英语过去式100个

(1) AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费）cost cost cut（割） cut cut hit（打） hit hit hurt（伤害） hurt hurt let（让） let let put（放） put putread（读） read read(2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）beat（跳动） beat beaten(3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）become（变成） became become come（来） came come run（跑） ran run(4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig（挖） dug dug get（得到） got got hang（吊死） hanged hangedhang（悬挂） hung hung hold（抓住） held held shine（照耀） shone shonesit（坐） sat sat win（赢） won wonmeet（遇见） met met keep（保持） kept kept sleep（睡） slept slept sweep（扫） swept sweptfeel（感觉） felt felt smell（闻） smelt smelt leave（离开） left leftbuild（建设） built built lend（借出） lent lent send （传送） sent sentspend（花费） spent spentlose（丢失） lost lost burn（燃烧） burnt burntlearn（学习） learnt learnt sell（卖） sold sold tell（告诉） told toldmean（意思）meant meantcatch（抓住）caught caughtteach（教） taught taught bring（带来）brought broughtfight （战斗） fought foughtbuy（买） bought boughtthink（想） thought thought hear （听见）heard heardsay（说） said said find（找到） found foundhave/has（有） had had make（制造） made madestand（站） stood stood understand（明白）understood understood

be:was.werebecome:become

baby-sit临时照顾 baby-sat baby-sat be(am/is/are)是 was/were beenbeat 击打 beat beatenbecome 变成 became becomebegin 开始 began begunbend 使弯曲 bent bentbet 赌 bet bet bite 咬 bit bitten/bitblow 吹 blew blownbreak 打破 broke brokenbring 拿来 brought broughtbuild 建造 built builtburn 燃烧 burnt/burned burnt/burnedbuy 买 bought boughtcan 能 could cast 抛 cast castcatch 捕捉 caught caughtchoose 选择 chose chosencome来 came comecost花费 cost costcut割 cut cut deal 分配 dealt dealtdig挖 dug dugdo /does做 did donedraw画 拉 拖 drew drawndream 做梦 dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamtdrink 喝 drank drunkdrive驾驶 drove driveneat吃 ate eatenfall 掉落 fell fallenfeed喂 fed fedfeel 触摸 felt feltfight作战 fought foughtfind 找出 found foundfly 飞 flew flownforbid 禁止 forbade/forbad forbiddenforget 忘记 forgot forgot/forgotten forgive原谅 forgave forgivenfreeze 结冰 froze frozenget 得到 got gotgive给 gave givengo 去 went gonegrow 成长 grew grown hang 挂/绞死 hung/hanged hung/hangedhave/has 有 had hadhear 听到 heard heardhide 隐藏 hid hidden/hidhit 打 hit hit hold 拿住 held heldhurt 受伤 hurt hurtkeep保持 kept keptknow 知道 knew knownlay 放置 laid laidlead 引导 led ledlearn 学习 learnt/learned learnt /learnedleave离开 left leftlend 借贷 lent lentlet让 let letlie躺 lay lainlight 点着 lit/lighted lit/lightedlose遗失 lost lost 原形 过去式 过去分词make制作 made mademay可以 mightmean表…意思 meant meantmeet遇到 met metmistake误认 mistook mistakenmisunderstand误会misunderstood misunderstoodpay支付 paid paidprove证明 proved proved/provenput放置 put putquit放弃 quit/quitte quit/quittedread读 read readrebuild改建 rebuilt rebuiltretell复述 retold retoldrid 免除 rid/ridded rid/riddedride骑 rode riddenrise上升 rose risenrun跑 ran runsaw锯 sawed sawed/sawnsay说 said saidsee看 saw seenseek寻觅 sought soughtsell卖 sold soldsend送/寄 sent sentset安置 set setsew缝合 sewed sewn/sewedshake摇 shook shakenshall将 should shine发光 shone shone擦亮 shined shinedshoot放（炮） shot shotshow显露 showed showed/shownsing 唱歌 sang sungsink下沉 sank/sunk sunk/sunkensit坐 sat satsleep睡 slept sleptsmell发出气味 smelt smeltsow种植 sowed sown/sowedspeak说 spoke spokenspell拼写 spelt/spelled spelt/spelledspend花费 spent spentspit吐出 spat/spit spat/spitspring跳跃 sprang/sprung sprung stand站立 stood stoodsteal偷 stole stolensweep打扫 swept sweptswim游泳 swam swumtake拿 took takenteach教 taught taughttear撕裂 tore torntell告诉 told toldthink思考 thought thoughtthrow投/扔 threw thrownunderstand了解 understood understoodwake醒着 woke/waked waked/wokenwear穿着 wore wornwet淋湿 wet/wetted wet/wettedwill将 wouldwin获胜 won wonwrite书写 wrote written 动词过去式规则变化大全: [1] e结尾的情况: e结尾的动词, 直接加d: smile--smiled; hope--hoped. ie结尾动词,直接加d: died;tied. [2] 双辅音结尾的情况: 两个辅音字母(consonant)结尾的, 直接加ed: helped; learned. [3]两个元音+一个辅音结尾的情况: 两个元音(vowels:a,e,i,o,u)加一个辅音字母结尾的动词,直接加ed: rained; heated. [4] 一个元音+一个辅音结尾的情况: 一个元音(vowel)加一个辅音字母结尾的动词: (1) 对单音节(one-syllable)单词,双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. . stopped; planned; (2) 对双音节(two-syllable)单词,如果重读在第一个音节处,不双写加ed. 如: visited(重读在vis前); offered(重读在of前); (3) 对双音节(two-syllable)单词,如果重读在第二个音节处,双写词尾辅音字母加ed. 如: preferred(重读在fer前); admitted(重读在mit前); referred; deferred; [5] y结尾的情况: 元音+y结尾动词,直接加ed: played; enjoyed. 辅音+y结尾动词,y变i加ed: worried;studied. 1．把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如： begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam 2．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如： drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote 3．改动词原形中的aw ／ow为ew，变成过去式。如： draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed） 4．动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如： get—got，forget—forgot 5．动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如： feed—fed，meet—met 6．动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如： keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept 7．动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如： break—broke，speak—spoke 8．动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如： sell—sold，tell—told 9．动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如： stand—stood，understand—understood 10．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如： bring—brought，buy— bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught 11．以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如： can—could，shall—should，will—would 12．把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如： come—came，become—became 13．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如： hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕， say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕，mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕 14．动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如： let—let，must—must，put—put，read—read〔red〕 15．不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如： am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have ／has— had，hold—held，leave—left，make—made，may—might，run—ran，see—saw，take—took

