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高考 : 2017高考英语词汇辨析：first与at first的用法区别
【提要】高考 : 2017高考英语词汇辨析：first与at first的用法区别
高考英语词汇辨析：first与at first的用法区别
一、从词性上看区别
first可用作形容词或副词，有时还可用作代词;而at first作为介词短语，只起副词用作用(在句中用作状语)。如：
First class is the most expensive way to travel. 坐头等舱是最贵的旅行方式。(first为形容词，在句中用作定语)
This is the first time I have heard of such things. 这是我第一次听到这样的事。(first为形容词，在句中用作定语)
You needn’t read the whole book hut you must read the first four chapters.你们不必把整本书全读完，但必须读完前四章。(first为形容词，在句中用作定语)
I asked them to ring first in case we were out. 我请他们先打电话来，以防我们不在家。(first为副词，在句中用作状语)
She’s always the first to arrive and the last to leave. 她总是第一个来，最后一个离开。(first为代词，可视为其后省略了one, person等之类的词)
His second suggestion was not much better than his first. 他的第二个建议比第一个好不了多少。(first为代词，可视为其后省略了suggestion)
At first we used hand tools. Later we had machines. 开始我们用手工工具，后来我们有了机器。(at first在此用作状语)
二、从用法上看区别
1. first的用法
first 用来说明顺序，意为“先……”，暗示接下去还有其他动作或事件要发生，因此其后往往接有(或暗示有) then, next, last 等词。如：
Think first, then act. 先想清楚再行动。
I’ll have to finish my homework first. 我得先把作业做完。
First (you) boil some water. Then (you) warm the teapot. Then (you) add three teaspoons of tea. Next, (you) pour on boiling water... 你先烧些开水，然后把茶壶烫热，接着放三勺茶叶，随后冲入开水……
John came home from work. First he read the paper for a while, then he got up from the chair and turned on the radio. 约翰下班回家，先看一会儿报，然后从椅子上站起来，打开收音机。
2. at first 的'用法
at first 的意思是“起初”“开始”，它主要用于强调前后对照，暗示接下去的动作与前面的动作不同甚至相反，因此常有 but, afterwards, soon, at last 等相呼应。如：
At first I didn’t want to go, but I soon changed my mind. 我开始不想去，但我很快就改变了主意。
The work was hard at first, but I got used to it. 起初这活儿很累，不过后来我习惯了。
At first they were very happy, but then things started going wrong. 起初他们生活得很幸福，但后来就开始出问题了。
At first I paid little attention, but slowly my interest awoke. 起初我没怎么注意，但逐渐产生了兴趣。
山东指纹锁
1.●calculate v. 计算， 核算 It has been calculated that …
eg. It has been calculated that at least 47000 jobs were lost last year.
(be) calculated to do sth. eg. The speech was calculated to win votes.
2. call v. 叫;喊;打电话 a girl called Mary a girl calling herself Mary
call on call at sp. call for call up call off call in
3. calm adj. 镇静的、沉着的 calm down v.使镇静 keep calm
4. camp n.营 v.野营;宿营 summer camp 夏令营 go camping 去野营
5. can 否定：cannot= can’t
can’t help doing = can’t help but do 禁不住
can not…too… = can never…too… 越…越好/再…也不为过
You can never be too careful when crossing the street.
6. care n. 照料;保管 take care of 照顾、保管 take care (that)…当心
v. 在乎;介意 I don’t care. 我不在乎/我不放在心上。
care for 喜欢;照顾 care about 关心;在乎
7. careful adj. 仔细的;小心的 be careful of… 当心,小心 listen carefully
8. carry v. 拿;搬;运;背 carry on 继续、进行 carry out 实施、执行
9. case n. 情况;案件;病例 in case +句子/in case of +名词 万一
in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话 in no case 绝不
as is often the case 事实往往如此 eg: As is often the case, women live longer than man.
10. ◎cash n. 现金 pay in cash /by check vt. 兑现 ~ a check
cash in on…从...获得利润 The shop are cashing in on temporary shortage by raising prices.
