现代商务英文单词

经贸英语实用版a minimum living standard system 最低生活保障系统Account 帐户Accounting equation 会计等式Accounting system 会计系统All Risks 一切险American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Audit 审计bad account 坏帐Balance sheet 资产负债表bear market 熊市blank endorsed 空白背书Bookkeepking 簿记bull market 牛市Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本cargo receipt 承运货物收据Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测catalogue 商品目录Certificate in Internal Auditing内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant 注册会计师China Securities Regulatory Commission 中国证监会China's "Big Four" commercial banks中国四大商业银行close-ended fund 封闭式基金commission 佣金consignee 收货人Corporation 公司Cost accounting 成本会计cost and freightCFR 成本加运费价格cost insurance and freightCIF 成本加运保费Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权人cut a melon 分红dead account 呆帐Deflation 通货紧缩delivery 交货Disclosure 批露dividend，bonus stock 股息，红利downturn 低迷时期endorsed 背书enforce stockholding system 实行股份制Expenses 费用export department 出口部External users 外部使用者F.P.A.(Free from Particular Average) 平安险F.W.R.D.(Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险face value 面值fees－for－tax reFORM 费改税Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial activities 筹资活动Financial forecast 财务预测Financial statement 财务报表foreign exchange reservers 外汇储备futures market 期货市场Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则General-purpose inFORMation 通用目的信息genetically－modified products 基因改良产品Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Government Accounting Office govern会计办公室Hook Damage 钩损险import department 进口部Income statement 损益表income tax 所得税indicative price 参考价格Inflation 通货膨涨Inquiry 询盘Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Investing activities 投资活动knowledge-based economy 知识经济labour-intensive economy 劳动密集型经济Liabilities 负债（M0）money in circulation 流通中的现金（M1） narrow money 狭义货币（M2） broad money 广义货币Management accounting 管理会计marine bills of lading 海运提单national bonds 国债nationalize；nationalization 国有化Negative cash flow 负现金流量non-perFORMing loan 不良贷款non-work income 非劳动收入notify 被通知人open-ended fund 开放式基金Operating activities 经营活动order 订货outstanding of deposits 存款余额Owner's equity 所有者权益partial shipment 分批装运Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量press conference 记者招待会price list 价目表privatize；privatization 私有化proactive fiscal measures 积极的财政政策promote independent decision－making by state－owned enterprises 提高企业自主权public relations department公关部publicly owned economy 公有经济recession 衰退时期rectify the market order 整顿市场秩序reduce state's stake in listed companies 国有股减持restraint of trade 贸易管制Retained earning 留存利润Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资报酬Revenue 收入Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险sales terms and conditions销售条件Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会shareholding system; joint-stock system 股份制shipping order 托运单Shortage Risk 短缺险Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力specification 规格Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设state stock reduction 国有股减持Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表steady monetary policies 稳健的货币政策Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益streghten the government's macro - regulatory functions 加强govern宏观调控作用Strikes Risk 罢工险T.P.N.D.( Theft,Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Tax accounting 税务会计technology-intensive economy 技术密集型经济the Dow Jones industrial average 道琼斯工业平均指数the first majority shareholder 第一大股东the Hang Seng index 恒生指数thin trade 交易薄弱to become the majority shareholder/to take a controlling stake 控股to expand domestic demand 扩大内需value-added tax 增值税W.A./W.P.A(With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险Window dressing 门面粉饰year-on-year 与去年同期数字相比的 股息，红利 dividend or bonus stock国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP产值 output value鼓励 give incentive to投入 input宏观控制 exercise macro-control优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure输入活力 bring vigor into改善经济环境 improve economic environment整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation非公有成分 non-public sectors主要成分 dominant sector实在的 tangible全体会议 plenary session解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley举措 move实事求是 seek truth from facts引进、输入 