一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。如：

cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread

特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。

二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如：

come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome

三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如：

1、 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如：

lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent

2、改变单词中间元音字母。如：

sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held

3、以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept。如：

keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept

4、过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如：

buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught

5、有的以ay结尾的动词，在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如：

say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid

6、另有一些其它形式的变化。如：

have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt

四、有些动词原形中含有字母i，在过去式中变i为a，在过去分词中变i为u。如：

begin-began-begun, sing-sang-sung

五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词，在变成过去式时，通常把元音字母变成e，在变成过去分词时，通常只在词尾加n。如：

blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known

六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。如：

Rise-rose-risen, arise-arose-arisen， give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate -eaten

特殊： write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten

1、AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）

cost（花费） cost cost

cut（割） cut cut

hit（打） hit hit

hurt 伤害） hurt hurt

let（让） let let

put（放） put put

read （读） read read

spread (伸展/ 传播)

spread spread

2、AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）

beat（跳动） beat beaten

3、ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）

become（变成）became become

come（来） came come

run（跑） ran run

4、ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）

dig（挖） dug dug

get（得到） got got

hang（吊死） hanged hanged

hang（悬挂） hung hung

hold（抓住） held held

lay (产卵) laid laid

shine（照耀） shone shone

sit（坐） sat sat

win （赢） won won

meet（遇见） met met

keep （保持） kept kept

sleep（睡） slept slept

sweep（扫） swept swept

feel（感觉） felt felt

flee (逃跑) fled fled

smell（闻） smelt smelt

leave（离开） left left

build（建设） built built

lend（借出） lent lent

send （传送) sent sent

spend（花费） spent spent

sink (沉下)sunk /sank snuk /sunken

lose （丢失） lost lost

burn （燃烧） burnt burnt

learn（学习） learnt learnt

mean（意思是）meant meant

catch（抓住） caught caught

teach（教) taught taught

bring(带来） brought brought

fight （战斗) fought fought

buy（买） bought bought

think（想） thought thought

hear （听见） heard heard

sell（卖） sold sold

tell（告诉） told told

say（说） said said

find（找到) found found

feed ( 饲养 )fed fed

have/has(有) had had

make（制造) made made

stand（站） stood stood

smell （闻）smelled /smelt smelled /smelt

stick (粘贴 /刺) stuck stuck

spell (拼写)spelt/spelled spelt/spelled

spit (吐唾沫）spat spat

understand(明白)understood understood

5、ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）

begin（开始）began begun

drink（喝） drank drunk

hide （躲藏）hid hidden

ring（铃响） rang rung

sing （唱） sang sung

swim（游泳） swam swum

blow（吹） blew blown

draw （画） drew drawn

fly（飞） flew flown

grow（生长） grew grown

know（知道） knew known

throw（投掷）threw thrown

show（出示） showed shown

break（打破）broke broken

choose（选择)chose chosen

forget（忘记)forgot forgotten (forgot)

