奥运会的起源英文

Accordingtolegend,theancientOlympicGameswerefoundedbyHeracles(theRomanHercules),asonofZeus.YetthefirstOlympicGamesforwhichwestillhavewrittenrecordswereheldin776BCE(thoughitisgenerallybelievedthattheGameshadbeengoingonformanyyearsalready).AtthisOlympicGames,anakedrunner,Coroebus,wonthesoleeventattheOlympics,thestade-arunofapproximately192meters(210yards).ThismadeCoroebustheveryfirstOlympicchampioninhistory.TheancientOlympicGamesgrewandcontinuedtobeplayedeveryfouryearsfornearly1200years.AtancientOlympicGames,womenwerenotallowedtocompete,eventobethespectators.Therewerefewerevents,andonlyfreemenwhospokeGreekcouldcompete,insteadofathletesfromanycountry.Also,thegameswerealwaysheldatOlympiainsteadofmovingaroundtodifferentsiteseverytime.

The Olympics of Ancient GreeceAlthough records cannot verify games earlier than 776 B.C., the contests in Homer's Iliad indicate a much earlier competitive tradition. Held in honor of Zeus in the city of Olympia for four days every fourth summer, the Olympic games were the oldest and most prestigious of four great ancient Greek athletic festivals, which also included the Pythian games at Delphi, the Isthmian at Corinth, and the Nemean at Argos (the Panathenaea at Athens was also important). The Olympics reached their height in the 5th–4th cent. B.C.; thereafter they became more and more professionalized until, in the Roman period, they provoked much censure. They were eventually discontinued by Emperor Theodosius I of Rome, who condemned them as a pagan spectacle, at the end of the 4th cent. A.D.Among the Greeks, the games were nationalistic in spirit; states were said to have been prouder of Olympic victories than of battles won. Women, foreigners, slaves, and dishonored persons were forbidden to compete. Contestants were required to train faithfully for 10 months before the games, had to remain 30 days under the eyes of officials in Elis, who had charge of the games, and had to take an oath that they had fulfilled the training requirements before participating. At first, the Olympic games were confined to running, but over time new events were added: the long run (720 B.C.), when the loincloth was abandoned and athletes began competing naked; the pentathlon, which combined running, the long jump, wrestling, and discus and spear throwing (708 B.C.); boxing (688 B.C.); chariot racing (680 B.C.); the pankration (648 B.C.), involving boxing and wrestling contests for boys (632 B.C.); and the foot race with armor (580 B.C.).Greek women, forbidden not only to participate in but also to watch the Olympic games, held games of their own, called the Heraea. Those were also held every four years but had fewer events than the Olympics. Known to have been conducted as early as the 6th cent. B.C., the Heraea games were discontinued about the time the Romans conquered Greece. Winning was of prime importance in both male and female festivals. The winners of the Olympics (and of the Heraea) were crowned with chaplets of wild olive, and in their home city-states male champions were also awarded numerous honors, valuable gifts, and privileges.The Modern OlympicsThe modern revival of the Olympic games is due in a large measure to the efforts of Pierre, baron de Coubertin, of France. They were held, appropriately enough, in Athens in 1896, but that meeting and the ones that followed at Paris (1900) and at St. Louis (1904) were hampered by poor organization and the absence of worldwide representation. The first successful meet was held at London