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首页 > 英语培训 > 归化与异化的英文

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深深哒瑷

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“归化”,是指在翻译过程中尽可能用本民族的方式去表现外来的作品;

“异化”则认为既然是翻译,就得译出外国的味儿,保持“原汁原味”。

归化:

异化:

归化与异化的英文

159 评论(12)

TCL晋善晋美

Dissimilation异化 归化:Be naturalized

275 评论(13)

长草的燕窝

在英汉语中,异化与归化的内涵究竟有多宽?异化 / 归化翻译的结果不能用形似和神似来描述。异化和归化是一种策略,在实践中,直译、改译、增译等方法都可能被采用。作为一对专有翻译术语, Foeignizing translation / domesticating translation 只是在最新的英文学术著作中得到阐述。而 free translation / literal translation 则不然。 “ 看一个翻译是归化翻译还是异化翻译,完全取决于文化形态的重构,翻译在这一形态中得到生产和销售;什么是归化或异化只有在考虑到改变译入语文化的价值关系时才能得到界定。 ”[2] ( Mona Baker, 1998:243 ) “ 当前在对 ‘ 归化 ' 问题的认识上,译界同仁应该区分归化法的两种前提:一是忠实原则下的归化,二是非忠实前提下的归化。前者总体上是规定性的,后者则是描述性的;前者是原语中心论的,后者则是译语和译语文化取向的。 ” (葛校琴, 2002 : 33 )这一区分基本上是对的。然而,我们还可对它们的性质作出区分:忠实原则下的归化是语言层面的,关心的是翻译的艺术效果,是一种翻译的方法;非忠实前提下的归化是文化层面的,关心的是翻译的意识形态,是一种翻译的策略。至今我们讨论的翻译研究存在两种不同的异化和归化,第一种是 Venuti 的术语,已在在前面提到,另一种是一些中国反复使用的归化 / 异化,笔者用英文的 assimilation ( adaptation )和 adaptation 来指代它们。异化和归化翻译表现为文化的思考,从翻译的意识形态看其对文学乃至文化产生的影响,属于文学批评和哲学范畴。带有后殖民的解构意义的异化一词运用到翻译之中是近几年的事,反映在翻译实践上,主要体现为以书写符号为表现形式的文学翻译。 西方学者用一个图表来大致显示 Jerome 对不同性质的翻译所作的区分 [2] ,根据当前关于翻译的归化 / 异化讨论,笔者同样想借用两个图表来揭示它们之间的差异: 1 .( If translation is carried out on the dimension of linguistics ) 2. (If translation is carried out on the dimension of cultural studies) 上述图表说明了传统意义上的异化 / 归化和现代意义上的异化 / 归化具有不同的功能与目的,在汉语中我们用同样的词语来表示它们,但在英语中,语言层面的归化 / 异化是用 assimilation (adaptation) / alienation 来表达的 , 而文化层面的归化 / 异化是用 domesticating/ foreignzing 来表达的。当然,我们也可象处理文化一词一样,用首字母大写的 Domesticating/ Foreignzing 来指作为文化策略的归化和异化,用首字母小写的 domesticating/foreignizing 来指当今文化层面上的直译。小写字母的归化 / 异化是意译 / 直译的延伸与发展,而大写字母归化 / 异化是意译 / 直译的革命,开拓了翻译研究的新的领域。In English and Chinese, alienation and the content of naturalization Just how wide » Alienation / naturalization translation of the results can not be used to describe the shape and spirit likeness. Alienation and naturalization is a strategy, in practice, the literal translation, to translate, by translation, and other methods may be used. As a proprietary translation of the term, Foeignizing translation / domesticating translation only in the latest academic works in English have described. And free translation / literal translation are not. "Read a translation of translation is to the alienation or translation, depends entirely on the cultural patterns of the reconstruction, translation in this form are in production and sales; What is the naturalization or alienation only taking into account the change in the target language and cultural relations between the value of When can be defined. "[2] (Mona Baker, 1998:243) "At present in the 'naturalization' awareness of the problem, the translation industry colleagues naturalization law should distinguish between the two premises: First, faithfully under the principles of naturalization, the non-faithful under the prerequisite of naturalization. The former general is to provide sexual , While the latter is descriptive of the former is the original language of the Centre, while the latter is the target language and cultural orientation of the target language. "(GE Xiao Qin, 2002: 33) This distinction is basically correct. However, we can for them to distinguish the nature of: faithfully under the principles of naturalization is the language level, the concern is the translation of the artistic effect, is a translation; non-faithful to the premise of the cultural dimension of care Is the translation of ideology, is a translation of the strategy. So far we discussed the existence of two different translation of alienation and naturalization, the first Venuti is the terminology, have mentioned earlier, and the other is China's repeated use of some of the naturalization / alienation, the author of assimilation in English (Adaptation) and adaptation to refer to them. In the translation of alienation and cultural performance for the thinking, from ideology to see the translation of literary and cultural impact of a literary criticism and philosophical context. Deconstruction of a post-colonial sense of alienation to the use of the word translation of the past few years, reflected in the practice of translation, mainly reflected in the form of written symbols for the performance of literary translation. Western scholars have generally used a chart to show Jerome's translation of the different nature of the distinction made [2], in accordance with the current translation on the naturalization / alienation of discussion, I would like to borrow the same two charts to reveal the differences between them: 1. (If translation is carried out on the dimension of linguistics) 2. (If translation is carried out on the dimension of cultural studies) Note the chart above the traditional sense of alienation / naturalization and the modern sense of alienation / naturalization have different functions and purposes, in Chinese, we use the same words to express them, but in English, the language level of naturalization / Alienation is assimilation (adaptation) / alienation to express, and cultural dimensions of the naturalization / alienation is domesticating / foreignzing to express. Of course, we can deal with culture as the word, with initial capital letters of Domesticating / Foreignzing to refer to as a cultural strategy of naturalization and alienation, using the lowercase first letter of domesticating / foreignizing to refer to the contemporary culture at the level of literal translation. Lowercase letters of naturalization / alienation is a free translation / transliteration of the extension and development, and capital letters naturalization / alienation is a free translation / transliteration of the revolution, opened up the translation of the new field of study.

106 评论(14)

伊月寒水20

归化和异化翻译中的认识摘 要:归化和异化是处理语言形式与文化因素的两种不同的翻译策略,它是意译和直译的进一步延伸,从二者的概念入手,用实例阐述了它们在翻译过程中相辅相成,并用互补的辩证关系。关键词:归化;异化;概念;辩证关系 1 归化、异化区别于意译、直译 异化和归化是在1995年由美国翻译理论家劳伦斯·韦努蒂(Lawrence Venuti)在《译者的隐形》(The Translators Invisibility)一书中提出来的。从历史上看,异化和归化可以视为直译和意译的概念延伸,但又不完全等同于直译和意译。直译和意译所关注的核心问题是如何在语言层面处理形式和意义,而异化和归化则突破了语言因素的局限,将视野扩展到语言、文化和美学等因素。按韦努蒂(Venuti)的说法,归化法是“把原作者带入译入语文化”,而异化法则是“接受外语文本的语言及文化差异,把读者带入外国情景”。(Venuti,1995:20)由此可见,直译和意译主要是局限于语言层面的价值取向,异化和归化则是立足于文化大语境下的价值取向,两者之间的差异是显而易见的,不能混为一谈。 2 归化、异化的概念 归化(domestication)是指在翻译中采用透明、流畅的风格,最大限度地淡化原文的陌生感的翻译策略(Shuttleworth&Cowie,1997:43-44)。它应尽可能的使源语文本所反映的世界接近目的语文化读者的世界,从而达到源语文化与目的语文化之间的“文化对等”。 异化(foreignization)是指偏离本土主流价值观,保留原文的语言和文化差异(Venuti,2001:240);或指在一定程度上保留原文的异域性,故意打破目标语言常规的翻译(Shuttleworth&Cowie,1997:59)。它主张在译文中保留源语文化,丰富目的语文化和目的语的语言表达方式。 用通俗的语言概括,即归化法要求译者向译语读者靠拢,采取译语读者习惯的译语表达方式,来传达原文的内容;异化法则要求译者向作者靠拢,采取相应于作者使用的原语表达方式,来传达原文的内容。 3 归化和异化并用互补、辩证统一 有些学者认为归化和异化,无论采取哪一种都必须坚持到底,不能将二者混淆使用。然而我们在实际的翻译中,是无法做到这么纯粹的。翻译要求我们忠实地再现原文作者的思想和风格,而这些都是带有浓厚的异国情调的,因此采用异化法是必然;同时译文又要考虑到读者的理解及原文的流畅,因此采用归化法也是必然。选取一个策略而完全排除另一种策略的做法是不可取的,也是不现实的。它们各有优势,也各有缺陷,因此顾此失彼不能达到最终翻译的目的。 我们在翻译中,始终面临着异化与归化的选择,通过选择使译文在接近读者和接近作者之间找一个“融会点”。这个“融会点”不是一成不变的“居中点”,它有时距离作者近些,有时距离读者近些,但无论接近哪一方,都要遵循一条原则:接近作者时,不能距离读者太远;接近读者时,不能距离作者太远。即异化时不妨碍译文的通顺易懂,归化时不失去原文的味道,同时,我们应坚持对语言形式采取归化的策略,而对其文化因素进行异化处理。这样,译文作品可兼两策略之长而避其短,使两者有共同发展的空间。由此,在实际翻译过程中归化与异化应该是相辅相成,并有互补的辩证统一关系。 4 从实例中看归化和异化的关系 我们可以在翻译中体会一下二者的关系: (1)胡太太叹了口气,看见胡国光还是一肚子心事 似的踱方步。“张铁嘴怎么说的?”胡太太惴惴的问。 ——“很好,不用瞎担心了,我还有委员的福分呢!” ——“么事的桂圆?”妻子没听清楚他的话。(茅盾《动摇》) 译文:——“He gave me a very good news. We need not worry about a job. I have the possibility of being a member of Committee! ” ——“Whats common tea?” asked the wife, who only vaguely caught the sound. (钱歌川译) 译者用目的语的语言表达形式清晰准确地传达原文的意思,属于归化译法。在处理带有源语文化特点的“委员”与“桂圆”的谐音时用异化的方法将其译为“Committee”与 “common tea”的谐音。两种译法的结合使译文通顺流畅,自然贴切,毫无斧凿之痕,达到了“情与貌,略相似”。转 (2)She could not desert Tara she belonged to the red acres far more than they could ever belong to her.(M. Mitchell: Gone with the Wind, p. 20) 译文:她不会放弃塔拉;她属于这些红土地,远比它们属于她更加真实。 上述的译文是按照原文的句法结构把far more than... 译成“远比它们属于她更加真实”,语言表达较生硬,意思不明确,让读者难理解。因此用归化法将其译成这样,似乎更合适:她不能放弃塔拉,这块红土地是属于她的,而她更是永远属于这块红土地。 (3)As I remained in the Third Fourth three times as long as anyone else, I had three times as much of it. I learned it thoroughly. Thus I got into my bones the essential structure of the ordinary English sentence——which is a noble thing. (W. Churchill:“Harrow”) 译文:因为我在四年级三班待得时间是别人的三倍,所以我所受的这种训练也是别人的三倍。我掌握得很彻底。就这样,普通英语句子的基本结构便深入到我的骨髓里——这可是件了不起的事。 get something into ones bones 意思是“牢固掌握”,如果这样归化翻译就舍弃了原文的形象语言,显不出原文的味道来。译者用异化法将其译为“深入到我的骨髓里”显得很生动。 (4)High buildings and large mansions are springing up like mushrooms in Beijing. 译文:在北京,高楼大厦犹如雨后春笋般地涌现。 将“like mushrooms ”译为“雨后春笋”符合中国的地貌风情和语言表达习惯。如果异化译法把它译为“犹如蘑菇般”,虽然体现了原文的风格,但是会让中国的读者难以接受。 小结 归化和异化只是翻译的一种策略,一种手段,无论是归化多些还是异化多些,只要我们在翻译的过程中能将二者结合得很好,将其辩证统一的关系充分体现,既再现了原作的风格,又结合了读者的文化及语言习惯,就是成功的翻译。

150 评论(12)

berber1215

归化(domestication)是指遵守目标语言文化当前的主流价值观,公然对原文采用保守的同化手段,使其迎合本土的典律,出版潮流和政治需求(Venuti,2001:240)〔1〕;或指在翻译中采用透明、流畅的风格(transparent,fluentstyle),最大限度地淡化原文的陌生感(strangeness)的翻译策略(Shuttleworth&Cowie,1997:43-44)〔2〕。主张以目的语文化为归宿的“归化派”提出译文不仅要克服语言的障碍,还要克服文化的障碍,而译者的责任之一就是避免文化冲突。同时,译者也是“传播者”,他不应对读者的智力和想象力提出过高的要求,而应尽可能的是源语文本所反映的世界接近目的语文化读者的世界,从而达到源语文化与目的语文化之间的“文化对等”。异化(foreignization)是指偏离本土主流价值观,保留原文的语言和文化差异(Venuti,2001:240)〔1〕;或指在一定程度上保留原文的异域性(foreignness),故意打破目标语言常规的翻译(Shuttleworth&Cowie,1997:59)〔2〕。主张在译文中保留源语文化的“异化派”提出翻译的主要目的是文化间的交流,源语文化将会丰富目的语文化和目的语的语言表达方式。读者的阅读目的也包括想了解异国文化,译者应相信读者的智力和想象力能理解异国文化的特异之处〔3〕。

170 评论(8)

蓝梦蝶朵丽卡

DomesticationAlienation

239 评论(15)

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