freeze （结冰／ 凝固）froze frozen

speak（说） spoke spoken

wake（醒） woke woke

drive（驾驶）drove driven

eat（吃） ate eaten

fall（落下） fell fallen

give（给） gave given

rise（升高） rose risen

take（取） took taken

mistake(弄错)mistook mistaken

ride（骑） rode ridden

write（写） wrote written

do（做） did done

go（去） went gone

lie（平躺） lay lain

see（看见） saw seen

wear （穿） wore worn

be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were been

beg (请求) begging begged beggedclap (拍掌) clapping clapped clappeddrop (落下) dropping dropped droppedhop (跳) hopping hopped hoppedknit (编织) knitting knitted knittedpin (扣住) pinning pinned pinnedrub (摩擦) rubbing rubbed rubbedslip (滑跌) slipping slipped slippedstep (踏) stepping stepped steppedstop (停止) stopping stopped stopped’Present Present Participle Past Past Participlecut (割) cutting cut cutdig (掘) digging dug dughit (打) hitting hit hitput (放置) putting put putset (安放) setting set setshut (关闭) shutting shut shutsit (坐) sitting sat satspit (吐痰) spitting spat spatwin (获胜) winning won wonPresent Present Participle Past Past Participleforbid (不准) forbidding forbade forbiddenget (取) getting got gottenrun (跑) running ran run Present Present Participle Past Past Participleagree (同意) agreeing agreed agreedflee (逃跑) fleeing fled fledforesee (预见) foreseeing foresaw foreseenfree (释放) freeing freed freedsee (看) seeing saw seen Present Present Participle Past Past Participlebake (烘) baking baked bakedbathe (沐浴) bathing bathed bathedbelieve (相信) believing believed believedbreathe (呼吸) breathing breathed breathedclose (关闭) closing closed closedcomplete (完成) completing completed completedcontinue (继续) continuing continued continuedcycle (踏单车) cycling cycled cycleddive (潜水) diving dived divedexamine (检查) examining examined examinedexcuse (宽恕) excusing excused excusedface (面对) facing faced facedfine (罚金) fining fined finedhate (憎恶) hating hated hatedhope (希望) hoping hoped hopedinvite (邀请) inviting invited invitedlike (喜欢) liking liked likedlive (居住) living lived livedlove (爱) loving loved lovedmove (移动) moving moved movedname (命名) naming named namedrace (竞走) racing raced racedrule (统治) ruling ruled ruledsave (救援) saving saved savedshare (分配) sharing shared sharedtaste (嚐味) tasting tasted tastedhave (有) having had hadleave (离开) leaving left leftlose (失去) losing lost lostslide (滑) sliding slid slidstrike (击) striking struck struckarise (出现) arising arose arisenawake (唤醒) awaking awoke awokenbecome (变成) becoming became becomehide (隐藏) hiding hid hiddenovercome (克服) overcoming overcame overcomestrive (努力奋斗) striving strove strivenundertake (承担责任) undertaking undertook undertakenwake (醒觉) waking woke wokenPresent Present Participle Past Past Participlebleed (流血) bleeding bled bledfeed (餵) feeding fed fed Present Present Participle Past Past Participlefeel (感觉) feeling felt feltkneel (跪) kneeling knelt kneltkeep (保持) keeping kept keptsleep (睡觉) sleeping slept sleptsweep (扫) sweeping swept sweptweep (哭) weeping wept weptPresent Present Participle Past Past Participleenjoy (欣赏) enjoying enjoyed enjoyedplay (玩) playing played playedobey (服从) obeying obeyed obeyedstay (逗留) staying stayed stayedlay (放置) laying laid laidpay (支付) paying paid paidsay (说) saying said saidbuy (买) buying bought boughtslay (杀) slaying slew slainPresent Present Participle Past Past Participlecarry (携带) carrying carried carriedcopy (抄写) copying copied copieddry (使乾) drying dried driedempty (使空) emptying emptied emptiedmarry (结婚) marrying married marriedstudy (学习) studying studied studiedtry (尝试) trying tried triedfly (飞) flying flew flownPresent Present Participle Past Past Participledie (死亡) dying died diedlie (说谎) lying lied liedtie (缚) tying tied tieduntie (解开) untying untied untiedlie (躺下) lying lay laidPresent Present Participle Past Past Participlebind (缚困) binding bound boundfind (找寻) finding found foundgrind (磨碾) grinding ground groundwind (绕扭) winding wound woundPresent Present Participle Past Past Participleburst (爆炸) bursting burst burstcast (扔) casting cast castcost (价值) costing cost costhurt (伤害) hurting hurt hurtread (阅读) reading read readspread (传播) spreading spread spreadthrust (用力推) thrusting thrust thrustupset (弄翻) upsetting