藤原惠津子
Energy consumption and economic growth relationship has been of concern in society, a hot issue. Energy is the driving force of human development, whether it is a socialist country, or the capitalist countries the demand for energy as well as the development and use are all very seriously. Socialist countries, energy is a necessity, play a major driving force for nation-building, in the capitalist countries, energy is a country's economy a major influence. With the rapid development of modern economy, energy supply issues become increasingly prominent, and therefore the study of energy consumption and economic growth, the relationship between the very real economic significance. This choice of China's old industrial base of Liaoning Province in energy consumption and economic growth in statistical analysis. At present, the study of energy consumption and economic growth in the relationship between the research methods used by many domestic and foreign scholars controversial. Previous studies have mostly used the traditional method of modeling theory, the analysis of the economic variables are stationary time series. Along with social progress, scientific improvements, many economic variables have shown a non-stationary nature, so persuasive the conclusions of the relative decline. With the Engle - Granger (Engle-Granger) 1987 years of formal co-integration theory, making study the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, the conclusions of a more practical, and this method has also become a study of energy consumption and economic growth, the relationship between a popular trend. In this paper, in 1978, -2,008 years of China's Liaoning Province, the total coal consumption, oil consumption, water consumption, gas consumption and GDP in Liaoning Province based on data to conduct unit root tests, Granger causality inspection as well as the co-integration test. Based on vector autoregressive models, using impulse response function (impulse response function) and variance decomposition (forecast variance decomposition) analysis of Liaoning Province between energy consumption and economic growth, the dynamics of relevance, this paper all the data from the 2008 "Statistical Yearbook of Liaoning Province, . " All the variables in this article are a first-order single whole I (1), so they may exist between the cointegration relationship. They carried out after the Granger causality test, test results show that in the next 95% confidence level were rejected by four of the original hypothesis. Only the cointegration relationship between variables exist only when there is error correction model, so they are also to test the cointegration relationship between variables. Cointegration test results show that the characteristic roots trace test showed that the 5% significance level, there are four cointegrating vectors. Then cointegration and error correction model combining the establishment of a vector error correction model and VEC models. At last, the impulse response function for this assessment of the impact of specific variables on a variety of direction and extent of the reaction, the final variance decomposition enables us to further analyze the changes in specific variables relative importance of various shocks. After these empirical results show that the growth of energy consumption in Liaoning Province is the cause of economic growth, while economic growth, in turn, impact on the growth of energy consumption, the role is not significant. And concludes that the total coal consumption, oil consumption, water consumption, gas consumption and economic growth exists between long-run equilibrium relationship, but total consumption of coal than oil consumption, water consumption volume and the greatest impact on GDP growth. Natural gas consumption and the Liaoning Provincial GDP interaction is not significant. Liaoning Province, would like to continue to develop the economy, it must coordinate with the energy consumption, while ensuring enough energy to the case of an adequate economic development. With the development of society, energy, mining, energy savings and reduction in volume is not short of coal, oil, and scarce energy prices soaring, resulting in the cost of increasing the height of the price. Therefore, effective development and use of energy is imperative. How to solve the energy shortage and a better economic development, has become the most important issues. Through this analysis, the proposed use of Liaoning Province, adjust the industrial structure, strengthen energy planning, enhancing energy accessibility, energy conservation and develop new energy utilization measures to increase the level of energy consumption, sustainable economic development of Liaoning Province, helps a lot. Liaoning Province made a number of energy policy-making modest opinion.
憨丶小包
Energy consumption and economic growth has been on social issues of concern. Energy is the driving force of the development of human beings, whether a socialist country, or the capitalist countries for the development and utilization of energy demand and are quite seriously. Socialist national energy is a necessity, plays the main dynamic state construction, in the capitalist countries, energy is one of the main economic influence. Along with the rapid development of modern economy, energy supply problems, therefore, the energy consumption and economic growth have very realistic economic significance. This paper explores the old industrial base of China's liaoning province on energy consumption and economic growth of statistical analysis. At present, research on energy consumption and economic growth, the relationship between research methods used by many scholars both at home and abroad is controversial. Past research method with traditional modeling theory are analyzed, the economic variables are stable time sequence. Along with the progress of the society, science, many economic variables are shown, so the conclusion of non-stationary persuasive. With the Granger (the engel - Engle Granger - 1987) the co-integration theory study, energy consumption and economic growth, and the conclusion is more practical method has become the research of energy consumption and economic growth, the relationship between a popular trend. Using the 1978-2008 China's liaoning province coal consumption amount, oil consumption amount, water and electricity consumption amount, gas consumption amount and liaoning province based on the data of GDP, unit root test, granger causality test and cointegration test. Based on vector regression model, impulse response function impulse (5) and variance decomposition (hire those knowledgeable programmers variance decomposition forecast analysis) between energy consumption and economic growth, the dynamic correlation data from the whole of liaoning province statistics yearbook 2008.In this paper are all variables for a single whole I (1), so they may exist between the co-integration relationship. After they were granger causality test, the test results show that in 95% confidence level were refused around under the hypothesis. Only a co-integration relationship between variable exists, error correction model, so they inspected the cointegration relation between variables. Test results show that the cointegration tests showed the characteristics of trace root in 5% level, there are 4 GeXie whole vector. Then will co-integration theory and error correction model is established combined, vector error correction model and the VEC model. Finally, using the impulse response function for this particular variable to various impact assessment of reaction, finally direction and variance decomposition makes us further analysis of the specific variables in the changes of the relative importance of impact. After these empirical study results show that the energy consumption growth in liaoning province is the reason of economic growth, and in turn economic growth of energy consumption is not significant effects on the growth. And that the coal consumption amount, oil consumption amount, water and electricity consumption amount, gas consumption and economic growth of total exist long-run equilibrium relationship between the coal consumption, and the total amount of oil and water consumption than the total consumption of GDP growth is relatively large. And gas consumption amount of liaoning province and mutual influence GDP is not big.Liaoning to sustainable development of economy, it is necessary to coordinate well with the energy consumption and ensure sufficient enough energy in under the condition of economic development. With the development of society, the energy of the energy saving, nor short reduce quantity of coal, petroleum, and rare energy prices soaring commodity prices, lead to the cost of heightening. Therefore, effective formulation and utilization of energy is imperative. How to solve the energy shortage and better economic development, and became the most important question. Through the analysis of liaoning province, the paper suggested by the readjustment of industrial structure, strengthen energy plan, increase energy for energy conservation and exploitation ability, new energy and utilizationmeasure.
