哇哇叮咕
英语基础知识有如下:
1、字母:英文有26个字母,分成5个元音字母 a,e,i,o,u 和其余的21个辅音字母。
2、音素:音素是英语读音的最小单位。英语有22个元音音素和28个辅音音素。
3、音素字母:音素字母是音素的标记符号,根据英语读音规则,精选50个字母和字母组合,代表50个音素。传统的英语学习方法是用国际音标或K.K.音标来标记音素。比如前元音长音的标记符号,国际音标[i:],K.K.音标[i] ,音素字母[ee]。
4、音节:音节是读音的基本单位。元音是音节的主体,元音和它前面的辅音构成不间断音,在朗读时不能间断。任何单词的读音,都是分解为一个个音节朗读。音节分成重读音节、次重读音节和轻读音节。
1)、重读音节:按重读音节的读音规则读音,重读的音节。
2)、次重读音节:按重读音节的读音规则读音,但不重读的音节。
3)、轻读音节:按轻读音节的读音规则读音,不重读的音节。
在重读音节和次重读音节中,根据元音字母 a,e,i,o,u 的读音,划分以下5种音节类型:
(1)、开音节:有三种开音节,一种叫绝对开音节,即在元音字母后没有辅音字母,如:we
我们,no不。第二种叫相对开音节,即在元音字母后有一个辅音字母(r除外),还有一个不发音的字母e,如:name名字,like象。第三种是一个元音字母后有一个不发音的e。如:die死,keep保持。
(2)、闭音节:元音字母后有辅音字母(r除外)构成的音节。如map 地图,bed 床。
(3)、-r音节:元音字母与辅音字母-r结合构成的音节。如:car 汽车,park 公园。
(4)、-re 音节:元音字母与 -re 结合构成的音节。如:care 照料,here 这里。
(5)、元音字母组合音节:由元音字母和元音字母组合。如:wait 等候,tea 茶。 辅音字母在单词中的读音不分音节类型,读字母读音的辅音,如:b[bee]读[b],f[ef]读[f]。
不忘初心258
我这有冠词和名词的。(一)、定冠词the的用法 1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。 Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。 2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 Open the window please. 请把窗户打开。(双方都知道指的是哪一扇窗户) 3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。 There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. 窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女,怀里抱着一个婴儿。 4.指世界上独一无二的事物。 Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太阳、地球和月亮哪一个最大? 5.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。 The first truck is carrying a few baskets. 第一辆卡车装运一些筐。 6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great wall长城,the Summer Palace颐和园, the People’s Farm人民农场,the Science Museum科学馆 7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。 the rich富人 the poor穷人 the sick病人 the old老人, the young年轻人 the blind盲人 the dead死人 8.用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。 The Turners are going home on a train. 特纳夫妇在回家的火车上。 9.用在方位词前。 on the left/right在左/右边 in the east/west/north/south在东/西/北/南方 at the back/front of在……的后/前面 10.用在乐器名称前。 Do you like playing the piano or the violin? 你喜欢弹钢琴还是喜欢拉小提琴? 11.用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派名词前。 the East China Sea 东海the Huai River 淮河 the Jinggang Mountains 井冈山the United States of American 美国 12.用在某些固定词组中。 all the same 仍然all the time 一直 all the year round 一年到头at the age of 在……岁时 at the beginning of 起初; 开始at the end of 在……的尽头/末尾 at the entrance of 在……门口at the foot of 在……脚下 at the head of 在……的前面at the moment 此刻 at the same time 同时by the side of 在……附近 by the time 到时候by the way 顺便说 catch the post 赶上邮班do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服 give...the message 捎口信给……go to the classroom 去教室 in the end 最后;终于in the hat 戴帽子的 in the middle of the day 中午in the morning/afternoon / evening 在上午/下午/晚上 in the open air 在户外;在野外jump the queue 不按次序排队 lead the way to 引路;指路look the same 看起来很像 on the earth 在地球上tell the truth 说实话 the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天 the high jump 跳高the long jump 跳远 the next day 第二天the next year下一年 the people 人民the starting line起跑线 不用冠词的情况 1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。 I’m going to England next week for a holiday.下周我将要去英国度假。 2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词my, your, his, her等;指示代词this/ these, that/those; 不定代词some, any等及所有格限制时。 The letter is in her pocket. 信在她的衣袋里。 3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My father and mother are teachers. 我的父亲和母亲是教师。 4.在星期、月份、季节、节日前。 The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. 到中国来的最好时间是春季或秋季。 Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teacher’s Day. 今天是九月十日,星期四,教师节。 [注意] 如果月份、季节等被一个限定性定语修饰,则要加定冠词。 He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。 5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。 Happy Teachers’ Day, Miss Zhao! Here it is, Mom! 6.在学科名称、三餐饭和球类运动名称前。 I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. 我认为汉语比其它学科更普及。 Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗?We are going to play football. 我们去踢足球。 [注意]I can see a football.(指足球,并非“球类运动”) Where’s the football. 7.某些固定词组中不用冠词。 ①与by连用的交通工具名称前 by bus, by car, by bike, by train, by air/plane, by sea/ship ②名词词组 day and night, brother and sister, hour after hour, here and there ③介词词组 at home在家in surprise惊奇地 at noon在中午on foot步行 at night在晚上on duty值日 at work在工作on time准时 for example例如on business经商 in school在上学on holiday在度假 in class在上课on show展览 in hospital在住院on top of在……顶部 in bed在床上 ④ go短语 go home回家go to bed上床睡觉 go to school去上学go to work去上班 go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼 参考资料: 名词:不知道你是初中生,还是高中生,下面的资料几乎全面讲述了可数名词和不可数名词,如果是高中生,相信会收获颇丰的,如果是初中生,就适当选择阅读。 名词是表示人或物的名称的词,可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词由表示某一类人或物的个体的个体名词、表示由若干个体组成的集合体的集体名词、表示无法分为个体的实物的物质名词、以及表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的抽象名词组成;专有名词则是个人、地方、机构、组织等所专有的名称。 1.1 可数名词与不可数名词(Countable nouns and uncountable nouns) 从词的形式来看,英语名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。可数与不可数是英语名词的最基本类别。一般说来,个体名词是可数名词;物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词是不可数名词;集体名词则有的可数, 有的不可数。 1.1.1 可数名词与不可数名词(Countable nouns and uncountable nouns) a. 可数名词有单、复数形式,单数形式可用a/ an; 不可数名词没有复数形式,单数形式前不用a/ an,但可用the或不用。例如: Tom is a little boy. There are 20 boys in our class. Fish and poultry are usually not called meat. I'll pay for the meat. b. 名词的数影响句子中与之有关的谓语动词、限定词等。例如: There are many/ some/ a lot of/ (a) few people in the park. There are not many/ any people in the park. There is much/ some/ a lot of/ (a) little/ a great deal of/ a fair amount of water. There is not much/ any water. c. 下列名词常用作不可数名词: accommodation, advice, baggage, behavior, bread, cash, cloth,clothing, coal, equipment, fun, furniture, grass, harm, information, ink, knowledge, labour, laughter, leisure, luck, lightning, living, luggage, machinery, meat, money, news, paper, permission, popularity, progress, rice, scenery, soap, sugar, tea, traffic, travel, trouble, thunder, weather, work等。 1.1.2 可数名词与不可数名词之间的相互转化(Conversion of uncountable into countable and countable into uncountable) 可数名词与不可数名词在一定条件下可以相互转化。 a. 物质名词一般是不可数的,但用来表示具体、个别事物,或表示各种不同品种时,通常是可数的,如different coffees, various soaps。再看以下例子: Do you care for tea? Long-jing is a well-known tea. We were not allowed to buy wine at lunch time. I like wines. b. 抽象名词一般是不可数的,但当它前后有修饰语表示"某一种"或"某一方面"的抽象概念时,其前可加a/ an。例如: A good map would be a help. It was a relief to sit down. He had a good knowledge of mathematics. c. 某些物质名词或抽象名词用作复数时,词义往往起变化。例如: Light(光)travels faster than sound. The lights(灯)are on. He is a teacher of five years' experience(经验). He is relating to us his experiences(经历)as an explorer. d. 有些集体名词,如audience, committee, class, couple, crew, family, team, government, jury, party, public等,既可作单数, 又可作复数。把集体视为一个整体时,用作单数;指该集体 的各个成员时,用作复数。例如: The audience is enormous. The audience are enjoying every minute of the play. His family is small. My family are all doctors. 1.2 复数(Plural) 1.2.1 英语名词的复数构成(Formation of the plural of English nouns) a. 英语可数名词的规则复数形式,是在词尾加-s。