唐尼小姐
1.Whose cap is this?这是谁的帽子?Whose意为“谁的”,用于提问物品属于谁。此句也可表达为:Whose is this cap?
2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法比较:
1)相同之处:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词都翻译成“…的”;
2)不同之处:a.形容词性物主代词置于名词前,作定语,修饰限定名词,其形式为:my,our,your,his,her,its,their,如:
mybike我的书yourtoys你的玩具their bags他们的书包
b.而名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中主要作主语,宾语和表语,之后不能再跟名词,其本身隐含上文已提到的名词,其形式为:mine,ours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs,如:
This is your book,that is mine.这是你的书,那是我的。-Is this pen yours?这支钢笔是你的吗?
_No,itisn’t.It’shis.不,不是的'。是他的。Mine is on my desk.我的在我的课桌上。
She knows my name and I know hers.她知道我的名字,我也知道她的名字。
3)联系:名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
3.名词所有格形式:Tom---Tom’sKate---Kate’sstudent---students’
teachers---teachers’boys---boys’
原来我在这里8
初二英语第一册复习知识要点 一、一般现在时 ★ 一般现在时指经常性或习惯性的动作或状态,常和often, usually, always, sometimes, every……等时间状语连用。肯定句谓语动词用动词原形(单三+s), 否定句用don’t /doesn’t +动词原形,疑问句用Do/Does…+动词原形? e.g. Tom does his homework every day. 汤姆每天都做家庭作业。 否定句:Tom doesn’t do his homework everyday. 汤姆每天都不做家庭作业。 疑问句:Does Tom do his homework everyday? 汤姆每天都做家庭作业吗? Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. 是的。(不,不做。) 二、现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法 1.表示说话时正在进行的动作 常和now 连用,有时用一个look、listen ,来表now 这一时间概念。 *Look! A train is coming .看,火车来了。 *Listen! He is playing the piano.听,她在弹琴。 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作 但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和at present ,this week ,these days…等时间状语连用。 *What lesson are you studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了?(说话是并不在学) 3.现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作 即是说可以用来代替将来时,但此时,一般要语表示将来时的时间状语连用,而且仅限于少量动词。如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return . sleep *Are you going to Tianjing tomorrow? 你明天去天津吗? *How many of you are coming to the party next week? 你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会? 三、一般将来时 █一般将来时 1.be going to+ 动词原形~ 对于将要发生的事,或打算、计划、决定要做的事情时,皆以be going to + 动词原形,的句型来表示。 因此此句型有be动词,所以是否用am, is, are ,决定于主语。 1.肯定句:主语+be (is, am, are) going to +动词原形 I am going to play football next Sunday. 下周日我打算踢足球。 ◇He is going to travel around the world. 他计划周游世界。 ◇They are going to meet outside the school gate. 它们打算在校门口见面。 ◇It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 2.否定句:主语+be (am, are, is) not going to +动词原形 We are not going to have any class next week. 下周我们不上课。 ◇I’m not going to be a teacher. 我不打算当老师。 ◇He isn’t going to see his brother tomorrow. 他明天不准备去看他哥哥。 3.疑问句:Be (Am, Is, Are) +主语+ going to + 动词原形 ◇Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up? 你长大了,打算当一名医生吗? Yes, I am. 是的,我打算当。 No, I’m not. 不,我不打算当。 will 同be going to 的用法相同 以今天为起点的所有将来时间,如: this afternoon / this evening = tonight / tomorrow/ tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening , the day after tomorrow / next week , next Wednesday / next month, next September / next year. 例句: 1.I’m going to be a teacher later on. 2.We’ll wait for you at the school gate. 3.Shall we go and get some food? ★ “be going to + 动词原形” 表示计划、打算、将来发生的动作,常和this afternoon (今天下午),this evening = tonight (今晚),tomorrow (明天),tomorrow morning (afternoon , evening ) (明早,午,晚),the day after tomorrow(后天),next Sunday (下个星期天), next week (下周), next month (下个月), next year (明年)等的时间状语连用,前不加任何介词。另外,动作性动词go ,come 和leave 等的现在进行时表示一般将来时动作。 e.g. 1. I’m going to Beijing. 我要去北京。 2.He’s leaving for Japan in two days. 他两天后要奔赴日本。 四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 1.比较级:句子表示两者之间的比较时用比较级,其标志词是than, much, a little , even和still等。 e.g. ① Her hair is much longer than mine. 她的头发比我的长多了。 ② I’m a little older than you. 我比你大一点儿。 2.最高级:句子表示三者或多者的比较时用最高级,其标志词是表示范围的in…或of …介词短语。在句子中,形容词最高级前必须加the。 e.g. ① The boy is the tallest in our class. 这个男孩是我们班最高的。 ② Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? ★形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词有三种等级:原级、比较级、最高级。 3.原级:句中只有一者时用原级,其标志词是very, so, too, quite等。 e.g. His handwriting is very good.他的书法很好。 (一个人不作比较。) 太阳、月亮和地球那个大? ★ 形容词比较级和最高级的构成: 1.一般在原级后加er 构成比较级,加est构成最高级。 