synecdoche英文

synecdoche 即提喻~~ 提喻大致归纳为四种情况：a.部分和全体互代；b.以材料代替事物；c.抽象和具体互代；d.以个体代替整个类。 1.Outside,(there is) a sea of faces.外面街上，是人的海洋。（以人体的局部代全体，即以faces 表示people） 2.Have you any coppers?你有钱吗？（以材料代事物，即以copper铜喻指coin money铜币） 3.They share the same roof.他们住在一起。（以部分代全体，即用roof屋顶，表示house屋子、住宅） synecdoche与metonymy的区别： 喻主要借助于密切的关系与联想，而提喻则是借助于部分相似。提喻通常是用局部来代替整体，间或也有整体来代替局部，局部与整体之间总有相似之处。 如：White House （美国总统） From the cradle to grave（从生到死） 是换喻 而It was a close contest. In the end, China won. （整体代替局部，用China代表中国队） Many hands make light work. (局部代替整体，用 hand表示干活的人) 是提喻

Metonymy 转喻A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of “ Washington” for “the United States government” or of “the sword” for “military power”. The kettle is boiling. (water in the kettle) He took to the bottle.他爱上了喝酒。 (wine in the bottle) I’m reading Lu Xun. ( Lu Xun’s works) He’s listening to Beethoven. (Beethoven’s works) He is booked out for the whole season.他这个季演出的票全订出去了 。 (the tickets for his concerts)When she entered high school, she would wear a wardrobe that no one else would be able to match.当她上中学时，她所穿的衣服任何一个人都没法比。They will resort to the sword if the negotiation does no work. She is the first violin in the band.她是乐队中的第一小提琴手。Synecdoche 提喻A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole, the whole for a part, the specific for the general, the general for the specific, or the material for the thing from which it is made. Young people should have more respect for gray hairs. He saw some new faces in the classroom. A fleet of ten sails \ To earn one’s bread \ To count heads Many hands provide great strength. The poor man had twelve mouths to feed. Lend me your ears. ( give me your attention.)Both are figures of speech used in rhetoric. They’re not the same thing, though metonymy is often interpreted so widely that synecdoche can be regarded as a special case of it.As for Synecdoche, You use this when you speak of a part of something but mean the whole thing. When Patrick O’Brian has Captain Jack Aubrey tell his first lieutenant（陆军中尉） to “let the hands go to dinner” he’s employing synecdoche, because he’s using a part (the hand) for the whole man. You can also reverse the whole and the part, so using a word for something when you only mean part of it. This often comes up in sport: a commentator might say that “The West Indies has lost to England” when he means that the West Indian team has lost to the English one. America is often used as synecdoche in this second sense, as the word refers to the whole continent but is frequently applied to a part of it, the USA.Metonymy is similar, but uses something more generally or loosely associated with a concept to stand in for it. When Americans speak of the Oval Office（美国总统办公室）, for example, they are really referring to the activity within it, the position or function of the President. It’s a linked term, and so a metonym. British writers refer similarly to the Crown（王冠）, when they’re really discussing the powers, authority and responsibilities of the monarchy（君主政体）, which is symbolized by the crown. The difference between synecdoche and metonymy is that in metonymy the word you employ is linked to the concept you are really talking about, but isn’t actually a part of it. Another example is the turf（草皮） for horse racing. But the distinction isn’t always obvious and often can’t be rigorously applied, and many people use metonymy to mean both.

metonym是借喻的意思。比如我们常说“袁大头”是那种硬币，其实硬币本不是“袁大头”，再比如有人把叫美国政府是“华盛顿”。就是说本体和喻体其实没什么相似的地方，不像把月亮比作玉盘那样有色彩和形状上的相仿，而是通过某种关系，某种习惯，而这样借指。synecdoche，有些时候被人们认为是metonym的分支，但是其实还是有差别的。synecdoche通常是用一部分指代一个整体，或者整体指代部分，总之就是有着从属关系。比如你看见那个人的眼睛是绿色的然后不知道他名字，也懒得知道，就说“碧眼儿”昨天和我去哪里哪里。或者最著名的，小红帽！帽子其实只是她的一个部分，我们用这个独特的部分指代她。