罗夕夕1976
2009年北京市中考英语试卷分析 一、体裁：09年北京中考英语试卷完形填空题从体裁上讲是一篇典型的记人的记叙文。 二、内容：全文讲述了一位善良而思想开明的姨妈在作者（一个单亲孩子）的成长中扮演着非常重要的角色及对其人生的影响。 三、考查内容： 词性 数量 题号 代词 2 35，37 名词 3 36，46 形容词副词 2 38，39 动词及短语 4 40，41，42，43，45 连词 1 44 可以看出，与往年一样，完形填空重在考查实词（名词、代词、动词和形容词、副词）的应用。其中，动词仍然是考查热点，占近一半的比重。 四、考查角度 考察题型 数目 题号 语境推断 5 35，36，37，38，39 词汇和短语 5 40，41，42，43，45 语法 1 45 主旨照应 1 46 重在从语境的角度对词汇进行考查。其中，语境中的推断、对词汇的准确把握仍是考查的焦点。这就要求同学们在完形填空的解题中，应注意： 1． 对文章交待的背景，特别是“首段”和“段首”交待的信息做出迅速的反映，并能准确领会文章叙述中作者流露出的情感，同时能清晰的把握文章的情节及层次，以便将语境信息融会贯通，从而做出正确的选择。 2． 学习过程中，对词汇的含义做到准确的理解，并能在具体语境中，从逻辑及用法上做出最精准的判断。比如，某词汇应用时，需要相匹配的语境是解释关系的，在因果关系的语境中，该词就不能使用。本篇完形中，第41题不能用show，而选mean即是此原因。 3． 完形填空题中对语法的考查多表现在“句法”上，通常为判断句子关系（如转折，条件，让步，因为，并列等），选择正确的连词。 4． 解决这类题的关键在于从整体考虑，把握文章主旨，找到“点睛”之词或句。 五、全文解析 My father died when I was a few months old. After his death, my mother moved back to Louisville, Kentucky, where 35 had grown up. We lived in a small house with her older sister, Marion, and their mother. This was a time when being a single 36 was still considered unusual. 该段旨在交待故事背景：父亲去世，单亲妈妈带作者回到自己的家乡。 35题选B。一方面，与上半句主语保持逻辑上的一致，另一方面，从上下文My father died when I was a few months old…（说明当时作者还小）… Kentucky, where 35 had grown up.（使用过去完成时，更突出了是母亲长大的地方） We lived in a small house with her older sister, Marion, and their mother.（信息上进一步补充论证） 36题选C。My father died when I was a few months old.段首这句话明确了下文必定是“单亲妈妈”这一信息。且第二段中说“The Happy Family……Dad worked……Mom cooked….”为typical (典型的) of the time，与本段中的unusual形成鲜明对比，更加强化了这一事实，故本题应选single parent。 When I was small, there was a children’s book called The Happy Family, and it was a real piece of work. Dad worked all day long at the office, Mom cooked in the kitchen, and brother and sister always had friends sleeping over. The image of the family in this book was typical (典型的) of the time. It looked 37 like my family, but luckily that wasn’t the way I heard it. The way my Aunt Marion read it to me made the story really 38 . 37题选A。为上下段信息综合处理题。第二段开头第一句提到The Happy Family……typical (典型的) of the time与第一段中描述到“My father died when ……was still considered unusual”形成对比，可见应选nothing like（一点儿不像）。同时本题也有对词汇nothing like意义的考查。 38题选D。该题前一句中的luckily一词决定了这句的情感信息词为积极词汇。所以选funny。 必杀技一：准确判断情感倾向，并捕捉到对应信息词，可大大提高我们的做题准确率。注意：这类题考查频率越来越高。 Kind-hearted and open-minded, my aunt was the one who played baseball with me, who took me horseback riding, who took me to the father-son dinners and who gave me lessons on how to drive. Believing that anything 39 was probably good for me, she 40 to get a loan (贷款) so that I could go to Africa to work as a volunteer, which was my most important experience. 39题选D。该题是一道信息综合推断题，考查难度较高，要求学生综合大量的事实细节（my aunt……played baseball with me…… took me horseback riding…… to the father-son dinners……gave me lessons on how to drive），提炼出一个核心描述词“unusual”。与此同时，39所在的句子为定义型句子，下一句必为对该句的支持论证。而“get a loan (贷款) so that I could go to Africa to work as a volunteer”这一信息我们只能用unusual去描述。 必杀技二：准确理解句子间的逻辑关系（解释、对比、论证、总分关系等），可对选项做出更加合理的判断。 40题选C。该段第一句话明确交待了my aunt是一个Kind-hearted and open-minded的人，句中提到“believing that…”，可知my aunt为了我的成长，定会主动地“offer to get a loan”。而decide一词是无法体现主语的主动性的。其它选项prepare（准备）和afford（支付得起）更是不符合语境。 As a young girl, Aunt Marion always planned to have a large number of children of her own, but she never got married. This 41 that she was free to spend all her time taking care of me. Many people say we have a lot in common. She always 42 me to do my best. She never 43 to make me believe that I could do anything with my life that I wanted, if I only tried hard enough. 41题选B。该题考查词汇与语境匹配问题。上文的she never got married与下文she was free to spend all her time taking care of me形成因果关系，故选mean（导致，意味着）。