e.g. small smaller smallest young younger youngest 2.以不发音的字母e 结尾的形容词,直接加r 或st 构成比较级和最高级。 e.g. nice nicer nicest late later latest 3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词,变y为i ,再加er 或est, 构成比较级和最高级。 e.g. busy busier busiest heavy heavier heaviest 4.在重读闭音节中,末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词,要先双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est, 构成比较级和最高级。 e.g. hot hotter hottest big bigger biggest 5.个别形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则变化,需个别记忆。 e.g. good (well) better best bad (badly, ill) worse worst many(much) more most little less lest far father farthest 或 further furthest ★ 副词的比较级和最高级: 1.以ly 结尾的副词,除early 变为 earlier 和 earliest 外, 其余一律在其前加more 和most。 如:carefully – more carefully – most carefully 2.规则变化直接加er 和 est 。 如:fast – faster—fastest 3.个别词是不规则变化,需要特别记忆。 如:well – better – best far – farther – fastest badly – worse – worst 4.句子中,副词最高级前的the 可省略也可以不省略,但形容词最高级前面的the 绝对不能去掉。 e.g. Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Jim or Mike? 五、提建议的表达方法、表示需要、询问方向、指点方向 ★ 表示建议的基本句型 1. Shall I / we + 动词原形? 2. Why don’t you + 动词原形 = Why not + 动词原形 3. Let’s + 动词原形 4. What/ How about + doing sth. ★ 表示需要的基本句型 1.表示需要用need。 它可当情态动词和行为动词用。 e.g. ① We need your help.(行为动词) 我们需要你的帮助。 ② They need finish reading the book today. (情态动词) 他们需要今天看完这本书。 2.询问方向,主要有以下几种表达方式: ⑴ Is there a bus station near here? 附近有汽车站吗? ⑵ Where is the nearest bus stop / station? 最近的汽车站在哪里? ⑶ Which is the way to the bus station ? 去汽车站的路是那一条? ⑷ How can I go to the bus station? 如何去公共汽车站? 3.指点方向,主要有以下几种表达方式: ⑴ Go / walk along the road / street. 沿着这条路/街走。 ⑵ Take the first (second…) turning on the right / left. 在第一(二……)个路口向右/左转。 ⑶ It’s next to (in front of , behind…) 它在……旁边(前面,后面……) ⑷ It’s about a hundred metres along on the left. 它在左前方大约一白米处。 ⑸ Turn right / left. = turn to the right / left. 向右/左拐。 六、一般过去时 ◆一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态。在句子中由主语+动词的过去式来表达。 1.He walks to school. (一般现在时) 2.He walked to school. (一般过去时) 例如: 例1.中的动词walks时现在式, 由于主语是第三人称单数he, 因此原因的walk必须加上 “s”,表示目前习惯性、经常性动作。可译为“他现在经常步行上学”。 例2.中的动词walked是过去式,过去式是叙述过去事情的动词形式,所以这句话时表示的是过去的某时,例如昨天、上周或学生时代等过去的某一时间,这句可译为“他曾经步行上学”。 ◆be 动词的过去式 be 动词的过去时的句型如下: 肯定句: 主语 +be动词的过去式(was, were)~ 否定句: 主语 + be动词的过去式(was, were)+ not ~ 疑问句: be动词的过去式(was, were)+ 主语 ~? ○He was busy yesterday. (肯定句) 他昨天很忙。 ○He was not busy yesterday. (否定句) 他昨天不忙。 ○Was he busy yesterday? (疑问句) 他昨天忙吗? 1.be动词过去时的肯定句 Mike was in the United States last year. 麦克去年在美国。 比较be 动词的现在式和过去式: 现在时 过去时 I(第一人称单数) am was He, She, It(第三人称单数) is You(第二人称单、复数) are were ○I was very tired last night. 我昨天晚上很累。 ○You were absent from school two days ago. 两天前你没到学校(缺席)。 ○There were some books there. 那曾经有一些书。 There is (are ) 的句型用于一般过去时需把is ,are 变为它们的过去式:There was (were) … 2.be动词过去式的否定句 He was not in Canada last year. 他去年不在加拿大。 be动词过去时的否定句的结构和现在时一样,只要在be动词过去式(was, were)后面加上not就可以了。否定式的was not , were not 大多使用缩写形式wasn’t 和 weren’t . ○I wasn’t busy the other day. 前几天我不忙。 ○There weren’t any boys in the room. 教室里一个男孩儿也没有。 3.be动词的过去时的疑问句(一般疑问句/特殊疑问句) Was it raining in Beijing yesterday? No, it wasn’t . I t was cloudy. 昨天北京下雨了吗?不,没下雨。昨天北京阴天。 Where were you yesterday morning? I was at school. 你昨天上午上去哪了?我在学校。 be 动词过去时一般疑问句的结构和一般现在时一样,只要把be 动词的过去式was, were 调到主语前面即可。 was (were ) + 主语 ~? 回答时,需要用Yes, … was (were) .或 No… wasn’t (weren’t) ○Was your father free this morning? 今天上午你爸爸又空吗? Yes, he was . 是的,他有空。 No, he wasn’t . 不,他没空。 ○Was there any water in the bottle? 瓶子里有过水吗? Yes, there was. 是的,曾经有过。 NO, there wasn’t 不, 没有过。 ◆一般动词的过去时 一般动词过去式的基本句型如下: 肯定句: 主语+ 动词的过去式~ 否定句: 主语+ did not + 动词原形~ 疑问句: Did + 主语 + 动词原形~? ○He played tennis last week. (肯定句) 他上周打网球了。 ○He did not play tennis last week. (否定句) 上周他没打网球。 ○Did he play tennis last week? (疑问句) 上周他打网球了吗? 1.一般动词过去式的肯定句 We gad a good time yesterday. 昨天我们过得很愉快。 He had a good time yesterday. 昨天他过得很高兴。 一般过去时没有人称和数的变化。因此,主语即使是单数、第三人称,也和其他人称一样变化。 ○I watched TV for an hour. 我看了一个小时的电视。 ○She studied Russian two years ago. 两年前他学俄语。 ○We said good-bye to Li Ming at five. 五点钟时,我们和李明说过了再见。 2.一般动词过去时的否定句 We did not have a good time yesterday. 昨天我们过得不好。 He did not do his homework. 他没有做作业。 