例如: desks, maps, lakes, workers, fields, days, miles, pages, horses b. 如词尾为ch, sh, ss或x,在词尾加-es。例如: church→churches, bush→bushes, class→classes, box→boxes c. 如词尾为-f或-fe,一般变为-ves; 有的加-s即可;而有的 则既可变为-ves,又可只加-s。例如: calf→calves, half→halves, knife→knives, leaf→leaves, life→lives, loaf→loaves, self→selves, shelf→shelves, thief→thieves, wife→wives, wolf→wolves; belief→beliefs, chief→chiefs, roof→roofs, safe→safes, handkerchief→handkerchiefs; hoof→hooves/ hoofs, scarf→scarves/ scarfs, wharf→wharves/ wharfs d. 如词尾为-y,则变y为i,再加-es。例如: party→parties, factory→factories, family→families e. 如词尾为o,有的加-es;有的加-s;有的则既可加-es,又可只加-s。例如: echo→echoes, hero→heroes, potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes; radio→radios, piano→pianos, photo→photos, zoo→zoos; buffalo→buffalo(e)s, cargo→cargo(e)s, mosquito→mosquito(e)s, volcano→volcano(e)s f. 表示字母、数字及其它词类的复数时,词尾常加-'s,有时只加-s。例如: Her J's look like T's. Since the beginning of the 90's, the town has changed a lot. Don't interrupt me with your buts. g. 一些不规则变化的名词复数形式: child→children, foot→feet, goose→geese, man→men,mouse→mice, ox→oxen, tooth→teeth, woman→women h. 有些以-s结尾的名词通常只有复数形式: scissors, goods, trousers, clothes, pants, spectacles;belongings, findings, savings, surroundings;contents, mumps, measles, stairs i. 有些集体名词用作复数: cattle, police, people, militia, poultry 1.2.2 源自希腊文或拉丁文的外来词(Words of Greek or Latin origin) 一些外来词有以下的复数变化形式: a. 词尾-is变成-es: analysis→analyses, basis→bases,crisis→crises b. 词尾-um变成-a: curriculum(课程)→curricula, datum(资料,数据)→data, medium(媒体)→media c. 词尾-on变成-a: criterion(标准)→criteria/ criterions , phenomenon→phenomena d. 词尾-us变成-i: nucleus→nuclei, stimulus→stimuli, syllabus(教学大纲)→syllabi e. 词尾-a变成-ae: antenna(天线)→antennae/ antennas, formula(准则,公式)→formulae f. 词尾-ix/ -ex变成-ices: appendix(附录)→appendices, index(索引)→indices/ indexes 1.2.3 具有两种不同意义的复数形式(Two forms of the plural with differentiated meaning) 有些名词的复数具有两种不同意思,一个与单数的意思相同,另一个则为别的意思。例如: arms手臂(复数);武器 customs习惯(复数);关税 minutes 分钟(复数);记录 1.2.4 单数形式(Singular form) a. 有的名词单复数同形: Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, means, series, species,以及jin (斤)、li(里)、yuan(元)等汉语译名。例如: one sheep/ two sheep b. 有些以-s结尾的学科名词或国名,作单数用: phonetics(语音学),physics,optics(光学),politics; the United States, the United Nations, the Netherlands等。 c. 有些和数词连用的名词,表示复数时仍保持单数形式: a ten-pound baby, a twelve-foot pole, two dozen eggs, three million dollars 1.2.5 复合名词(Compound nouns) a. 句法复合名词的复数形式: 1)词尾加-s: bedrooms, bookcases 2)前后两个名词均需变为复数: manservant→menservants, woman doctor→women doctors 3)少数复合名词可在第一或第二个词后加-s: attorney general→attorneys general/ attorney generals 4)名词后加-s: looker-on→lookers-on, son-in-law→sons-in-law 5)词尾加-s: grown-up→grown-ups,sit-in→sit-ins 6)动词-ing形式后加-s: coming-in→comings-in b. 衔头、称谓的复数形式: the two Browns, Drs.William and Henry Brown 1.3 单位名词(Unit nouns) 单位名词用来表示不可数名词的个体性,即使之能以个数计算;也能与可数名词搭配表示"一双","一群"等意义。除了搭配能力很强的piece和bit以外,还有表示形状、容积、重量以及表示成双、成群的单位名词。例如: a piece/ bit of advice/ bread/ information/ news; a bar of chocolate/ a cake of soap/ a loaf of bread/ a pack of cigarettes; a bag of flour/ a basket of fruit/ a pound of butter/ a yard of fabric; a couple of players/ a flock of birds/ a pair of shoes/ a swarm of bees等。 1.4 名词属格(Genitive nouns) 英语名词有两种属格:-'s属格和of-属格。例如: What is the school's name? What is the name of the school? 1.4.1 -'s属格和of-属格(-s genitive and of genitive) a. 两种属格表示的意义 1)所有关系: Mr Brown's suitcase (相当于Mr Brown has a suitcase.) the trunk of an elephant (相当于An elephant has a trunk.) 