慵懒安静的阳光
介词在初中英语考试中是必考知识点,不少同学对介词的分类、用法都非常的模糊不知道那种情况用什么样的介词,下面为大家整理出来介词的具体分类和用法大全,帮助大家提升对介词的认识。
初中英语介词用法大全,介词用法归纳汇总
介词的定义
介词是一种虚词,不能独立充当 句子 成分,需与动词、形容词和名词搭配,才能在句子中充当成分。
介词是用于名词或代词之前,表示词与词之间关系的词类,介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。
介词 短语 中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词(如:动名词v-ing).介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。
介词的分类
一、表示时间的介词
(一)表示时间段的介词
(1)in , after
in +时间段,表示从现在起往后推算一段时间
after +时间段,表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间,如:
He’ll come back in two days. 但点钟用after( after three o’clock)
He left on July 2 and returned after three days.
(2)in , during
表示在一段特指的时间内,可用in 或during
The work was done in / during the holidays.
表示年份、月份、季节用in , 如:in 1999 ,in June , in winter
(3)in last, for the past + 时间段, during
表示在最近一段时间内,句中谓语动词常用现在完成时
I have been in Shanghai in the last few years.
(4)for 表示延续一段时间。
I’ll study in the U.S for two years
I’ve waited for Bingo for half an hour.
(二)表示某一时间的介词
(1)at, on
at 表示某一时刻,on 表示某一天或日期, 如:
at 7:14, on Saturday morning on the night of May2
一天内各段时间表达, 选用正确的介词,请比较:
in the morning
on a winter / snow / cold / morning
at night
on the night of March 7th
in the evening
on Friday evening
(2)before, by
before 表示某一时间之前,而by 表示到某一时间止,句中谓语动词多用完成时态。如::You must get up before six. 你必须六点之前起床。
By the end of last month the boy had got 4 “As”.
到上月底这个男孩已得了4个A.
(3)after , since
after 可以表示过去某一点时间之后,并不延续说话时间,和一般过去连用,而since表示从过去某时间开始的一段时间延续到说话时间, 与现在完时连用 如;
My father lived in Shanghai after liberation .
解放后我父亲住在上海.
Since the end of last year the lady has given five concerts.
自去年年底以来,这位女士开了五十场音乐会
(4)from…to, until / till
from----to表示从某一点时间到另一点时间的一段时间,而until till 表示某动作或状态延续到某点时间如:
My mother studied in Beijing University from 1960 to 1964.
从1960年到1964年我妈妈在北京大学学习。
My mother entered Beijing University in 1960, and studied there until 1964.
我妈妈1960年进入北京大学,一直学习到1964年。(但“从早到晚”常表达为from morning till night)
(三)不用介词表示时间的词或词组
含this, that, last, next 的表示时间的名词词组,以及某些时间的副词或名词词组前不用介词,如:this year last summer, yesterday , the day after tomorrow 等。
二、表示事物之间位置的介词
(1)at, in
当事物被视作一点,不强调其空间常用介词at, 而表示空间内部用介词in, 如:
We’ll meet at the supermarket 我们在超市见面
I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard
因为下大雨,我只好呆在超市里
动词arrive 后接at ,表示较小的地方, 如: 车站、村庄等.后接in 表示较大地方,如: 城市,地区等
(2)in, to
in 表示事物在区域范围内的位置,to 表示事物对区域范围之外另一事物的位置,如:
Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国东部
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。
in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范围内,in the front of 表示在前面.在同一范围内。
(3)after, behind
after 指顺序先后 ,behind 指位置在某事物之后,相对于in front of 而言, 如:
He entered the classroom after the teacher
He hid himself behind the door 他在门后。
(4)on , in
on 表示“在某事物表面上”。如将事物看作空间,表示在其内部,用介词in。
There is a modern painting on the wall .
There is a modern painting on the wall .
(5)from , off 都表示“离开”
(6)above , over, below , under
over , under 表示垂直的上下关系,而above, below 仅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”, 不表示垂直关系。
(7)between, among
between 表示“两个事物之间”, among 表示“三者以上的事物之间”。
三、表示运动方向的介词
(1)into, inside , in 从外到内 如:
He went quickly into / inside the room.
He went quickly into / inside the room.