importation和平演变 peaceful evolution试一下 have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质 quintessence家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system搞活企业 invigorate enterprises商品经济 commodity economy基石 cornerstone零售 retail发电量 electric energy production有色金属 nonferrous metals人均收入 per capita income使负担 be saddled with营业发达的公司 going concerns被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business善于接受的 receptive增额、增值、增长 increment发展过快 excessive growth抽样调查 data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)实际增长率 actual growth rate国际收支 international balance of payments流通制度 circulation system总工资 total wages分配形式 FORMs of distribution风险资金 risk funds管理不善 poor management一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points各尽所能，按劳/需分配。from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.经济结构改革。reFORM in economic structure剩余劳动力。surplus labor经营机制operative mechanism发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market经济和law的杠杆economic and legal leverages经济计划和市场调节相结合to combine economic planning with market regulation计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation取消国家对农产品的统购统销to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products改革重点转移到城市the focus of reFORM is shifted to the cities国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people;it is the leading force in the national economy.国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.农业 farming林业 forestry畜牧业 animal husbandry副业 sideline production渔业 fishing第一产业 primary industry第二产业 secondary industry第三产业 tertiary industry生产资料 means of production生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence生产关系 relations of production生产力 productive forces公有制 public ownership私有制 private ownership全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise合资企业 joint venture合作企业 cooperative enterprise独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise世界贸易组织 World Trade Organization中国人民银行 People's Bank of China信息产业部 Ministry of InFORMation Industry国家发展计划委员会 State Development Planning Commission贷款无力偿还 loan defaults一、对外贸易与外贸关系Foreign Trade & Foreign Trade Relationship（一） They mainly trade with Japanese firms.他们主要和日本商行进行贸易。For the past five years, we have done a lot of trade with your company.在过去的五年中，我们与贵国进行了大量的贸易。Our trade is conducted on the basis of equality.我们是在平等的基础上进行贸易。There has been a slowdown in the wool trade with you.和你们的羊毛贸易已有所减少。Our foreign trade is continuously expanding.我们的对外贸易不断发展。Trade in leather has gone up (down) 3%.皮革贸易上升（下降）了百分之三。Trade in general is improving.贸易情况正在好转。Our company mainly trades in arts and crafts.我们公司主要经营手工艺品。They are well-known in trade circles.他们在贸易界很有名望。We trade with people in all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我们在平等互利的基础上和各国人民进行贸易。To respect the local custom of the buying country is one important aspect of China's foreign policy.尊重买方国家的风俗习惯是我国贸易政策的一个重要方面。Our purpose is to explore the possibilities of developing trade with you.我们的目的是和你们探讨一下发展贸易的可能性。Words and Phrasesforeign trade 对外贸易overseas trade 海外贸易international trade 国际贸易to trade with 和...进行贸易to do business in a moderate way 做生意稳重to do business in a sincere way 做生意诚恳to make a deal 做一笔交易deal 交易，经营，处理，与...交往to deal in 经营，做生意to explore the possibilities of 探讨...的可能性trade circles 贸易界to handle 经营某商品to trade in 经营某商品business scope/frame 经营范围trading firm/house 贸易行，商行（二）Can we do a barter trade?咱们能不能做一笔易货贸易呢？Is it still a direct barter trade?这还算是一种直接的易货贸易吗？If you agree to our proposal of a barter trade, we'll give you paper in exchange for your timber.如果你方同意我们进行易货贸易的建议，我们将用纸与你们交换木材。Shall we sign a triangle trade agreement?我们订一个三角贸易协议好吗？A triangle trade can be carried out among the three of us.我们三方可进行三角贸易。Compensation trade is, in fact, a kind of loan.补偿贸易实际上是一种信贷。We may agree to do processing trade with you.我们同意与你们进行来料加工贸易。If you're interested in leasing trade, please let us know.如果你们有意做租赁贸易，请告诉我们。We wonder whether you do counter trade.我们不知道你们是否做抵偿贸易。Words and Phrasestrade by commodities 商品贸易visible trade 有形贸易invisible trade 无形贸易barter trade 易货贸易bilateral trade 双边贸易triangle trade 三角贸易multilateral trade 多边贸易counter trade 对销贸易；抵偿贸易counter purchase 互购贸易buy-back 回购贸易compensation trade 补偿贸易processing trade 来料加工贸易assembling trade 来料装配贸易leasing trade 租赁贸易in exchange for 用...