2)主谓关系: Dr Smith's answer (相当于Dr Smith answered---) the claim of the buyers (相当于The buyers claimed---) 3)动宾关系: the boy's punishment (相当于--- punished the boy.) the occupation of the Island (相当于--- occupied the island.) 4)事物的来源: the girl's story (相当于a story told by the girl) the laws of Newton (相当于the laws advanced by Newton) 5)事物的类别: a doctor's degree (相当于a doctoral degree) women's magazines (相当于magazines for women) 6)同位关系: the city of New York (相当于New York is a city.) the pleasure of meeting you (相当于Meeting you is a pleasure.) 7)其它: 10 days' absence/ an absence of 10 days (相当于The absence lasted 10 days.) parts of the problem (相当于The problem is divisible into parts.) b. -'s属格的使用: 1)主要用于表示有生命的名词,如women's clothes, the horse's mouth等。 2)用于国家机关、社团及一些地理名称,如the government's plan, Europe's future等。 3)用于交通工具等,如the ship's bell, the car's engine 等。 4)用于表示时间、距离、价值和重量的名词,如a moment's thought, seven hours' walk, six dollars' worth, two tons' weight 等。 5)常用于一些习惯用语中,如in my mind's eye, in life's struggle等。 c. of-属格的使用: 主要用于表示无生命的名词,如the events of the decade, the door of the hut等。 d. -'s属格的省略: -'s属格后的名词有以下情况可以省略: 1)被修饰名词在句中已出现过,例如: His car is faster than his father's (car). 2)被修饰名词表示某人的家,例如: The doctor's (house) is on the other side of the street. 3)被修饰名词表示教堂、学校等公共建筑物,例如: Joe lives near St. Paul's (Cathedral) in London. 4)被修饰名词表示某家店铺,例如: Pickled vegetables are available at the grocer's. 1.4.2 双重属格(Double genitive) 兼有两种属格结构的后置修饰语叫做双重属格。 a. 双重属格用来表示的所有关系是人,不是物。例如: a/ any friend of mine (=one/ any of my friends) some daughters of Mrs Green's (=some of Mrs Green's daughters) two novels of Dickens' (=two of Dickens' novels) 上面的例子说明,双重属格可用a, any, some 及数词等修饰of 短语前面的名词,但不能用the,如不能说" the daughters of Mrs Green's"。 b. 双重属格还常用this,that,these 和those 修饰of短语前面的名词, 以表示爱憎褒贬等情感。例如: this idea of yours that remark of David's these shoes of my sister's those dirty hands of Peter's
怀念橡皮筋
基础英语知识点大全
在我们平凡的学生生涯里,相信大家一定都接触过知识点吧!知识点就是一些常考的内容,或者考试经常出题的地方。那么,都有哪些知识点呢?下面是我收集整理的基础英语知识点,欢迎阅读与收藏。
第一部分、基础知识
1.字母:26个字母的大小写
大写:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
小写:abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
2.语音:元音的发音 五个元音字母:AEIOU
12个单元音:长元音:/ɑ:/,/ :/,/ :/, /i:/,/u:/
短元音:/ / /e/ /i/ / / /∧/ /u/ / /
3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词
4.句子:大小写,标点符号
第二部分、语法知识
一、名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以―辅音字母+y‖结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以―f或fe‖结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men,
woman-women,
policeman-policemen,
policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children,
foot-feet,
tooth-teeth,
fish-fish,
people-people,
Chinese-Chinese,
Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
1.有生命的东西的名词所有格:
(1) 单数后加 ‘s 如: Lucy‘s ruler my father‘s shirt
(2)以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ‘如: his friends‘ bags
(3)不以s 结尾的复数后加 ‘s children‘s shoes
并列名词中,如果把 ‘s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有;
如:Tom and Mike‘s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加‘s.
如:Tom‘s and Mike‘s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
2.表示无生命东西的名词通常用― of +名词‖来表示所有关系:
如:a picture of the classroom a map of China
二、冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:
(一) 不定冠词:a / an
元音读音开头的`可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an hour an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(二)定冠词:the
定冠词的用法:
