2011年江苏卷英语

标题配对是英语阅读理解题中的重要题型之一，教师在备考复习时应注意下列要点。 一、 熟悉标题的语言特点 近几年高考英语阅读理解考查实践表明，标题配对常有下列几种句式。 1. 短语式 短语式标题可为单纯的名词短语，也可为带介词（表示范围）的名词或动名词短语，句式简洁，观点明确，立场分明。如： Ireland, Past and Present(2011年安徽卷) Weakness and Kindness(2011年广东卷) Banking on Gardening(2011年新课标全国卷) 2. 陈述句式 陈述句式标题为一个简短的陈述句，它可清晰表达作者的观点和写作目的。如： Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn(2011年上海卷) TV Will Better the World(2010年福建卷) 3. 疑问句式 疑问句式标题可为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句，也可为反意疑问句，这种标题发人深省，劝告力度大。如： Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper? (2011年江苏卷) Why do I read?(2010年四川卷) 4. 问答式 问答式标题由简短的问句和答句所构成，问句常表示条件，答句常表示结果，观点逻辑性强，劝诫力度大。如： Need speed? Slow down. (2011年四川卷) 二、 了解标题的拟定原则 标题的拟定应遵循下列三个原则。 1. 高度的概括性 首先，标题必须用简短的文字反映文章的主题，对文章内容进行高度的浓缩，这样读者一看到标题就会对文章将要介绍的内容有一个大致了解，也就会带着期待性心理愉悦顺畅地阅读文章。 2. 强烈的针对性 虽然标题是对文章内容的高度概括，但也不能太过于笼统、抽象、泛化，而失去对文章具体内容的指向，否则即使看到标题读者也无法了解文章的主题和所要介绍的大致内容，这样阅读文章就失去了方向感、成功感和满足感。 3. 一定的醒目性 任何标题都是为了吸引读者，因此其必须精彩亮丽，具有一定的醒目性。这样的标题或短小精悍、言简意赅，或句式对称、丰满挺拔，或新颖时尚、情感动人，充满美感，醒人眼目。当然，标题也不应一味求醒目性而忽视高度的概括性和强烈的针对性，醒目性应服从于概括性和针对性，这是一个十分重要的原则。 三、 掌握标题的配对方法 既然标题是用精彩简短的语言反映文章的主题，因此寻找关键信息提炼主题是解题的关键。实践表明，主题信息常常在文章的下列位置出现。 1. 在文章首句出现 首句是文章最先展现在读者面前的具体内容，也常常是作者最想表达的观点，因此它最有可能成为文章主题。利用这一点常常可以快速寻找到主题信息，成功配对标题。必须注意的是，阅读首句时停留时间要长，阅读次数要多，思考的深度应深，这样就不会因疏忽大意而错过在刚开始阅读文章时就捕捉住主题信息并成功提炼出主题的机会。 例1：【原文】Human remains of ancient settle?鄄ments will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists(考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance. (2011年上海卷阅读理解C篇首节) 【试题】Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands. B. Research time should be extended, scientists require. C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say. D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn. 分析：答案为D。认真阅读分析原文第一节不难发现，首句“Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists says”为主题信息，对其加以提炼不难得出D为答案。这是一个陈述式句标题，用朴素的语言清楚表明了作者的观点。 2. 在文章首节其他内容中出现 不少情况下作者在亮明自己观点之前需要先过渡一下，或先推出多个画面、举出特定例子然后亮明自己的观点，或先介绍错误观点然后道出正确观点。显然，首节其他内容尤其末句也很有可能成为主题信息，阅读时应仔细认真，弄清哪一个句子是作者真正想表达的观点，是其与读者真正想分享的内容。 例2：【原文】In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.(2011年广东卷阅读理解A篇首节) 【试题】Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. A Wheelchair Experience. B. Weakness and Kindness. C. Weakness and Strength. D. A Driving Experience. 分析：答案为B。认真阅读分析原文不难发现，首节第三句“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”为主题信息，表明作者认为弱者的存在可以导致强者的善良，简洁一下文字不难得出B为答案。这是一个短语式标题，用最简洁的文字揭示了弱者与善良之间的关系。 例3：【原文】We know the famous ones―the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells―but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)? Shouldn’t we know who they are?(2011年江苏卷阅读理解A篇首节) 【试题】Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage? A. How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers? B. How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window? C. Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper? D. Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities? 分析：答案为C。认真阅读分析原文首节不难发现，末句“Shouldn’t we know who they are?”为主题信息，追踪句中they的指代不难发现C为答案。这是一个反意疑问句式标题，观点强烈，语气坚定，劝告力度大。 3. 在文章末节出现 还有一些时候，作者先不直接亮明自己的观点，而用具体例子或详细论证来展开文意，直到文章快要结束时才表明自己的观点，道出自己的写作目的。因此文章末节也有可能包含文章主题信息。阅读文章时如果不能在首节确定主题不要着急，应耐心阅读下文尤其末节，只有这样才能成功获取主题信息，配对标题。 例4：【原文】Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals. That kind of strategy must come from the top.(2011年四川卷阅读理解E篇末节) 【试题】Which could be the best title for the text? A. Improve quality? Serve better. B. Deliver value? Plough ahead. C. Reduce time? Move faster. D. Need speed? Slow down. 分析：答案为D。认真阅读分析原文末节不难发现，“Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals”含主题信息：商家不能不顾一切强调生产速度，造成产品质量下降，而应该定期花时间进行调整。精简一下语言不难得出D为答案。这是一个问答式标题，清楚地表达了“欲速则不达，想快就要慢”的道理，哲理性强，说服力强。 需要说明的是，有时文章也可能没有明确的主题信息，而需要考生读完文章后进行概括和总结。此时不能着急，而应沉着冷静地思考作者想表达的是什么观点，其在赞扬什么，批评什么，从而准确概括出文章主题。有时文章每一段的段首有一个段落主题句，抓住这些段落主题句并联系起来思考一下，可以快速高效地概括文章内容，提炼文章主题。限于篇幅，这里不再赘述。