upset upsetPresent Present Participle Past Past Participleaccept (接受) accepting accepted acceptedact (扮演) acting acted actedadd (加) adding added addedallow (允许) allowing allowed allowedanswer (回答) answering answered answeredask (问) asking asked askedbark (吠) barking barked barkedboil (煮沸) boiling boiled boiledborrow (借) borrowing borrowed borrowedbrush (刷) brushing brushed brushedburn (燃烧) burning burnt/ burned burnt/ burnedcall (叫) calling called calledclimb (爬) climbing climbed climbedcollect (收集) collecting collected collectedcorrect (改正) correcting corrected correctedcount (计算) counting counted countedcover (盖上) covering covered coveredcross (横过) crossing crossed crosseddirect (指挥) directing directed directeddisappear (失踪) disappearing disappeared disappearedenter (进入) entering entered enteredexplain (说明) explaining explained explainedfail (失败) failing failed failedfetch (取) fetching fetched fetchedflow (流) flowing flowed flowedfollow (跟随) following followed followedgather (采集) gathering gathered gatheredgovern (统治) governing governed governedhelp (帮助) helping helped helpedhunt (狩猎) hunting hunted huntedjoin (参加) joining joined joinedjump (跳) jumping jumped jumpedkill (杀) killing killed killedleap (跳) leaping leaped leapedlearn (学习) learning learnt/ learned learnt/ learnedlook (看) looking looked lookedmarch (行军) marching marched marchedmend (修补) mending mended mendedneed (需要) needing needed neededopen (开) opening opened openedpaint (绘画) painting painted paintedpick (采摘) picking picked pickedplough (犂田) ploughing ploughed ploughedpull (拉) pulling pulled pulledpush (推) pushing pushed pushedquarrel (争吵) quarrelling quarreled quarreledquestion (质问) questioning questioned questionedreach (到达) reaching reached reachedroll (滚) rolling rolled rolledsail (航行) sailing sailed sailedshout (叫喊) shouting shouted shoutedspoil (弄坏) spoiling spoiled spoiledtrust (信任) trusting trusted trustedvisit (探望) visiting visited visitedwait (等候) waiting waited waitedwatch (看) watching watched watchedwork (工作) working worked workedPresent Present Participle Past Past Participlebend (屈曲) bending bent bentbring (携带) bringing brought broughtbuild (建筑) building built builtcatch (捉) catching caught caughtcling (抓紧) clinging clung clungfight (战斗) fighting fought foughthang (挂) hanging hung hunghave, has (有) having had hadhear (听) hearing heard heardhold (持) holding held heldlead (领导) leading led ledlend (借出) lending lent lentlight (点火) lighting lit/ light lit/ lightmean (意思) meaning meant meantmeet (遇见) meeting met metmislead (使人误解) misleading misled misledseek (找寻) seeking sought soughtsell (卖出) selling sold soldsend (寄送) sending sent sentshoot (射击) shooting shot shotsmell (嗅) smelling smelt smeltspell (拼字) spelling spelt speltspend (消耗) spending spent spentstand (站立) standing stood stoodstick (黏) sticking stuck stuckstring (困缚) stringing strung strungswing (摇摆) swinging swung swungteach (教) teaching taught taughttell (讲) telling told toldthink (想) thinking thought thoughtunderstand (明白) understanding understood understooduphold (维护) upholding upheld upheldwithhold (保留) withholding withheld withheldPresent Present Participle Past Past Participlebe(am, is, are) (是) being was (were) beenbear (忍受) bearing bore born/ bornebeat (打) beating beat beatenbegin (开始) beginning began begunblow (吹) blowing blew blownbreak (破) breaking broke brokendo (做) doing did donedraw (画，抽出) drawing drew drawndrink (饮) drinking drank drunkeat (食) eating ate eatenfall (跌下) falling fell fallenforget (忘记) forgetting forgot forgottengo (去) going went gonegrow (生长) growing grew grownknow (知道) knowing knew knownoverthrow (推翻) overthrowing overthrew overthrownring (响钟) ringing rang rungsew (缝纫) sewing sewed sewnshow (表示) showing showed showedshrink (收缩) shrinking shrank shrunksing (唱歌) singing sang sungsink (沉没) sinking sank sunksow (播种) sowing sowed sownspeak (说) speaking spoke spokenspring (跳) springing sprang sprungsteal (偷) stealing stole stolenswear (发誓) swearing swore swornswim (游泳) swimming swam swumtear (撕裂) tearing tore tornthrow (投掷) throwing threw thrownundo (打开) undoing undid undonewear (穿著) wearing wore wornwithdraw (收回) withdrawing withdrew withdrawn

如图所示：

拓展资料：

1、过去式

过去式（past tense）是英语语法的一种，表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。

2、规则动词

一般动词直接加-ed，e.g.look-looked；

以e结尾的动词直接加-d，e.g.dance-danced；

辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i再加ed，e.g.study-studied；

以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母（字母w，y，x除外），双写这个辅音字母加-ed，e.g.skip-skipped；

以l结尾的动词，若以非重读音节结尾，则末尾的字母l双写与不双写均可。其中不双写的是美式拼写。e.g.travel-travelled/traveled(U.S.)。

部分以-p结尾的动词同样遵循第5条，这类词多由“前缀+名词”构成。e.g.worship-worshipped/worshiped(U.S.)、handicap-handicapped/handicaped(U.S.)。

参考资料：

百度百科：英语过去式

wait ----waited（等）talked说（谈话）begin —— began（ 开始）grow —— grew（生长） have,has —— had（有）swim —— swam（游泳） put —— put（ 切）may —— might（应该）give —— gave （给） can —— could（会）ring —— rang（响） let —— let （让）shall ——should（应该）run —— ran（跑） read —— read（读） will —— would酱（将）ride —— rode （骑）catch —— caught（抓） go —— went（走）write —— wrote teach —— taught eat —— atedrive —— drove think —— thought hear —— heardkeep —— kept buy —— bought see —— sawsleep —— slept fight —— fought find —— foundsweep —— swept hold —— held wear —— worefeel —— felt tell —— told meet —— metcome —— came get —— got mean —— meantbecome —— became make —— made （做）

1．把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam2．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote3．改动词原形中的aw／ow为ew，变成过去式。如：draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed）4．动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：get—got，forget—forgot5．动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如：feed—fed，meet—met6．动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept7．动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：break—broke，speak—spoke8．动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sell—sold，tell—told9．动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：stand—stood，understand—understood10．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如：bring—brought，buy—bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught11．以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如：can—could，shall—should，will—would12．把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如：come—came，become—became13．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：hear〔hi〕—heard〔h:d〕，say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕，mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕14．动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：let—let，must—must，put—put，read—read〔red〕15．不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have／has—had，hold—held，leave—left，make—made，may—might，run—ran，see—saw，take—took