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
2.复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
3.谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren‘t at school.
4.在序数词前: John‘s birthday is February the second.
5.用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况:
(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can‘t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It‘s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.
(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
三、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级
(一)、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则:
⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;
⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;
⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;
⑷ 以―辅音字母+y‖结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)
四、 数词:基数词,序数词
(一)基数词
1.1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
2.21-99
先说―几十‖,再说―几‖,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
3.101—999
先说―几百‖,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
4.l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个―,‖,第一个―,‖前为thousand.第二个―,‖前为million,第三个―,‖前为billion 1,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
(二)序数词
1.一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
2.不规则变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
3.以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
4.从二十一后的―几十几‖直至―几百几十几‖或―几千几百几十几‖只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基数词转为序数词的口诀: 基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等
(一).at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)
(二).on表示具体日期。
注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整个周末
during the weekend在周末期间
(2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas
(3)在(刚……)的时候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents. 一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
(三).in.表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
六、动词:
动词的四种时态:
(一)一般现在时:
一般现在时的构成
1.be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 动词+s的变化规则
(1)一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
(2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以―辅音字母+y‖结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(二)一般过去时:
动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:
1.、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry
– carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(三)一般将来时: 基本结构:
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(四)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
第三部分、句 法
一、陈述句
(一)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I‘m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
(二)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I‘m not a student. She is not(isn‘t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn‘t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren‘t) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won‘t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn‘t) watch TV yesterday evening.
二. 疑问句
(一)一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用―yes‖,或―no‖来回答。
(二)特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用―yes 、no‖来回答。
(三)There be句型
There be 句型与have, has的区别:
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is 主语是复数,be 动词用are 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语 ?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What‘s + 介词短语?