(2)out of 从里到外,相当于outside, 或从里向外,相当于from
She went out of from the office in a hurry 她匆匆走出办公室.
The boy watched the buses, cars and bikes out from the window .
这男孩透过窗观看外面的公交车、小汽车和自行车。
(3)on 在……表面,onto 到……上
A boat is on the river. 一条小船在河上。
He jumped onto a tree. 他跳上一棵树
(4)across 穿过一平面、through 穿过一空间
The boy kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass.
这男孩用力踢球,球飞过草地。
The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。
(5)The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。
She walked to the bank 她步行到银行去
She swam towards the shore 她朝岸边游去。
四、常用介词用法比较
(1)as , like
as 表示“作为”强调身份,like (介词)表示“像”
As a teacher, he cares for these children.
Like a teacher, he cares for these children.
(2)with , in
with 表示“外貌特征或附带的东西” ,“ 用……作工具”
in 表示”衣着” ”用某语言”, 在固定搭配中也可用in
A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.
A man in black wanted to buy drinks.
The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.
He retold the text in English.
(3)for , to
for表示“为了.”
To 表示动作对象, “对, 向.” 如:
He would do anything for his motherland.
Did you mention this to my father?
你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?
for 表示“就某情况而说 ”, to 表示一“对某对象而言”如:
It’s quite warm today for February.就二月的天气,今天够暖和的。
What he told you just now was not new to me
他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜
for 表示“目的,用途”。与go, come动词连用,
(4)except , besides
except 表示“从总体中排除一部分”, 与bat 同义, besides 表示“除了一部分还有另一部分”
We all failed except him. 我们都失败了,但他没有。
He speaks German besides French.他懂法外还会讲英语。
(5)注意成对介词的用法:
get into (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of
(6)介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法:
to one’s surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on one’s way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green … put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, show…around, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,….
(7)表示加减乘除,分别用介词plus, minus, times 和动词过去分词divided + by
复习时需要注意的要点
(1) 介词一般放在名词之前,但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时,这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。
(2) 介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配,也就是说,在这些词的后面常常要求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注意。如:
a.动词+介词:laugh at, wait for
b.形容词、过去分词+介词:be good at, be prond of
c. 名词+介词:pay a visit to , the key to
介词的实战演练
例1 We will play football three o’clock.
A. In B. After
C. To D. since
答案: B
提示: 这四个选项的介词都可以表示时间,但含义和用法不同。in常用来表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后,after?可表示从过去为起点的一段时间之后,通常与过去时连用。但要注意after?也可以表示将来某一特定时刻之后。本题里after表示将来某一特定时刻。
例2 The story took place a cold night.
A. in B. after
C. to D. since
答案: B
提示: on通常指特定时期:或表示某一天的上午,下午,晚上等。句中的时间状语a cold night已表明在某个寒冷的夜晚,其前面应使用介词on。
例3 We will play football three o’clock.
A. In B. After
C. To D. since
答案: B
提示: 这四个选项的介词都可以表示时间,但含义和用法不同。in常用来表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后,after?可表示从过去为起点的一段时间之后,通常与过去时连用。但要注意after?也可以表示将来某一特定时刻之后。本题里after表示将来某一特定时刻。
例4 The story took place a cold night.
A. in B. after
C. to D. since
答案: B
提示: on通常指特定时期:或表示某一天的上午,下午,晚上等。句中的时间状语a cold night已表明在某个寒冷的夜晚,其前面应使用介词on。
例5 This is the bus the People’s Park.
A. at B. for
C. to D. towards
答案: B
提示: 四个选项的介词表达的意义不同。at表示“在某处,在……旁边”,for表示“(动身)去……处”,to表示“到……某处”,towards表示“向……某处”。
例6 —Are your parents workers?
—No, is a worker.
A. neither B. none
C. either D. both
答案: A
提示: neither是对两个人或事物的否定,谓语用单数形式;而both则是对两个人或事物的肯定,谓语用复数形式。
例7 The work cost us more than five weeks.(保持原意)
more than five weeks the work.
