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首页 > 英语培训 > 总结知识点英语

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林麓是吃货

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英语是一门很重要的学科,掌握好基础知识对英语学习有很大帮助。下面是整理的初中英语基本知识点,仅供大家参考。

英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态

1.主动语态表示是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者

如:Cats eat fish.(主动语态)猫吃鱼。

Fish is eaten by cats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。

2.被动语态的构成

由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成

助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。

如:English is spoken in in many countries.

英语被很多国家使用。

This bridge was built in 1989.

这座桥是1989年建造的。

3.被动语态的用法

当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。

1.a/an用于单数可数名词前,a用于以辅音音素开头的词前,an用于以元音音素开头的词前。

2.the既可用于可数名词前,又可用于不可 数名词前,表示特指。

解读2:数词a/an+量词+of+名词"结构中,若数词超过"1”,量词应用复数形式。该结构作主语时,谓语动词与量词的形式保持一致。

关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点,where在定语从句作地点状语。例如:

During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.

春节期间,我回到了生我养我的家乡。(where的先行词是town)

This is the place where Li Bai once lived.

这是李白曾经生活过的地方。(where先行词是place)

1.who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。

I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。

2.whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。例如:

Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗

The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。(在非正式英语中,主格who代替了宾格whom,亦可省略)

Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字,你知道吗 (关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which,意思是:the window of the hotel。)

关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间,when在定语从句作时间状语。例如:

In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.

北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。(when先行词是months)

Do you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace

你还记得我们第一次去颐和园的那一天吗 (when先行词是day, 当代英语里when可以用that替代,这时关系代词that就变成了表示时间的关系副词)

I haven’t seen her since the year when I left Tokyo.

自从我离开东京的那一年我就一直没见到过她。(when先行词是year,同样when可以用that代替)

总结知识点英语

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墨墨姐姐

英语对于现在的中国学生来说已经成为了一种重要的语言。英语作为一种语言,本身就是一个系统,需要靠英语语法来规范,接下来我为你整理了英语简单语法知识点,一起来看看吧。

there be 句型,be going to 结构

1. Be going to 结构,表示打算,准备,计划做某事

结构:主语+be动词+going to +动词原型

I am going to make a bookcase.

They are going to paint it.

The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.

变疑问句将be动词移到句首

Are you going to make a bookcase?

Are they going to paint it?

Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?

变否定句在be动词后面加not

I am not going to make a bookcase.

They are going to paint it.

The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.

肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I am. No, I am not.

Yes, they are. No, they are not.

Yes, he is. No, he is not.

特殊疑问句

What are you going to do?

What are they going to do?

What is the father going to do?

2. There be 句型:表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)

There is+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)

There is a book in this room.

There is a pen on the table

There are+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)

There are two pens on the table.

There are three schools there.

变疑问句将be动词移到句首

Is there a book in this room?

Are there two pens on the table?

变否定句在动词后面加not

There is not a book in this room.

There are not two pens on the table.

肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, there is. No, there is not.

Yes, there are. No, there are not.

选择疑问句:是指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择的句式

一种是以一般疑问句的结构形式为基础,只是在语调上有所区别。

例如:Would you like coffee or tea?

这一类选择疑问句通常都是在前一个供选择的答案用低升调,后一个用降调;如果有两个以上供选择的答案,则在最后一个用降调,其余都用低升调。

例如:

Would you like a gin,or a whisky,or a `beer?

你是要喝杜松子酒,还是威士忌酒,还是啤酒?

这种语调上的特征往往是区别选择疑问句和一般疑问句的重要标志。试比较:

Shall we leave at six or `seven?

我们是 6 点动身还是 7点动身?

Shall we leave at six or seven?

我们在6,7点钟动身好吗?

上述第一例是选择疑问句,其答案只能是两者之一。

We shall leave at six/seven.我们将在6点/7点动身。

上述第二例是一般疑问句,它的答案只是 yes/no,而且并不肯定是6点或7点,甚至可能既不是6点,也不是7点:

Yes,we shall leave at six or seven.是的,我们将在 6, 7点钟动身。

No.We must leave earlier.不。我们必须早点动身。

另一种选择疑问句是以特殊疑问句的结构形式为基础的,也是在语调上有所区别。

例如:Which vase shall I use, the short one or the tall one ? The tall one.

在选择疑问句中的冠词用法。

Is she a housewife or a nurse?(她是一个家庭主妇还是护士?)

其中,or后的不定冠词a/an 不能省略。

特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子。

常用的疑问词有:what who whose which when where how why等。

可先分为3种:

疑问代词:what,who,which,whose,whom

疑问副词:when,where,why,how

疑问形容词:what(which,whose)+名词

特殊疑问句有两种语序

1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:

疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分。

如:Who is singing in the room﹖ whose bike is broken﹖

2.如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:疑问词+一般疑问句语序?如:What class are you in﹖

What does she look like﹖

Where are you from﹖

What time does he get up every morning﹖

How do you know﹖

注意:

1.回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes / no,即问什么答什么,尤其是简略回答。如:

Who is from Canada﹖ Helen (is).

Where's the restaurant﹖ Near the station.

Why do you like koalas﹖ Because they are cute.

2.特殊疑问句一般读降调(↓)。

特殊疑问词

Who谁——Whose谁的(加se)

Why为什么

When什么时候

Where在哪里

Which哪一个

What什么 ( What time什么时间 What colour什么颜色)

How怎么样

How many多少{数量}

How much多少钱{价格},

多少(对不可数名词进行提问)

How long多长

How often多少次

How big多大

How heavy多重{重量}

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