英语中反复倒装

倒装句英语中的语序通常是“主语在前，谓语在后”，这称为自然语序。反之，谓语动词的一部分或全部放在主语的前面，这样的语序称为倒状语序。倒状又分为全部倒状和部分倒状两种。按照目的来分类，倒装句可分为两类：因语法结构引起的倒装句和部分引起的倒装句。1) 语法倒装句型(一) 疑问倒装Can you operate the new machine ?你能操作这台机器么？In what way are they different ?她们在哪些方面不同？(二) There be 句型的倒装There are many forms of energy . 能量有多种形式。There stands a stone bridge across the river .河上有座石桥。(三) 表示祝愿的倒装 May you succeed ! 祝你成功！(四) 以here, there, now, then, thus等副词为句首的句子倒装。谓语动词通常是be, come, go, exist, follow等不及物动词。 Here is the book you want .你要的书在这儿。There goes the bell.铃响了。 Now is the hour when they say goodbye.她们告别的时候到了。 Then follows the fashion show .然后是时装表演。(五) 表示否定或基本否定的词与词组放在句首的句子倒装。这样的词与词组主要有： never \ seldom \ scarcely \ hardly \ rarely \ little \ not \nowhere ; hardly … when \ no sooner … than … \ in no case \ in no way \ on no account \ at no time \not only … but also 等等。 Never has any country made so much progress in such a short time .从来没有任何一个国家在这么短的时间内取得这样大的进步。 Rarely did Tom leave his lab those days .那几天汤姆很少离开她的实验室。No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to work. . 她们一到工厂就开始工作起来了。(六) “Only +状语”放在句首的句子倒装Only by working hard can one succeed .只有努力才能成功。Only once have I seen him . 我只见过她一次面。Only when one falls ill does one know the value of health .只有生病的时候才知道健康的可贵。(七) 反复倒装。如果前面分句中所述的情况也适合后面的分句，后面的分句常用so （肯定句），nor , neither 或no more （否定句）开头引导倒装句。 They can leave now , so can we.她们现在可以离开，我们也能。 Our society has changed and so have the people in it . 社会变了，人也变了。 He didn’t see the film last night , neither did she .她昨晚没有看电影，她也没看。 Energy cannot be created ,and neither can it be destroyed .能量不能创造，也不能消灭。(八) 虚拟条件句中的倒装。虚拟语气中的条件从句省去if 时,were ,had 或should 须放在主语前面。 Were it not for your help ,I wouldn’t have got I have today .要是没有你的帮助，我就不会有今天。 Were there no air ,there would be no sound .没有空气就没有声音。 Had I left a little earlier ,I would have caught .我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。2) 强调倒装句因强调而引起的倒装句，一般是强调什么成分就将什么成分放在句首，使其句子倒装。（1） 状语放在句首 Down went the boat ! 船沉了！ Off is the train . 火车开走了。 Up went the rocket into the air . 火箭上了天。 Across the river lies a newly building steel bridge .新建的一座钢桥横跨这条河流。（2） 表语放在句首 Great are our achievements in science and technology .我们在科技上的成就是伟大的。 Of all metal construction are wing structures of modern high-speed airplanes.现代高速飞机的机翼是全金属结构的。（3） 宾语放在句首What man has done man can do .前人能做的，后人也能做。What he did I cannot imagine .我想象不出她做了什么。Whether these figures are accurate ,I don’t know .这些数字是否精确，我不知道。What will be the outcome ,no one can tell.后果会怎样，没有人知道。这些够用么