答案: We spent, on
提示: cost表示花费时间,只能用表示事物的词作主语,而spend也表示花费时句子主语必须是人。注意spend…on,表示在某事上花费。
例8 Beijing has a lot of old buildings. It also has a lot of new ones.(合并一句)
答案: Beijing has not only a lot of old buildings but also a lot of new ones
提示: 这道题主要掌握表示递进关系的连词词组。
例9 My brother likes skating.I like swimming.(合并一句)
答案: My brother likes skating but I like swimming.
提示: 这道题的两个句子主语不是同一个人,谓语动词之后的部分也不同,实际上是把喜欢的内容由一个方面转到另一个方面,所以用but把两个句子连接起来。
例10 He is too young to join the army.(改复合句)
答案: He is so young that he can’t join the army.
提示: so...that表示否定时可与too…to转换。
例11 There is a hole the wall.
A. in B. on
C. of D. with
答案: A
提示: 在墙的里面,用in the wall,而on the wall指在墙的表面上。
例12 English names are different Chinese names.
A. between B. of
C. from D. about
答案: C
提示: be different from表示“与……不同”,是一个固定词组。
例13 We always have a class meeting Monday afternoon.
A. at B. on
C. in D. of
答案: B
提示: 在某天的上午下午或晚上,介词应使用0n。
例14 Please write it ink
A. with B. in
C. by D. of
答案: B
提示: 如果表示用墨水写该用in,不能用with。
例15 I’ll return the book to the library I finish reading it
A. when B. if
C. as soon as D. as
答案: C
提示: 此句意思为我一看完这本书就还给图书馆,as 。
初中英语介词用法大全相关 文章 :
1. 初一英语语法用法复习大全
2. 初中英语语法总结之介词解析
3. 初中英语介词语法知识点讲解练习
4. 英语各种介词的用法一览
5. 初中英语语法专题介词与常见短语
6. 初中英语介词知识点:时间介词
7. 初中英语语法介词
8. 英语介词in重要用法归纳
9. 初一英语必备知识要点大全

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for短语
pay for...
为...付款
wait for
等候,等待
send for
派人去请
stand for
代表,象征
for example
例如
for ever
永远
at/all短语
arrive at
到达(某地)
knock at
敲
laugh at
嘲笑
all over
到处,遍及
all right
行了,好吧,(病)好了
above all
首先,尤为首要的是
after all
毕竟,终究
no/not短语
no longer
不再
not any more
不再
not at all
一点儿也不
not only...but also
不但...而且...
not so...as
不像...那么...,不如...那么...
not...until...
直到...才...
one’s短语
do one’s best
尽某人的最大努力
earn one’s living
谋生
hold one’s breath
屏住呼吸
keep one’s word
守信
save one’s life
挽救某人的生命
take one’s time
从容,慢慢行动
make up one’s mind
下定决心
重叠短语
again and again
反复地,再三地
over and over
反复,多次重复
face to face
面对面
side by side
肩并肩,一起
come短语
come across
(偶然)遇见
come back
回来
come down
落下,下来
come from
来自
come true
变为现实,成为事实
come up with
追上,赶上,想出
come up
走近,发生
get短语
get up
起床
get away
逃脱,离开
get back
返回,回家
get down
下降
get in
进入,收获
get off
下车
get on
上车
get through
通过,拨通
get along with
与...相处
get close to
接近
get together
聚会
go短语
go ahead
进行
go away
走开,离去
go by
走过,经过
go fishing
去钓鱼
go shopping
去买东西
go skating
去滑冰
go for a walk
去散步
go off
走开
go on doing sth.
继续做某事
go on with
继续
go on
继续
go out
出去,熄灭
go over
仔细检查,复习
go through
浏览,翻阅
look短语
look after
照顾
look ahead
向前看,展望未来
look down upon
看不起,轻视
look for
寻找
look forward to
盼望
look into
向...里面看,调查
look out
留神,当心
look through
浏览
look up
查找
put短语
put away
收拾
put down
记下
put off
推迟
put on
穿/戴上,上演
put on weight
长胖
put out
扑灭,熄灭
put up
挂起,举起
take短语
take away
拿走
take it easy
别着急,别紧张
take off
脱下,起飞
take out
取出
take place
发生
take the place of
取代,代替
off 短语
cut off
切断
keep off
让开,不接近
set off
动身
show off
炫耀
turn off
关掉(水龙头,电视)
see sb. off
为某人送行
with 短语
agree with sb.