一般动词过去时的否定句的结构和一般现在时够定句的结构一样, 不论主语是第几人称,还是单、复数,在主语后面加上did not (而不是do not ,或 does not)就可以了。 否定式did not 常用缩写形式didn’t 。 ○He didn’t have classes this morning. 今天上午他没课. ○You didn’t do your best to do it. 你没有尽力去做。 3.一般动词过去时的疑问句 Did he go there? 他去那了吗? Yes, he did. (No, he didn’t .) 是的,他去了。 (不,他没去。) When did you get up this morning? At six. 今天早晨你几点钟起床的? 六点钟。 一般动词过去时一般疑问句的结构和一般现在时一般疑问句的结构一样,无论主语是第几人称,单数、复数,在主语前面加上did即可。 ○Did Tom go with you? 汤姆和你一起去的吗? Yes, he did . (No,he didn’t .) 是的。(不,不是的) ○How many subjects did you study last term? 上学期你们学习几门功课? We studied seven. 我们学习七门课。 比较一般动词的现在时和过去时 一般现在时 一般过去时 肯定句 I go ~. He goes ~. I went ~. He went ~. 否定句 I don’t go ~. He doesn’t go ~. I didn’t go ~. He didn’t go ~. 疑问句 Do you go ~? Does he go ~ ? Did you go ~? Did he go ~? ◆一般过去时的基本用法 1.带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时 如:yesterday (昨天) , two days ago(两天前), last year(去年)., the other day(前几天), once upon a time(过去曾经) , just now(刚才), in the old days(过去的日子里), before liberation(解放前), when I was 8 years old(当我八岁时). ○Did you have a party the other day? 前几天,你们开了晚会了吗? ○Lei Feng was a good soldier. 雷锋是个好战士。 2.表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时 这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。 ○The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain , and died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。 3.表示过去一段时间内经常反复的动作。 常与always, never 等连用。 ○Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 (只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。) 试比较: ○Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞。 (说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞。) ○I never drank wine. 我以前从不喝酒。 (不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒。) 4.如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do ○He used to drink. 他过去喝酒。 (意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了。) ○I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步。 (意味着现在不在早上散步了。) 5.有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们要特别注意。 ○I didn’t know you were in Pairs. 我不知道你在巴黎。 (因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.) ○I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。 (这句话应是在说话前,我以为你病了,但是现在我知道你没病。) ○Li Ming studied English this morning. (把此句变为一般疑问句。) (χ)1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning? (动词应该用原形) (χ)2.Does Li Ming study English this morning? (时态应该用原句子的时态。) (χ)3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning? (应该用一般动词,而不是be动词) (√)4.Did Li Ming study English this morning?
巫毒小子
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+ do eg :I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 7 along with 同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心;小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原) 将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气 50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师) 68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试 69 be sure to do sth 一定会做某事 eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早起 He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉 He is used to working hard He is used to hard work 他习惯努力工作 74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句 76 because+句子 because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between…and… 两者之间 79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西 eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同 81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站 the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 He's bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang 84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来 85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地 87 come in 进来 88 come over to 过来 89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗? 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流 91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州? 92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞 93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做错 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意…… 99 each +名(单)每一个…… eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing