浙江八年级英语

一、构成： 陈述句，＋ 简单问句二、结构：结构一： 前肯，+ 后否结构二： 前否，+ 后肯三、其它特殊类型的反意疑问句 1. 陈述部分是I am 或 I’m 时，疑问部分用 aren’t I 2.陈述部分有no , never, few, little等表否定的词时，疑问部分用肯定 3.陈述部分主语是there be, 疑 问部分用be there 4.陈述部分主语是this, that , these, those ，疑问部分单数it 复数they 5.陈述部分主语是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, anybody, no one, nobody等时，疑问部分用they, he；陈述部分是everything, something, nothing, anything时，疑问部分用 it 陈述部分为主从句的复合句，且主句的主语和谓语是I think, I suppose, I believe, I imagine等结构时，附加疑问句的人称和数往往要与从句的人称和数保持一致，并要注意否定的转移。 陈述部分含有 few, little, seldom, hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither 等时，附加疑问句应用肯定形式。当陈述部分有含有否定前缀或否定后缀的词语时，陈述部分应视为肯定。当陈述部分含有used to时，附加疑问句可用use(d)n’t或didn’t。陈述部分为I am... 结构时，附加疑问句常用 aren’t I?陈述部分为I wish... 结构时，附加疑问句常用may I? 陈述部分为Let’s...时，附加疑问句常用shall we? 陈述部分为Let us/me...时，附加疑问句常用will you? 陈述部分的主语为someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody时，附加疑问句的主语通常用they,也可以用he。 含有must have done结构的句子中如果有明确的过去时间时，附加疑问句中的助动词常用did。 陈述部分的主语是something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时，附加疑问句的主语常用it。Unit 10 It’s a nice day, isn’t it?一.重点词组 1. look like 看起来像…2. by noon 到中午为止3. on the weekend 在周末4. look through 浏览5. wait in line 排队等候6. a ball game fan 球迷7. have a wonderful time 过得愉快8. on Saturday night 在周六晚上9. thank you so much for … 为…而非常感谢你10. be friendly to 对…友好11. feel like 感觉像…12. part of …的一部分13. have a hard time doing… 做…时很费劲14. come along 出现，发生15. enjoy doing 享受做…的乐趣16. be good at … 擅长于…17. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth.18. a lot easier 容易的多19. get along 相处20. be careful to do sth. 小心去做某事21. at least 至少22. at this time 此时 23. Thank-you note 感谢函 24. think of 想起 25. have a family dinner 有一个家宴 26. heavy traffic交通拥挤来源：(http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_52e8732f0100dl29.html) - 新目标解读八年级下册第十单元知识点解析_Eleven_新浪博客二.交际用语1. It's a nice day, isn't it? 今天是个好天气，不是吗？ Yes, it is. 是。2. You're Ben's sister, aren't you? 你是Ben的姐姐/妹妹，对吗？ Yes, I am. 是的，我是。3. You love violin music, don’t you? 你喜欢小提琴乐曲，对吗？ Yes, I do. 是的，我喜欢。三.重点难点释义1. I hope so. 我希望如此。此处so 是副词，用作替代词。意为“如此”“如是”。eg.--Our team will win. 我们队会赢的。 --I hope so. 我希望如此。2. by 不迟于；在什么……之前eg.--Do you think it'll stop by noon? 你认为中午之前雨会停吗？--By then he was more than fifty years of age. 到那时他已经五十多岁了。3. I hope the bus comes soon. 我希望汽车快点儿来。在hope的宾语从句中，既可以用一般将来时表示将来时间，也可以用一般现在时表示将来时间，如本句。再如：eg.--I hope she likes / will like the flowers. 我希望她回喜欢花。--We all hope you get / will get well soon. 我们都希望你能不久痊愈。4. look through 浏览；翻阅；看一遍eg.--Look through this plan for me, and tell me what you think of it.替我看一遍这项计划，并把你的想法告诉我。--There're some important papers I have to look through tonight.有些重要的文件需要我今晚看。5. Sometimes it isn't easy being the new kid at school.有时在学校里做个新生可真不容易。it代表动名词表示的主语，如本句。再如：eg.--It’s a waste of time talking to him. 和他谈话是白费时间。--It isn't fun staying at home by yourself. 一个人待在家里没意思。6. come along 可以表示意外地“出现”“来到”或“发生”，如：eg.--Take any opportunity that comes along. 抓住每一个出现的机会。--A bus should come along any time now. 现在公共汽车随时都可能会来。7. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好或对某人友善； Be friendly with sb. 和某人关系好或同某人要好。试比较：eg.--He's not very friendly to newcomers. 他对新来的人不太友善。--The classmates in our class are friendly with each other.我们班上的同学相互关系都很好。8. He sure is（他）的确是（这样）。（1）这里sure是副词，意为“确实地”，是美国的俗语说法。如：eg.--It sure was very cold.天确实很冷。--He sure is a good man.他的确是个好人。(2)sure主要作形容词用。如：eg.--I think she's coming, but I'm not quite sure.我想她会来的，但不太肯定。--Are you sure of your facts? 你确信你说的都是真的吗？9. To have successful small talk, both people need to ask questions.要想使聊天顺利进行，两个人都需要提出问题。（1）*both在这里作形容词用，意为“两个…都…”，如：eg.