2011江苏英语试题第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15 B. ￡.9.15 C . ￡9.18答案是B.1.What does the man like about the play?A.The story B. The ending C. The actor2.Which place are the speakers trying to find?A. A hotel . B. A bank . C.A restaurant.3.At what time will the two speakers meet?A.5:20 . B.5:10 . C.4:40.4.What will the man do?A.Change the plan. B.Wait for a phone. C.Sort things out.5.What does the woman want to do?A. See a film with the man . B. Offer the man some help. C.Listen to some great music.第二节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小问题，从题中所给的A、B、C、三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Where is Ben?A. In the kitchen B. At school C. In the park7.What will the children do in the afternoon?A. Help set the table B. Have a party C. Do their homework听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What are the two speakers talking about?A. A family holiday B. A business trip C. A travel plan9.Where did Rachel go?A. Spain B. Italy C. China听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.How did the woman get to know about third-hand smoke?A. From young smokers. B. From a newspaper article.C. From some smoking parents.11.Why does the man say that he should keep away from babies?A. He has just become a father. B. He wears dirty clothes.C. He is a smoker.12.What does the woman suggest smoking parents should do?A. Stop smoking altogether. B. Smoke only outside their houses.C. Reduce dangerous matter in cigarettes.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Where does Michelle Ray come from?A. A middle-sized city. B. A small town. C. A big city.14.Which place would Michelle Ray take her visitors to for shopping?A. The Zen Garden B. The Highlands C. The Red River area.15.What does Michelle Ray do for complete quiet?A. Go camping. B. Study in a library C. Read at home.16.What are the speakers talking about in general?A. Late-night shopping. B.Asian food. C.Louisville.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Why do some people say they never have dreams accdording to Dr Garfield?A.They forget about their dreams. B.They don’t want to tell the truth.C.They have to bad experiences.18．Why did Davis stop having dreams?A.He got a serious heart attack. B.He was too sad about his brother’s death.C.He was frightened by a terrible dream.19．What is Dr Garfield’s opinion about dreaming?A.It is very useful. B.It makes things worse.C.It prevents the mind from working.20．Why do some people turn off their dreams completely?A.To sleep better. B.To recover from illnesses.C.To say away from their problems.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一个：单项天空（共15题：每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：Is si generally considred unwise to give a child ____he or she wants.A.however Bwhatever C.whicecer D.whenever答案是B。21------I hear you ____ in apub .what’sit like?------Well ,it’s very hand work and I’m always tired , but I don’t mind.A.are working B.will work C.were working D.will be working22．The fact that so many people still smoke in public place _______that we may need antionwide campaign to raise awareness of the riks of smoking.A.suggest B.suggests C.suggested D.suggesting23．-----Tommy is planning to buy a car.----I know .By next month ,he__enough for a used oneA. saves B .saved C.will save D. will have saved24．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, __________ the audience can buy ice-cream.A．When B．Where C．that D．which25．In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _________.A．special B．