同意某人的看法
catch up with
赶上
compare with
与...相比
connect with
与...相连
deal with
处理,对付
fill...with...
用...填充...
help sb. with sth.
在某方面帮助某人
make friends with sb.
与某人交朋友
be strict with sb.
对某人严格要求
out 短语
break out
(战争等)突然发生,爆发
carry out
开展,执行
check out
检查,结账
come out
出来,出版,发行
die out
消失,灭亡
find out
查明,发现,了解
give out
分发
hand out
分发
help out
帮助解决困难
let out
放出,泄露
pick out
选出
point out
指出
send out
发出,派遣
sell out
卖完
set out
出发,开始
try out
试验
work out
算出,解决
out of work
失业
out of breath
上气不接下气
in 短语
arrive in
到达(某地)
break in
闯入,强行进入,打断
call in
召集
check in
报到,登记
come in
进入,进来
fill in
填充
give in
屈服,让步
join in
参加,加入
let in
让...进来,放进
in all
总之
in a hurry
匆忙,很快地
in a word
简言之,总之
in fact
事实上,实际上
in time
及时,来得及
in other words
换句话说
in common
共同,共有
in danger
处于危险状态
in peace
和平的
in public
当众,公开
in surprise
吃惊,惊讶
in the end
最后,终于
in order
按顺序
in order to
为了
in order that
为了
on短语
try on
试穿,试试看
turn on
打开(水龙头,电视等)
call on
拜访,访问
carry on
继续下去
come on
来吧,赶快
depend on
依靠
live on
靠...为生
keep on
继续
hang on
(打电话时)不挂断
hold on
等一等
spend...on...
在...上花(钱、时间)
congratulate...on
为...向...祝贺
on duty
值日,值班
on foot
走路,步行
on show
展出,在上演
on time
准时
on the radio
通过收音机
to短语
lead to
导致,导向
next to
紧接着,相邻
come to
共计,达到
belong to
属于
compare to...
与...相比
help oneself to
请随便吃(喝)
pay attention to
注意
point to
指向
according to
根据,按照
refer to
提到,涉及,有关
be used to (doing) sth.
习惯(做)某事
write to sb.
给某人写信
too...to...
太...以至于不能...
in order to
为了
so as to
以便,为的是
of 短语
a bit of
有点儿
a number of
许多
a kind of
一种,一类
all kinds of
各种各样的
a lot of
许多的.,大量的
lots of
许多的,大量的
a pair of
一双,一副
a piece of
一块,一张,一片
hundreds of
成百上千的
thousands of
成千上万的
millions of
数以百万计的
in front of
在...前面
in need of
需要,缺少
instead of
代替,而不是
be proud of
以...为骄傲/自豪
hear of
听说
be made up of
由...组成、构成
run out of
用完
talk of
谈论,谈及
think of
想起,考虑,认为
of course
当然
up 短语
pick up
拾起,拣起,开车去接
give up
放弃
wake up
醒来
grow up
长大成人,成长
send up
发出,射出
take up
占去,占据(时间,空间等)
turn up
出现,开大(声音等)
hurry up
赶快,快点儿
bring up
教育,培养
build up
建立
speed up
加快速度
hang up
挂断电话
ring up
打电话给
call up
号召
keep up
保持,维持
clear up
整理,收拾
make up
和解,化妆
from 短语
hear from
收到...的来信
prevent sb.from doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
separate...from
将...与...分开
stop sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
far from
远离
be different from
与...不同
from time to time
不时,偶尔
from...to...
从...到...
down短语
cut down
砍倒
get down
下来
turn down
关小,调低
write down
写下,记下
break down
损坏,分解
up and down
上上下下
away 短语
give away
分发
run away
逃跑,避开
throw away
扔掉
right away
立即,马上
as短语
as...as
像...一样...同...一样...
as long as
只要
as soon as
一...就...
as far as/so far as
(表示程度、范围)就...,据...
as well ass
除...之外,也
as well
也,还有
as if
好像,仿佛
as usual
通常,平常地
as a result
(作为)结果
regard... as...
把...看作...
such as
例如
by短语
by accident
偶然
by air
乘飞机
by bus
乘公共汽车
by train
乘火车
by ship
乘船
by the way
顺便说
pass by
经过