交换...trade agreement 贸易协议（三）We want to develop direct contact with Continental buyers for ourselves.我们想为自己的公司同欧洲大陆的买主建立起直接的联系。We see that your firm specializes in Light Industrial Goods, and we are willing to establish business relationship with you.得知贵公司专门经营轻工业品，我们愿意与贵公司建立业务关系。We are one of the largest importers of Electric Goods in this city, and we wish to establish business relationship with you.我们是此地最大的电器进口商之一，愿意与你们建立业务关系。We are willing to enter into business relationship with your company on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我们愿在平等互利的基础上与贵公司建立业务关系。Our two countries have had trade relations for ten years.我们两国之间已经有了10年的贸易关系。We've never had any difficulties with our Chinese partners,and we'd like to make as many new contacts as we can.和中国同行共事从来没有什么困难，希望今后我们之间尽可能多地建立新的关系。We have made a very good start in our business with Japan.我们和日本在业务上有了良好的开端。Our company is thinking of expanding its business relationship with China.我公司想扩大与中国的贸易关系。As is known, we set great store by the trade relationship with the third world countries.众所周知，我们十分重视同第三世界国家的贸易关系。We look forward to reactivating our business relationship.我们盼望我们的业务关系重新活跃起来。We shall welcome a chance to renew our friendly relationship.很高兴能有机会来恢复我们的友好关系。We'll try our best to widen our business relationship with you.我们将尽力扩大同你们的贸易关系。We're writing you in order to establish business relationship.我们写此信是为了与你方建立业务关系。The arrangement will contribute to cement our pleasant relationship.此项安排将有助于巩固我们良好的关系。We're willing to restore our business relationship.我们希望能恢复贸易关系。It will be advantageous if steps are taken to resume our business relationship on the basis of mutual benefit.如果我们采取措施在互利的基础上恢复业务关系，对我们都是有利的。The depressed market results in the stagnation of trade.市场萧条导致贸易停滞。We have been doing quite well in our business, we are willing to open an account with you.我们的生意一直做得不错，希望能与你们建立帐户往来关系。Words and Phrasesbusiness association 业务联系，交往business connection 业务联系close relationship 密切的关系closer ties 更密切的关系to establish(enter into, set up)business relationship 建立业务关系to continue business relationship 继续业务关系to present business relationship 保持业务关系to improve business relationship 改善业务关系to promote business relationship 促进业务关系to speed up business relationship 加快业务关系的发展to enlarge (widen) business relationship 扩大业务关系to restore (resume) business relationship 恢复业务关系to interrupt business relationship 中断业务关系to cement business relationship 巩固业务关系（四）When could you introduce me to your sister company?什么时候把贵公司的兄弟公司介绍给我们？Would you please introduce us to some of the most reliable exporters of Chinese handicrafts?请向我们推荐一些最可靠的中国手工艺品出口商，可以吗？If you are interested in dealing, with us in other products of our company, please inform us of your requirements as well as your banker's name and address.如果你们有意经营我公司其他产品，请告知你方要求及往来银行的名称和地址。Because of the rapid development of our business in Asia, we think it's necessary to open a branch at the following address.鉴于我们在亚洲地区业务的迅速发展，有必要在下列地点设立分公司。We've often expressed our interest in investing in China.我们一直对在中国投资很感兴趣。Our abundant resources and stable policy provide foreigners with the advantages they invest here.我们丰富的资源和稳定的政策为外商投资提供了有利条件。Thank you for your manner of business cooperation.我们对你们的合作态度非常满意。We have been working on expanding our scope of cooperation with China.我们一直努力设法扩大与中国的合作范围。We believe in long-term cooperation with China because we view the future as bright.我们相信与中国长期合作的前途是光明的。Words and Phrasestrade prospects/outlook 贸易前景trade cooperation 贸易合作technological cooperation 技术合作business cooperation 业务合作cooperative relationship 合作关系the scope of cooperation 合作范围Additional Words and Phrasestrade fair 贸易展销会trade show 贸易展览trade agreement 贸易协议to establish arrangement 达成协议to reach an agreement 达成协议trade terms/clause 贸易条款trade balance 贸易平衡to conclude a business transaction 达成贸易交易to work with 与...共事business activities 经济活动business house 商行；商号trading department/mechanics 贸易机构trade association 贸易协会the foreign trade department 对外贸易部门C.C.P.I.T.( China Council for the Promotion of International Trade)中国国际贸易促进会Commercial Counselor's Office中国使馆的商务处Chamber of Commerce 商会trading partnership 经营合伙人foreign trade personnel 外贸工作者trading center 贸易中心trading market 贸易市场tradesman/trade peoples 商人，零售商