regional C．optional D．original26．It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.A．that B．how C．when D．why27．Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ___.A．consequence B．independence C．competence D．intelligence28．--- Are you still mad at her?---Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me.A．deny B．refuse C．reject D．decline29．— Linda didn’t invite us to the party.— ______? I don’t care.A．For what B．So what C．What’s on D．What’s up30．— You look upset. What’s the matter？— I had my proposal _______ again.A．turned over B．turned on C．turned off D．turned down31．Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared32．We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan.A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time33. It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so34. ---I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.---How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolenC. should have stolen D. must have stolen35. ---You could always put the decision off a little bit longer.---_____ If I leave it much longer I might miss my chance.A. That’s reasonable advice. B. Isn’t it a good idea.C. Do you think so? D. I can’t agree more.第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A boy was walking home from school when he saw a large, tempting （诱人的）apple on one of the branches of an apple tree hanging out over a tall fence. The boy wasn’t much of a fruit-eater, 36 a bar of chocolate if given the choice, 37 , as they say, the forbidden fruit can be tempting. Seeing the apple, the boy wanted it. The more he looked at it, the 38 he felt and the more he wanted that apple.39 as high as he could , but even as his tallest 40 he was unable to touch It. He began to 41 up and down , as high as he could, at the 42 of each jump stretching his arms to get the apple . Still it remained out of 43 . Not giving up , he though , if only he had something to 44 on . His school bag wouldn’t give enough height and he didn’t want to 45 the things inside , like his lunch box , pencil case , and Gameboy . Looking 46 , he hoped he might find an old box , a rock , or , 47 luck , even a ladder , but it was a tidy neighborhood and there was nothing he could use . He had tired everything he could think to do . 48 seeing any other choices , he gave up and started to walk 49 . At first he felt angry and disappointed thinking about how hungry he had become from his 50 , and how he really wanted that apple . The more he 51 like this , the more unhappy he became.52 ,the boy of our story was a preetty smart guy,even if he cloudn’t always get what get he wanted .He started to say to himself .,This isn’t 53 ,I don’t have the apple and I’m feeling miserable as well.There’s 54 more Ican do to get the apple_that is unchangeable-but we are supposed to be able to 55 our feelings. If that’s the case, what can I do to feel better?36.A. preferring B.offering C.receiving D.allowing37.A. so B.then C..but D or38.A.sadder B.angrier C. hungrier D.tastier39.A. expanding B. stretching C.swinging D.pulling40.A. strength B. length C. range D.heigh41.A.jump B.look C. walk D.glance42.A. tip B. stage C. top D. level43.A hope B. hand C. sight D. reach44.A. put B. stand C. get D. hold45.A. break B. shake C.take D. strike46.A. up B. forword C.down D. around47.A.for B. with C.on D. of48.A. After B. Through C .Without D.Upon49.A. back B. away C. up D. down50.A. wishes B. beliefs C. efforts D. goals51.A. thought B. imagoned C.tried D. cliamed52.A.Therefore B.However C.Moreover D.Otherwise53.A. skilful B. cheerful C.harmful D. helpful54. A. something B. anything C.everything D.nothing55.A．change B.express C.forget D.describe 太长了，有邮箱么