in 1908; since then the games have been held in cities throughout the world (see Sites of the Modern Olympic Games, table). World War I prevented the Olympic meeting of 1916, and World War II the 1940 and 1944 meetings. The number of entrants, competing nations, and events have increased steadily.To the traditional events of track and field athletics, which include the decathlon and heptathlon, have been added a host of games and sports—archery, badminton, baseball and softball, basketball, boxing, canoeing and kayaking, cycling, diving, equestrian contests, fencing, field hockey, gymnastics, judo and taekwondo, the modern pentathlon, rowing, sailing, shooting, soccer, swimming, table tennis, team (field) handball, tennis, trampoline, the triathlon, volleyball, water polo, weight lifting, and wrestling. Olympic events for women made their first appearance in 1912. A separate series of winter Olympic meets, inaugurated (1924) at Chamonix, France, now includes ice hockey, curling, bobsledding, luge, skeleton, and skiing, snowboarding, and skating events. Since 1994 the winter games have been held in even-numbered years in which the summer games are not contested. Until late in the 20th cent. the modern Olympics were open only to amateurs, but the governing bodies of several sports now permit professionals to compete as well.As a visible focus of world energies, the Olympics have been prey to many factors that thwarted their ideals of world cooperation and athletic excellence. As in ancient Greece, nationalistic fervor has fostered intense rivalries that at times threatened the survival of the games. Although officially only individuals win Olympic medals, nations routinely assign political significance to the feats of their citizens and teams. Between 1952 and 1988 rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, rooted in mutual political antagonism, resulted in each boycotting games hosted by the other (Moscow, 1980; Los Angeles, 1984). Politics has influenced the Olympic games in other ways, from the propaganda of the Nazis in Berlin (1936) to pressures leading to the exclusion of white-ruled Rhodesia from the Munich games (1972). At Munich, nine Israeli athletes were kidnapped and murdered by Palestinian terrorists. The International Olympic Committee (IOC), which sets and enforces Olympic policy, has struggled with the licensing and commercialization of the games, the need to schedule events to accommodate American television networks (whose broadcasting fees help underwrite the games), and the monitoring of athletes who seek illegal competitive advantages, often through the use of performance-enhancing drugs. The IOC itself has also been the subject of controversy. In 1998 a scandal erupted with revelations that bribery and favoritism had played a role in the awarding of the 2002 Winter Games to Salt Lake City, Utah, and in the selection of some earlier venues. As a result, the IOC instituted a number of reforms including, in 1999, initiating age and term limits for members and barring them from visiting cities bidding to be Olympic sites.