Jacksperoll
It mentioned that China has become the world's largest coal producer and consumption country.
湘剑狠皖
剩下的煤,是中国最重要和丰富的燃料. 因为它的优势,因为已知的缺陷煤炭明朗,中国能源统计的确是一个煤炭的事. 而最近的官方统计数字显示,在激增的煤炭生产和使用, 这些都需要加以看待,以批判的眼光,至少, 相比,主要指标有正相关. 最近年度和月度统计数据对经济增长,产出的工业产品,投资,价格等 讨论在以下章节中,展示的趋势,总体上是一致的趋势,煤炭, 提供支持的立场,方向,如果没有一定的准确程度, 在报告的发展趋势,在能源使用量是可信的. 有两种主要类型的煤炭市场. 第一次汇集了国有大矿,最大产几百万吨的产品,每年 大公司,往往是国有消费者,例如发电厂和钢铁冶炼厂. 这是煤炭卖给一般通过长期合同,长途运送. 其它煤炭市场是本地人,邀集小煤矿, 一些生产几百吨煤,每年少,而小型工业,住宅,商业和消费者的利益. 大型市场有一些雷同,在市场上的石油产品,产量,贸易和消费容易跟踪. 如同石油库存数字不详定期举行. 小规模的市场,另一方面,是低的特点,并有更明确的数额. 非国家,一般小煤矿,目前月产能约30% ,占煤炭产量(国际, 2002年) . 不准确的数据对地方煤炭市场已经复杂化,由政府的运动,关闭小 不安全的煤矿,从1997年开始的. 官方报告声称数以万计的小煤矿已关闭, 这个运动是伴随着巨大的下跌,报煤炭生产, 而略低的下降,煤炭消费量在90年代后期. 有相当多的证据,但 实际煤炭产量和使用不属于高达官方统计数字显示( sinton , 2001 ) . 因此,近期增长非常迅速,在煤炭产量不仅代表实际增长(即印证趋势 在经济和投资指标,如下所述) ,而且,它是有希望的, 回到更加可信报道.报告声称数以万计的小煤矿已关闭, 这个运动是伴随着巨大的下跌,报煤炭生产, 而略低的下降,煤炭消费量在90年代后期. 有相当多的证据,但 实际煤炭产量和使用不属于高达官方统计数字显示( sinton , 2001 ) . 这不一定是标准答案，但却是对的！！！！
爱生活的哒哒
软件翻译的都不能用，给你一个手工翻译的，仅供参考 ……于是煤就成为中国最重要、最丰富的燃料。由于煤所占的主导地位，同时也由于在煤炭统计数据方面众所周知的不足，因此关于中国能源统计数据可靠性的话题实际上就是关于煤的话题。虽然最近的官方统计显示煤的产量和用量猛增，但我们应该用审视的眼光去看待这些数据，而且起码还要参考其它相关的主要指标。在下面的章节中将要讨论经济增长、工业品产量、投资、物价等问题，关于这方面的年度、月度近期统计数据所显示的趋势与煤炭发展的趋势基本一致，从而为下述观点提供了支持，即目前所报道的能源使用趋势，即使不是在实际程度上，起码在发展方向上是可信的。煤炭市场主要有两类，第一类汇集了大型国有煤矿，其中最大的煤矿年产量可达数百万吨，用户通常是大型国有企业，如发电厂、钢铁厂等。此类市场的煤炭一般都通过长期合同销售，而且要经过长途运输。另一类市场是本地市场，它汇集了小型煤矿，有的煤矿年产量才几百吨或更少。用户主要是小型工业企业、居民和商业企业。大型市场与油品市场有些相似，产量、交易量和消费量很容易监控。但油料没有定期的库存数据。而小型市场特征不明显，有关数量方面存在很大的不确定性。民营煤矿（通常是小煤矿）目前约占全部煤产量的30%（国际文传电讯社 2002）。当地煤炭市场数据本来就不准确，政府从1997年以来开展的关闭不安全的小型煤矿的行动进一步影响了统计数据的准确性。官方的报告说已经关闭了数以万计的小煤矿，与此相对应的是所报道的90年代煤炭产量的急剧下降和煤炭消费量的减少。但有相当多的证据表明，实际上煤炭产量和消费量的下降幅度并不像官方统计(国际能源署 2001)的那样大。因此最近煤炭产量的迅速增长不仅仅反映了实际增长情况（这可以被经济和投资指标趋势所证实，详见下面的论述），希望还能反映出统计数据真实性的回归。
一碗小泡饭
角质层指数Y（mm） 粘结指数G 罗加指数R`I 奥亚膨胀度b 坩埚膨胀系数CSN 水分Mt（t为下标） 挥发分Vdaf（daf为下标）， 发热量Qgr，ad（下标） 发射率 R