11.●cast v. 扔，抛，撒
cast your net wide cast about/ around for sth cast sb./ sth out
cast sb./ sth aside be cast away be cast down cast sth off
12. catch—caught—caught catch up with 赶上
catch sight of 看见 catch sb. doing 撞见/捉住某人做某事
catch one’s eye= attract one’s attention 引起某人注意;引人注目
13.●cater v. 提供(承办)酒席，满足需求
cater for sth/sb : The class caters for all ability ranges.
cater to sth/ sb: It catered for all tastes.
14. cattle n. 牛(总称)单复同形 The cattle are in the shed. 牛在牛棚里。
15. cause n. 原因、起因 cause and effect 因果
the cause of fire/cancer 火灾/癌症的起因
v. 引起;促使 The storm left, ____ a lot of damage to this area.
16. ◎cautious adj. 谨慎的 小心的 be cautious of/ about...
caution n. 谨慎 小心 with caution 小心地
vt. 警告...小心... caution sb. to do caution sb. against... 警告某人警惕 We were cautioned not to drive too fast.
17. celebrate v. 庆祝 celebrate one’s birthday celebrate Christmas
18.◎central adj. 中心的，中央的 central bank/government
1) 主要的，首要的 play a central role in… 在…起着主导作用。
centre n. in the centre of the room
v. centre on /upon/ round /around…把…当中心 使…成为中心
19.◎ceremony n. 典礼，仪式 1) attend a wedding ceremony
2) stand on ceremony 拘于礼节 without ceremony 粗鲁无礼，不拘礼节
20. certain adj. 确定的;无疑的 certainly adv.
be certain of= be sure of 对…确信的' be certain to do =be sure to do 一定会、必然
make sure/certain of… 保证、弄清楚 * It is certain that…
21.◎challenge face/ take up a challenge 面对/接收挑战
challenging adj 具有挑战性的 a challenging job
22. chance n. 机会;可能性 give sb. a chance 给…一次机会;
take a chance/chances 冒险;碰运气 by chance/accident 偶然;
There is a/no chance that… 有可能/不可能…
23. change v. 改变、变化; n. 变化;零钱(不可数)
change…into… 把……变成; change one’s mind 改变主意
Great changes have taken place in China. Do you have any change on/with you ?
24.●characteristic adj. 独特的 n. 特征 特点 a key characteristic of…
25. charge n./vt charge…for… 收/要价多少;
charge sb. with sth/doing 指控某人做了 get the phone charged 手机被充电;
The soldiers were charging forward bravely.战士们勇敢地向前冲。
take charge of 负责、管理 in charge of 负责;
in the charge of 被/由… 负责; free of charge 免费
26. chat v./n. 聊天;闲谈 chat—chatted—chatted—chatting
have a chat with sb. 与某人聊天; chat room 聊天室
27. check v./ n. 检查;核对;批改; 支票 by check 用支票支付
辨析： check examine
check 指核对某事物是否正确, examine 表检查、调查、审查等
check the answers check the mailbox 核实邮箱(看有没有信)
examine your body/eyes examine the machine
28. cheer n./vi. 欢呼;喝彩A great cheer went up from the crowd.
cheer sb on 为某人加油 cheer up 振作起来;高兴起来 Cheers ! 共同举杯
29. ◎cheerful adj 兴高采烈的，高兴地 a cheerful smile
30. cheque= check(美) 支票 in cash 付现金 by check/cheque 用支票支付
31. chicken c/n. 小鸡 u/n. 鸡肉 Would you like some chicken? 来点鸡肉怎么样? Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
不要在还没孵出小鸡之前先数鸡。(别指望过早;别打如意算盘)
32. chief adj. 主要的;首要的 n. 首领;领导人 chiefs (复数)
33. choice c/n. 选择; choose v. 选择 choose—chose—chosen
make a choice /make choices 做选择 have no choice but to do 除了…别无选择
We chose Bill as chairman. There are a lot of books to choose from.
34. Christmas Merry Christmas! on Christmas Eve;
at Christmas 圣诞节期间 on Christmas 在圣诞节这天