--I saw him on both occasions. 在那两个场合我都见过他。--You can't have it both ways. 你不能鱼和熊掌兼得。**both经常用作代词。如：eg.--Both of us want to go to the park.我们两个够想去公园。--"What would you like, coke or juice ""both"“你是要可乐和果汁”“两个都要”。**both作主语时只能用肯定形式。表示“两个都不……”时，要用反义词。eg.--Both of them are from Canada.他们两个都是加拿大人。--Neither of them is from Canada.他们两个都不是加拿大人。（2）need在这里作实意动词用，意为“需要……”，后面常跟名词或不定式。eg.--Do you need any help? 你需要什么帮助？--Which bus do I need to take? 我要乘几路车？**need 也可做情态动词，但一般只用在否定句中。如：eg.--You needn’t wash these dishes. 这些盘子你不用洗。--Need I explain once more? 需要我再解释一次吗？10. alone意为“单独、独自”相当于(all)by himself。eg.--We’re alone on this island. (We're all by ourselves on this island.)这个岛上就我们这些人。--She always goes home alone. (She always goes home by himself).她总是一个人回家。11. 辨析：alone/lonelylonely为形容词，意为“孤独的，荒凉的”可用作定语和表语，而alone既可以用作形容词也可以作副词用，表示客观上无人陪伴。但形容词用时只可用作表语。如：eg.--He lives in a lonely place alone.他独自住在荒郊野外。-He was alone, but he didn't feel lonely.他虽独自一人，但并不感到寂寞。12. wait to do sth. 等候做某事，can't wait to do sth. 等不及做某事。eg.--The reporters are waiting at the airport to welcome the hero back.记者们在机场等候欢迎英雄凯旋。--The children can't wait to open the presents in the stockings.孩子们迫不及待的要打开袜子里的礼物。13. 辨析 cross, crossing和across(1)cross n. 十字形，十字记号 vt. 穿过，越过，横过(2)crossing n. 十字路口，交叉点(3)across prep. 穿过；横穿eg.--Be careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心。--Turn right at the second crossing.在第二个十字路口往右拐。--Go across the bridge, you’ll find the hospital.越过这座桥，你就会看到这家医院。14. cost 意为“值”“花费”，通常以物作主语，即：某物花（某人）多少钱。eg.--That house cost him 3000 000. 那所房子花了他30万。--It costs them 10 000 a year to run a car. 使用一部小汽车每年花他们一万。15. I feel like part of the group now. 我感觉像这个群体的一部分了。feel like.“感觉像…” 后面跟名词或动名词。eg.--I feel like flying. 我感觉像在飞。--She feels like dreaming. 她感觉像在做梦。但是如果后面跟动名词的话，一般是表示“想要”的意思，等于want。eg.--He doesn't feel well and he doesn't feel like eating anything. (He doesn't feel well and he doesn't want to eat anything) 他不舒服，不想吃东西。--Do you feel like going for a walk? (Do you want to go for a walk) 你想出去散步吗？四.语法知识1. 反意疑问句是用以要求对方证实所陈述之事，它由两部分组成，前面是陈述句，后面是简短问句。如果前面是肯定句，后面一般是否定问句，如果前面是否定句，则后面多是肯定句。2. 反意疑问句使用中应注意以下几个方面： 除There be句型外，疑问部分的主语必须是与陈述部分的主语在人称数性方面保持一致的人称代词。²² There be句型的疑问部分的主语用there。eg.--There is going to be a class meeting on Friday afternoon, isn’t there? **当陈述部分的主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no² one等不定代词时，其疑问部分的主语可用he, 也可用they。eg.--Everyone knows his job, doesn’t he?--Everyone enjoyed their weekends, didn’t they?**如果陈述部分的谓语动词带有助动词或情态动词，疑问部分则使用相同的助词或情态动词。eg.--You can swim, can’t you?** 如果陈述部分的谓语动词是系动词Be，则疑问部分也用系动词。eg.--Beijing is a beautiful city, isn’t it?**如果陈述部分的谓语动词既不是系动词Be，也不带助动词或情态动词时，疑问部分要用do。eg.--Your father likes playing basketball, doesn’t he?**Will you? Won't you? Would you? Can you? Can't you?² Could you? 用于祈使句后的疑问部分。用Won't表示“邀请，”will, would, can, 和 can't 表示“请求”。否定的祈使句后只能用will you。eg.--Try the new dress on, will you?--Don’t be late next time, will you?注：祈使句Let's...后，用shall we，let us...后用will you。eg.--Let’s go home, shall we?--Let us have a try, will you?Ex：将下列句子改为反意疑问句。1. She is a school girl, __________?2. It looks like rain, ____________?3. They go there by bus, __________?4. His mother goes to work at 8:00, __________?5. The girl can sing an English song, __________?6. The students had a class meeting yesterday, __________?7. He forgot his umbrella, _____________?8. There was a telephone for you, ___________?9. Let’s clean our bedroom, ______________?10. I think he is a teacher, ___________?Keys：1. isn’t she 2. doesn’t it 3. don’t they 4. doesn’t she5. can’t she 6. didn’t they 7. didn’t he 8. wasn’t there9. shall we 10. isn’t he