南瓜冰妈
翻译,是指在准确通顺的基础上,把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的行为. 从翻译的运作的程序上看实际包括了理解、转换、表达三个环节,理解是分析原码,准确地掌握原码所表达的信息；转换是运用多种方法,如口译或笔译的形式,各类符号系统的选择、组合,引申、浓缩等翻译技巧的运用等,将原码所表达的信息转换成译码中的等值信息；表达是用一种新的语言系统进行准确地表达. 翻译的形式和内容如此纷繁复杂,从中抽象出一个具有哲学高度的翻译的定义也是一项非常艰难的重任,国内外的众多学者对此作出了许多努力,仁者见仁,智者见智,从不同的角度对翻译活动作出了概括和总结.
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Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text.Whereas interpreting undoubtedly antedates writing, translation began only after the appearance of written literature; there exist partial translations of the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh (ca. 2000 BCE) into Southwest Asian languages of the second millennium BCE.Translators always risk inappropriate spill-over of source-language idiom and usage into the target-language translation. On the other hand, spill-overs have imported useful source-language calques and loanwords that have enriched the target languages. Indeed, translators have helped substantially to shape the languages into which they have translated.Due to the demands of business documentation consequent to the Industrial Revolution that began in the mid-18th century, some translation specialties have become formalized, with dedicated schools and professional associations.Because of the laboriousness of translation, since the 1940s engineers have sought to automate translation (machine translation) or to mechanically aid the human translator (computer-assisted translation).The rise of the Internet has fostered a world-wide market for translation services and has facilitated language localization.
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