奥运会的起源地点是希腊。古希腊人于公元前776年规定每4年在奥林匹亚举办一次运动会(为了和平）。运动会举行期间，全希腊选手及附近的百姓相聚于奥林匹亚这个希腊南部风景秀丽的小镇。公元前776年在这里举行第一届奥运会时，多利亚人克洛斯在192.27米短跑比赛中取得冠军，成为国际奥林匹克运动会荣获第一个项目的第一个桂冠的人。后来，古希腊运动会的规模逐渐扩大，并成为显示民族精神的盛会。比赛的优胜者获得月桂、野橄榄和棕榈编织的花环等。从公元前776年开始，到公元394年止，历经1170年，共举行了293届古代奥林匹克运动会。公元394年奥林匹克运动会被罗马皇帝狄奥多西一世禁止。有关古代奥运会的起源的传说有很多，最主要的有以下两种：一是古代奥林匹克运动会是为祭祀宙斯而定期举行的体育竞技活动，另1种传说与宙斯（Zeus）的儿子赫拉克勒斯（Heracles）有关。赫拉克勒斯因力大无比获“大力神”的美称。他在伊利斯城邦完成了常人无法完成的任务，不到半天功夫便扫干净了国王堆满牛粪的牛棚，但国王不想履行赠送300头牛的许诺，赫拉克勒斯一气之下赶走了国王。为了庆祝胜利，他在奥林匹亚举行了一场盛大的运动会。所以才有了奥运会。公元前776年至公元前388年伯罗奔尼撒的统治者伊菲图斯（古代奥运会的创始人）努力使宗教与体育竞技合为一体。它不仅革新宗教仪式，还组织大规模的体育竞技、活动，并决定每四年举行一次。时间定在闰年的夏至之后。所以公元前776年的古代奥林匹克运动会就正式载入史册，成为古代奥运会的第1届。参加第一届古代奥运会的国家仅有三个国家——伯罗奔尼撒、伊斯利、斯巴达。当时仅有一个比赛项目。即距离为192.27米的场地跑。这一时期各城邦之间虽有纷争，但希腊是一个独立的国家，政治、经济、文化都较发达，是运动会的黄金时期。特别是公元前490年，希腊雅典在马拉松河谷大败波斯军之后，民情奋发，国威大振，兴建了许多运动设施、庙宇等，参赛者遍及希腊各个城邦，奥运会盛极一时，成为希腊最盛大的节日之一。Place of origin of the Olympic Games is Greek.The ancient greeks in 776 BC regulations, held every four years at Olympia games (for the sake of peace. During the games, the Greek players and near the people gathered in the scenery beautiful small town in southern Greece Olympia. Held here in 776 BC, when the first Olympic Games doria people close at 192.27 meters sprint race champion, become the international Olympic Games won the first project of the first person to crown. Later, the ancient Greek games scale expands gradually, and become to display the national spirit of the event. The winner of the competition was given laurel, wild olive and palm woven garlands, etc.Begin from 776 BC to AD 394, after 1170 years, 293 session of the ancient Olympic Games were held. The Olympic Games in 394 AD by the Roman emperor theodosius banned.About the legend of the origin of the ancient Olympic Games, there are many, the main has the following two kinds: one is the ancient Olympic Games is to sacrifice Zeus and regularSports activities held, and the other one kind of legend and Zeus's son hercules (Zeus) (Heracles). Hercules by his great strength and clinking "hercules" laudatory name. He accomplished the impossible in elis polis, less than half a day time then cleaned the king with cow dung in the bullpen, but the king didn't want to fulfill the promise to give 300 head of cattle, in hercules flay away the king. In order to celebrate the victory, he held a grand games at Olympia. So we have the Olympic Games.776 BC to 776 BC, the ruler of the peloponnesian thin figure, (the founder of the ancient Olympic Games) to make religion and sport as a whole. Religious rites, it not only innovation also organize mass sports, activities, and decided to take place every four years. The time in a leap year after the summer solstice. So in 776 BC, the ancient Olympic Games were officially go down in history, 1 session of the ancient Olympic Games. To attend the first ancient Olympic Games country only three countries -- the peloponnesian, Mr Leon, Spartan. When only one event. Is the site of the distance of 192.27 meters.Although there are disputes between the city-states, during this period but Greece is an independent nation, politics, economy and culture are more developed, is the golden period of the games. Especially in 490 BC, Athens, Greece after the marathon valley defeated the Persian army, the people go, national pride and build a number of sports facilities, temples, etc., participants in various city-states of Greece, the Olympics reached its zenith, become one of the most grand festival in Greece.

奥林匹克运动会起源于古希腊，英文名为Greece，因举办地点在奥林匹克而得名。位于欧洲的东南部、地中海的东北部，包括希腊半岛、爱琴海和爱奥尼亚海上的群岛和岛屿、土耳其西南沿岸、意大利东部和西西里岛东部沿岸地区，其中如今的希腊是其中的代表地点之一。希腊是地处欧洲东南角、巴尔干半岛的南端的共和制国家。全国由半岛南部的伯罗奔尼撒半岛和爱琴海中的3000余座岛屿共同构成。第1届古代奥运会于公元前776年举行，到公元394年共举行了293届。运动会每隔1417天即4年举行一届。后来人们将这一周期称为奥林匹克周期。随着近代体育的兴起，希腊人民希望恢复古代奥运会。在1859――1889年，希腊曾举办过4届奥运会，做了初步尝试。自1883年开始，法国人顾拜旦致力于古代奥运会的复兴。经他与若干代人的努力，国际奥林匹克委员会于1894年6月23日成立。顾拜旦制订的第一部奥林匹克宪章强调了奥林匹克运动的业余性，规定在奥运会上只授予优胜者荣誉奖，不得以任何形式发给运动员金钱或其他物质奖励。1896年4月6――15日，第一届奥林匹克运动会在雅典举行