。秦腔 ：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47。太极拳 ：TaiChi48。《本草纲目》：Compendium of Materia Medica49。天坛 ：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50。小吃摊 ：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51。红双喜 ：Double Happiness52。文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）：“The Four Treasure of the Study” “Brush，Inkstick，Paper，and Inkstone”53。春卷 ：Spring Roll（s）54。莲藕 ：Lotus Root55。罗盘 ：Luopan56。故宫博物院 ：The Palace Museum57。相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58。五行 ：Five Phases59。北京烤鸭 ： Beijing Roast Duck60。《桃花扇》：The Peach Blossom Fan61。木偶戏：Puppet Show62。敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63。电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64。甲骨文：Oracle Bone Inions65。古筝：Chinese Zither66。二胡 ：Urheen67。门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68。《水浒》： Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh