pompeii的英文概述

The site of Pompeii is located in western Italy in a region called Campania, near the Bay of Naples. With the coast to the west and the Apennine Mountains to the east, Campania is a fertile plain, traversed by two major rivers and blessed with soil rich in phosphorus and potash. In ancient times, the region's crop yield was six times higher than the average of the rest of the peninsula. Campania was so fertile that some areas had up to three grain crops per year. The region also hosted some of Italy's chief olive groves, and the mountains nourished thousands of sheep. Though little is known about Campania's first settlers, the first people to settle in this region were probably prehistoric hunters, gatherers and fishers. By at least the eighth century B.C., a group of Italic people known as the Oscans occupied the region; they most likely established Pompeii, though the exact date of its origin is unknown. Ionians also settled in Campania during the eighth century B.C. Their Greek settlements began as a series of small trading posts, but soon grew into successful merchant cities that eventually dominated the area. For a few centuries the inhabitants of Campania remained under Hellenic control, with Pompeii and the nearby city Herculaneum the center of Greek occupation. During the fifth century B.C. a group of warriors from Samnium, a region north of Campania, invaded the latter region and seized control of Pompeii. Rome, vying with the Samnites over control of the Italic peninsula, drove the Samnites out in the fourth century B.C. and took Pompeii as its own ally about 290 B.C.Rome's control over Pompeii was distant - the city was allowed to retain its own language and culture, but was required to admit itself subject to Rome without benefiting from the status of Roman citizenship. Pompeii reluctantly accepted this situation for centuries; finally, when the Social War began in 90 B.C., they saw a chance at freedom and joined forces with other Roman "allies" ag