必背商务英语词汇

商务英语具有针对性，都是围绕着商务活动的，下面是我整理的商务英语必背词汇，欢迎大家阅读!

Gains from trade 贸易利得

自愿贸易所增加的福利总额。等于消费者剩余与生产者剩余之和。

Galloping inflation 急剧的通货膨胀

见通货膨胀(inflation)。

Game theory 博弈论

关于至少存在部分利益冲突的两个或多个决策者所处情况的分析。除用于罢工等讨价还价的情况，以及比赛和战争等冲突的情况之外，还可以用于寡头垄断市场互动的分析。

General-equilibrium analysis 一般均衡分析

经济整体均衡状态的分析，此时所有的商品和服务市场都同时处于均衡。相应的局部均衡分析(partial-equilibrium analysis)，仅研究单个市场的均衡。

GDP deflator GDP紧缩指数

GDP的"价格"。该价格指数用于衡量GDP各组成部分相对于基年的平均价格。

GDP gap GDP缺口

潜在GDP与实际GDP的差额或缺口。

GNP 国民生产总值

见国民生产总值(gross national product)

Gold standard 金本位制

指这样一种制度：一国(1)宣布其货币单位与一定重量的黄金等价;(2)持有黄金储备，并根据所宣布的价格自由买卖黄金;(3)对黄金的进出口不加任何限制。

Government debt 政府债务

以债券和短期借款形式存在的政府债务总额。除由准政府机构(如中央银行)持有的债券以外，政府债务一般由公众持有。

Government expenditure multiplier 政府支出增量

政府采购等支出每增加一美元所引起的GDP的增量。

Graduated income tax 累进所得税

见个人所得税(income tax，personal)。

Gresham`s Law 格雷欣法则

由托马斯•格雷欣爵士(Sir Thomas Gresham，英国伊莉莎白女王一世的顾问)首次提出，他在1558年发表的"劣币驱逐良币"这一见解认为：当公众对货币供给的某一部分怀有疑虑时，他们会将"良币"(good money)窖藏起来，并试图将"劣币"(bad money)转让给他人。

Gross domestic product, nominal(or nominal GDP)名义国内生产总值(或名义GDP)

按当前市场价格计算的一国一年内所生产的全部最终产出的价值。

Gross domestic product, real 实际国内生产总值(实际GDP)

考虑通货膨胀因素并加以扣除的GDP，也即，实际GDP一名义GDP除以GDP紧缩指数。

Gross national product, nominal 名义国民生产总值(或名义GNP)

根据当前市场价格计算的一国利用其要素所生产的全部最终产品和服务的价值。

Gross national product, real 实际国民生产总值(实际GNP)

考虑到通货膨胀因素并加以扣除的GNP，也即，实际GNP一名义GNP除以GNP紧缩指数。

Growth accounting 增长核算

估计不同要素对经济增长的贡献程度的分析技术。借助边际生产率理论，增长核算将产出增长的源泉分解为劳动、土地、资本、教育、技术知识和其他多种因素。

Hedging 套期保值

借助对冲交易回避风险的投资技术。例如，若某农场所种的小麦在秋季收获，则农场主可以在春季或夏季先行出售与产出等量的小麦，从而抵消价格波动的风险。或曰，实现套期保值。

High-powered money 高能货币

见基础货币(monetary base)。

Horizontal equity VS. vertical equity 横向平等与纵向平等

横向平等指的是：对境况类似的人给予平等或公平的待遇，强调的是基本情况相同的人应得到相同的待遇。纵向平等指的是：对境况不同的人应给予平等的待遇。

Final goods 最终产品

旨在最终使用而非转卖或进一步加工的商品。(参见"中间产品"，intermediate goods)