而show相匹配的语境应为解释关系，在该题中不能使用。 必杀技三：在解题中准备把握词汇与语境的匹配也是一项重要的技能。 42题选B。43题选D。这两道题相互照应，运用必杀技一和二，即可有效解决。通过“I could do anything… if I only tried hard enough”即可推断42为expected。进而可知43所在的句子为积极信息（make me believe），而空格前的never为否定词，可知该空应选有否定意义的词，能过双重否定表达肯定。而stop to do表肯定（stop doing才表否定），never stop to do则为否定。故不选。此外，该题也是运用了never fail to do这样一个重点句型，这也要求同学们在学习过程中要注意短语和句型的积累。 For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didn’t and still doesn’t think of herself. 44 she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesn’t think that her efforts have made much 45 . I honored my aunt, who taught me the things my 46 couldn’t. So every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, I’ve sent her a Father’s Day card. 44题选A。该题考查句子间的逻辑关系（条件关系）。根据本段第一句话，“For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didn’t and still doesn’t think of herself.”这一信息，可知“除非她被迫站到前面，否则她就站在后面。” 45题选A。考查固定短语。make much difference（起很大作用），make much progress (取得很大进步)，make much trouble（惹了很多麻烦），make much sense（有很大意义）。本文的主旨为讲述了姨妈在作者（一个单亲孩子）的成长中扮演着非常重要的角色及对其人生的影响，所以对应的短语应为make much difference。 46题选C。根据本文主旨及最后一句话的提示“ I’ve sent her a Father’s Day card”可知答案选C。 六、重点词汇 1．nothing but/ anything but nothing like/(not) anything like nothing much have nothing to do with… for nothing 2. offer 3. make a/the/any/much difference make no/any/little/much sense make much trouble make much/ great /rapid progress 4. (never) fail to do…
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解题方法“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。“完形填空”题要求填入的词主要有：1. 语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。2. 具有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等。3. 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4. 同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5. 根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。可见，完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。完形填空题的考查目的：1. 考查同学们阅读理解能力。2. 考查同学们语法知识。3. 考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。 一、完形填空题的命题特点完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识 综合运用能力的一种测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出10个空白，要求考生从所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查，又有对文章内容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容：1、词汇：此类题目考查的内容是：近义词的区别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年陕西省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。2、语法：此类题目考查的是：各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。3、结构：此类题目考查的是：文章中间句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。从设空的类型看可分为三个层次：1、句子层次2、句组层次3、全篇层次设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到全篇层次，依次增加。分析近几年陕西省的完形填空题，我们可以看出陕西省完形填空题的设空主要以句子层次为主，以句组层次为辅，几乎没有全篇层次题目。因此总体难度较低。二、完形填空的解题技巧前面我们已经分析过，完形填空是在全面理解短文基础上的选择填空。因此做“完型填空”题应遵循下列步骤：1、通读全文，了解大意做这类题目是，首先应该把文章通读一遍，了解一下文章的大概内容。千万不要读一句填一句，因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后都可成立，但从全文看又不可取。例如：2002年北京海淀区中考试题中的完形填空题：A hot dog is one of the most popular American foods. It was named after frankfurter, a German food.You may hear “hot dog” 1 in other ways. People sometimes say “hot dog” to express 2 . For example, a friend may ask 3 you would like to go to the cinema. You might say “Great! I would love to go.” Or, you could say, “4 ! I would love to go.”People 5 use the expression to describe (描写)someone who is a “show- off”, who tries to show everyone else how 6 he is. You often hear such 7 called a “hot dog”. He may be a baseball player, for example, who 8 the ball with one hand, making a (n) 9 catch seem more difficult. You know he is a hot dog because when he makes such a catch, he bows (鞠躬) to the crowd, hoping to win their 10 .1. A. eaten B. used C. cooked D. picked2. A. strength B. practice C. pleasure D. reply3. A. if B. how C. when D. where4. A. Hot dog B. Don’t worry C. Never mind D. Excuse me5. A. ever B. also C. still D. yet6. A. hopeful B. careful C. kind D. great7. A. a dog B. a land C. a person D. an action8. A. catches B. plays C. passes D. throws9. A. hard B. funny C. exciting D. easy10. A. thanks B. cheers C. medals D. matches如果不看后面的文章内容，短文的第一个题所给第四个选项都可以填入空白处，不论是从语法的角度，还是从这个句子的意思完整的角度，都是能够站得住脚的。但如果继续看完这一段短文之后，你就会领悟到，“hot dog”在这里不是“被吃”，“被做”，“被拿”，而是“被使用”，只能选used。有些同学一拿到“完形填空”题，就着手去填，填到最后，才发现所选答案语全文的意思不符，不得不在从头开始。费时又费力，还不易做准确，这种方法是不可取的。2、瞻前顾后，逐步填空了解文章大意之后，就可逐步填空。 一般来说，文章后面所给的选择答案可分三类：一类是语法正确，而意思不对；另一类是意思正确，而语法错误；第三类是语法正确，意思也正确。在选择答案时，一定要考虑到上下文的意思，还要考虑到句子的结构，习惯用法，固定搭配和词类的功能，尽量使选出的答案及复合语法又符合原文的意思。3、认真复查，适当调整填空全部做完以后，应把短文从头到尾再读一遍，检查一下填空以后的文章是否连贯，情节是否合理，语法结构是否正确。一般来说，如果意思连贯，情节合理，语法结构正确，就意味着选答没有问题；如果发现个别填空使文章文理不通，语法结构有问题，就说明选答不正确。对这样的填空应该认真推敲，进行调整。【中考范例】（2004年陕西省中考试题）Once upon a time, some children were playing at seaside when they found a turtle(海龟). They began to beat the turtle. Just at that time, a young man came and said to them, “Stop!” The children ran 31 quickly. The turtle was very thankful and said, “Thanks for your kindness. I really would like 32 you to a wonderful palace now.”�The young man rode on the back of the turtle and was taken to the secret palace in the sea. When he 33 the palace, he was very surprised and said to the turtle, “What a nice palace!” To thank him, the king of the turtles gave him 34 . He had never seen such a dinner before. He received a warm welcome there and was very 35 everything. After dinner, the king of the turtles said, “I am going to give you two boxes, 36 you can open only one.” “You mustn’t open both. Don’t forget it!” the turtle warned him. “All right. I will open only one,” the young man promised(许诺). At this time, a large wave sent him out of the sea. After he 37 , he opened the bigger one of the two boxes.38 the box was full of gold. “My God!” he cried. “I’m 39 now.” Then he thought, “Things in the other box must be expensive, too.” He could not wait any longer. He broke his promise and opened the other box. As soon as he opened it, he became an old man. His hair turned white. His face �40 �an old man over eighty years old. It all happened in a moment. He was sorry for what he did, but it was too late.�31. A. through B. away C. into D. out32. A. wanting B. asking C. to let D. to invite33. A. left for B. arrived on C. arrived at D. got away34. A. a very big dinner B. a very poor dinner C. a very bad dinner D. a very small dinner35. A. pleased with B. strict in C. angry with D. sorry for36. A. so B. or C. but D. as37. A. went back to home B. was back home C. went back to the sea D.was back the sea38. A. To his surprising B. To one’s surprisingC. To one’s surprise D. To his surprise39. A. a poor man B. a rich manC. an old man D. a young man40. A. liked B. felt like C. looked like D. looked31. B 根据上下文判断，那些孩子们应该是跑走了。所以应选away。32. D would like 之后应接不定式，年轻人就了海龟的命，海龟应是“邀请年轻人到宫殿去。”33. C 到达某个地方应用arrived at。34. A 按照逻辑，海龟国王要感谢他，必然设盛宴招待他。所以应选a big dinner。35. A 海龟国王盛情招待他，所以他对一切都满意。pleased with everything表示的就是这个意思。36. C 海龟国王给了他两个盒子，但只准他打开一个。这里有一个转折关系，所以应选but。37. B 年轻人在海里见到了海龟国王，得到了两个盒子以后，应该回家，而不是回到海里。而回家应是went back home。38. D 使他感到惊讶的是，用英语表示就是To his surprise。39. B 他得到了金子，当然应该是a rich man。40.C 由于贪心，他的头发变白了，脸“看起来”像八十多岁的老头。 从2004年的完形填空题来看，难度不大，全部题目都属于句子层次。只要看懂了短文的意思，掌握了一些短语的固定搭配，再多做一些精选的练习，做好完形填空题是不难的。
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