倒装句在中学英语教材中反复出现� 本文就中学生应掌握的有关倒装句的知识作了比较系统的归纳� 希望同学们能系统地掌握这方面的知识。 一般来说，倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的，有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。 一、全部倒装 1．以here， there， now， then开头的句子,谓语动词要放在句子的主语之前。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如： Here comes the train！ There goes the bell！ 注意：如果句子的主语是人称代词，则不能使用倒装结构。如： Here it comes！ ／ There it goes！ 2．有些动词短语以副词out，in，up，down，away等结尾，构成不及物动词短语。这时，为了使句子更形象，常将这些副词提前到句首。这时，句中的谓语动词要放在句子主语的前面，构成全部倒装。（注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。）如： Up went the rocket． Up it went． 3．为了强调表示地点的介词短语，常将这个介词短语放在句首，构成全部倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如： In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker． 4．表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如： Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat． 5．so／neither／nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so／neither／nor＋助动词／系动词／情态动词＋主语”（so表示肯定意义，neither／nor表示否定意义）。如： She has finished her homework，so has her brother． She hasn’t gone there， neither／nor has he． 但如果so表示强调， 即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时， 其结构是“so＋主语＋助动词／系动词／情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如： She knows little English，so she does． 她英语懂得不多。她的确如此。 二．部分倒装 1．用于疑问句中。如： How did you do that？ Did you see the film yesterday？ 2．用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中。如果我们将连词if省略，应把were， had， should提到主语前面。如： If you had come yesterday， you would have seen him． →Had you come yesterday， you would have seen him． 3．用于as引导的让步状语从句中。as引导的让步状语从句引起的倒装有以下几种形式： 1) 副词置于句首。如： Much as I like it (＝Although I like it very much), I will not buy it． 2) 动词原形置于句首。如� Wait as you may(＝Although you may wait), he will not see you． 3) 形容词或名词置于句首。如： Proud as the nobles are (＝Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me． Child as he is (＝Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong． 注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as 引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如： A bad-tempered man as he is (＝Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply． 4．具有否定意义的副词或连词(not，hardly，no sooner, not until, seldom，not once，at no time，never，little等) 置于句首时， 句子（主句）采用部分倒装。如： Little do we know about him． No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep． Seldom does he come back on Sundays． Not until he came back did I know about it． 5．only修饰句子的状语（从句）位于句首时，句子（主句）要用部分倒装。如： Only then did I realize the importance of English． Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions． 但如果only修饰的是句子的其它成分，则无需倒装。如： Only socialism can save China． (only修饰的是句子的主语，故仍用正常语序。) 6．not only…but also… 连接两个并列分句时，第一个分句应使用部分倒装。如： Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons． 7．so…that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so 连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。如： He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others． →So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others． He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book． →So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book． （全部倒装） 当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序（the natural order）。在某些情况下，我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面，这种词序叫做倒装（ the inverted order）。 倒装分两种：配合语法条例的倒装，叫“grammatical inversion”；配合强调语势的叫“emphatic inversion”。 语法上的倒装句是强制性的，包括下列 7 种： ⒈疑问句，如： ● Can you do it? ● How old are you? ● When did you know him? ● Why did you elect him as captain? ● Which of these apples do you prefer? 但疑问代词做主语时，不必倒置，如： ● Who is your English teacher? ● What happened last night? ⒉表示“愿望”的句子，如： ● May God bless you. ● Long live the king! ⒊“There”引导的句子，如： ● There are many cars on the road. ● There stand some big trees near the river. ● There is a security guard outside the bank. ⒋感叹句，如： ● How beautiful the flower is! ● What a smart boy you are! ⒌有连接词“so, neither, nor”的句子，如： ● Tom can ride a bicycle; so can I. ● She can't sing; neither can he. ● John has never been late; nor have I. ⒍省略连词“if”的条件副词分句，如： ● Were I you, I would not do such a thing. ● Should the machine break down again, send it back to us. ● Had you worked harder, you would have passed. ⒎“as, however”连接的让步副词分句，如： ● Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon. ● However busy you are, you should spend some time reading Zaobao weekly. 谈过了语法上的倒装句，现在谈强调的倒装句。 ● Never have I seen such a wicked man. ● On no account must this employee be removed. ● Not until he told me had I heard anything of it. ● No sooner had I left than the rain came. ● Up jumped the puppy. ● In came John. ● Down fell the rotten branches from the tree. ● Out came a woman and her maid.

1、“there b”结构

在这一结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。

There is a box on the table.

桌子上有个盒子。

2、疑问句

疑问句为倒装形式。

Is she singing in the classroom?

她是不是正在教室里唱歌?

3、here、there等副词开头的句子(部分)

在here、there等副词开头的某些句子中(要用一般现在时态)(前两个例句);如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。(完全倒装)(最后一个例句)

There goes the bell.

铃响了。

Here is an apple for you.

这个苹果给你。

There she comes.

她来了。

4、重复倒装句型

在以so、nor、neither开头，表示谓语所述的'情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”、“也这样”;nor、neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。

I am watching TV. So is she.

我在看电视，她也是。

My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.

我父母昨晚没有看电视，我也没看。

5、直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装(完全倒装)

"Very well," said the French student.

“很好”，那个法国学生说道。

"Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please."said he.

“请给我2个鸡蛋喝一杯茶”，他说。

6、否定副词开头的句子(部分倒装)

在以never、little、hardly、not

only、few、not、seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装;如果不放在句首就不要倒装。

Little did he say at the meeting.

在会上他没说话。

Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army. 我不会忘记我参军的那天。

比较：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.

7、以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子

Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to

work.

只有1918年战争结束，他才能开心地重归工作。

8、地点、方位副词在句首 (完全倒装)

为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如

up、down、out、away、in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。(完全倒装)

Away hurried the boy.

男孩匆忙走开了。

9、虚拟结构中

在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were、had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。

Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.

如果我有时间，我会去帮助你的。

10、as 引导的让步状语从句

as引导让步状语从句时要倒装(形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语)。

Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.

他们很傲慢，但是也害怕看到我。

11、祝愿的句子

用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。

May you succeed!

祝你成功!

12、So + 形容词、副词及such 置于句首时

So happy did he feel.

他感觉非常开心。