Financial economics 金融经济学

经济学的一个分支。分析理性投资者如何通过最有效的方式使用资金和进行投资以期达到目标。

Financial intermediary 金融中介

接受储蓄存款并将其出借给借款者的机构。包括存款机构(如商业银行和储蓄银行)和非存款机构(如货币市场共同基金、经纪人商行、保险公司或养老基金)。

Firm(business firm)厂商

(企业)经济体系中基本的私人生产单位。它雇用劳动，购买其他投入品，以制造和销售商品。

Fiscal-monetary mix 财政-货币政策组合

用以干预宏观经济活动的财政政策和货币政策的组合。紧缩的货币政策和宽松的财政政策，倾向于鼓励消费和抑制投资。而宽松的货币政策和紧缩的财政政策，则具有相反的功效。

Fiscal policy 财政政策

一种政府计划。内容包括：(1)商品和服务的购买及转移支付等支出;(2)税收的数量和种类。

Fiscal cost 固定成本

见固定成本(cost，fixed)。

Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率

见外汇汇率(foreign exchange rate)。

Flexible exchange rates 弹性汇率制

一种国际汇率制度。在该制度条件下，汇率主要由市场力量(即供给和需求)决定，政府不设定及维持某种特定的汇率。有时也称作"浮动汇率制"(floating exchange rates)。当政府对外汇市场不加干预时，该制度称为纯粹的浮动汇率制。

Floating exchange rates 浮动汇率制

见弹性汇率制(flexible exchange rates)。

Flow VS. stock 流量与存量

流量是指，带有时间跨度或曰在一个时段上所累积变动的.量(好比通过一个河段的水流)。存量则指，在某一个时点上某一变量的量值(如同湖中所盛的水)。收人代表每一年的美元流入数，因此是一个流量。而到1998年12月为止某人的财富则是一个存量。

Foreign exchange 外汇

各国用以偿付对他国所欠债务的通货(或其他金融票据)。

Foreign exchange market 外汇市场

不同国家的通货进行交易的市场。

Foreign exchange rate 外汇汇率

一国通货与他国通货的交换比率或曰价格。例如，如果你可以用1美元购买19德国马克，那么马克的汇率就是19。如果一国通货钉住某一汇率水平，并准备随时捍卫这一汇率，则称该国实行的是固定汇率制(fixed exchange rate)。而由市场供求力量来决定的汇率称为弹性汇率制(flexible exchange rates)。

Four firm concentration rate 四企业集中度

见集中度(concentration ratio)。

Fractional-reserve banking 部分准备金

银行制度现代银行体系的一种管制形式。依法要求有关金融机构将其所吸收的存款的一定比例，以中央银行存款(或库存现金)的形式留作准备金。

Free goods 免费品

不属于经济品(economic goods)的物品。如空气或海水，它们大量存在于全世界，无需在需求者中间进行配给。因此，这些物品的市场价格为零。

Free trade 自由贸易

政府不采用关税、配额或其他形式来干预国际贸易的政策。

Frictional unemployment 磨擦性失业

由个别市场变化所引起的暂时性失业。例如，无经验的工人需要花费时间比较和选择不同的工作机会;甚至有经验的工人往往也需花费少量时间进行工作转换。磨擦性失业有别于周期性失业(cyclical unemployment)，后者是在工资和价格呈粘性的条件下，由于总需求水平的低下而造成的。

Full employment 充分就业

一个有多重含义的术语。历史上曾被用于描述不存在(或仅存在最少量)非自愿失业情况下的就业水平。今天，经济学家用最低可持续失业率[lowest sustainable rate of unemployment(LSUR)]概念来描述可以长期持续的最高的就业水平。

商业合同常用英语词汇

导语：随着现代商务活动的日益频繁，社会对商务合同的需要也越来越迫切。下面是我收集整理的.有关商业合同的英语词汇，欢迎参考!

affiliation 附属

annual wage increase 年薪调升

call for 要求

collective bargaining 集体交涉

contract 合同

convention 大会

cooperation 合作

coordination 协调

employee 雇员

employer 雇工

labor 劳工

labor accident 劳工事故

labor contract 用工合同

management 经营者

labor-management struggle 劳资斗争

penal regulation 惩罚规则

proposal 提议

protest 抗议

reach an agreement 达成协议

stage a strike 发起罢工

terms of contract 合同条款

wage 实施

the Japanese Trade Union Confederation 日本劳工团体联盟

the right to strike 罢工权

the right to work 工作权

wage dispute 薪金争议

working hours 工作时间

business多指商业， 看语境