元末明初英文翻译

No.1 The Dream of Red Chamber Once upon a time the goddess Nv Gua level several thousands pieces of stone to repair the damage post of heaven. One extra stone that did not fit and as discard at the foot of a mountain. This ethereal stone discover a lovely but frail but celestial camp by the river of the spirits in the west. Everyday it watered the plants with sweet dew the plant nourished by the dew took essence of heaven and earth. After centuries of polishing the stone took on human forms and descended to earth and becoming the hero and heroin of the dream of the red chamber a complex brilliant and profound drama. Among the Chinese classics the dream of the red chamber has been most widely red and studied by the general public and scholars its conception in the later part of the 18th century. Besides its mythical beginning more then 400 human characters come to life in the Jia palace throughout the one hundredth and twenty chapters of this book. They vividly and realistically unveil a pure world and the spiritual world and the love and hatred and the good and evil desiccant and consonant. For over one hundredth years the dream of the red chamber has attracted millions of people from all walks of life. It especially appeals to young people because the entire antagonist in the story is young as well. The book is a masterpiece due to its vast repertoire and reservoir of artistic achievements the bound philosophy of life simultaneously coupled with a compelling love story. The hero of the dream of the red chamber is the human form of the discard ethereal stone. He was born holding a precious stone in his mouth and so named Bao Yu precious stone. He is the lifeblood of the Jia family protagonist of the love story and preacher of the philosophy of life. The main plot of the novel is the entangle love triangle among Bao Yu the imperial stone Xian Yu the transform celestial plant and Dai Yuthe destine earthly love possessing the gold medallion with an inscription matching the one on the precious stone from the couple. The secondary plot evolves around the rise and decline of the Jia family. A series of events of characters unfold around these two plots the detailed and structured analysis of the entwined relationships among the novels innumerous characters. Enable the readers to get a thrall understanding of the rise and decline of a prominent family and a taste of love and hatred joy and sorrow and reunion and separation. The author Cao Xue-qin was born in the early part of the 18th century during the period of emperor Kong Xi and died in the 27th year of reign of emperor Chin in the Ching dynasty. Historical research reveals that the personal experiences of the authors bare striking similarities to the events setting of this novel. Bao Yu is protagonist was a pampered child who faced high expectations he took no interest in fame or wealth but rather indulged himself in the company of androgen of female playmate from both high and low classes. He proclaimed that girls are creatures of water and that he could feel that freshness and cleanliness. Whereas men are the beams of slim he was overwhelmed by turbulence and filthiness merely by catching a sight of them. This is not a casual remark dropped by our hero. Indeed his whole life from his thoughts and feelings to his expressions and demeanor evolved around his contempt for fame and wealth His devotion to love and soul and his conspicuous opposition to patriarchal tradition.太多了，贴不下，自己去参考资料看吧

你好！元末明初late Yuan and early Ming

原句：太极拳是一种武术项目，也是一种健身运动，在中国有着悠久的历史。

英文：Taijiquan is a kind of martial arts and fitness exercise. It has a long history in China.

日语：太极拳は1种の武术の种目で、1种のフィットネススポーツで、中国で悠久な歴史を持っています。

韩语：태극권은 일종의 무술 종목이자 헬스 운동으로 중국에서 유구한 역사를 가지고 있다.

粤语：太极拳系一种武术项目，都系一种健身运动，喺中国有住悠久嘅历史。

扩展资料：

太极拳的特点：

全面性

太极拳是一项全面的系统工程，是一种具有中华民族传统文化特色的综合性学科，它涉及人与社会﹑人与自然以及与人体本身有关的问题，包括古典文学﹑物理学﹑养生学﹑医学﹑武学﹑生理学﹑心理学﹑运动生物力学等，体现东方文学的宇宙观﹑生命观﹑道德观﹑人生观﹑竞技观。

适应性

太极拳动作柔和﹑速度较慢﹑拳式并不难学，而且架势的高或低﹑运动量的大小都可以根据个人的体质而有所不同，能适应不同年龄﹑体质的需要，并非年老弱者专利。无论是理论研究还是亲身实践，无论是提高技艺功夫，还是益寿养生，无论是个人为了人生完善自我者，都能参与太极拳，并从中获取各自需要。

安全性

太极拳松沉柔顺﹑圆活畅通﹑用意不用力的运动特点，既可消除练拳者原有的拙力僵劲，又可避免肌肉﹑关节﹑韧带等器官的损伤性。既可改变人的用力习惯和本能，又可避免因用力不当和呼吸不当引起的胸闷紧张﹑气血受阻的可能性。

参考资料来源：

百度百科-太极拳

Water Margin。

《水浒传》是元末明初施耐庵（现存刊本署名大多有施耐庵、罗贯中两人中的一人，或两人皆有）编著的章回体长篇小说。

全书通过描写梁山好汉反抗欺压、水泊梁山壮大和受宋朝招安，以及受招安后为宋朝征战，最终消亡的宏大故事，艺术地反映了中国历史上宋江起义从发生、发展直至失败的全过程，深刻揭示了起义的社会根源，满腔热情地歌颂了起义英雄的反抗斗争和他们的社会理想，也具体揭示了起义失败的内在历史原因。

扩展资料：

《水浒传》文学影响：

《水浒传》是中国历史上第一部用白话文写成的长篇小说，开创了白话章回体小说的先河。它作为一种新的文体，从此在文学领域内确立了应有的地位，开始逐步改变以诗文为正宗的文坛面貌。

从小说创作的角度来看，它和《三国演义》一起，奠定了中国古代长篇小说的民族形式和民族风格，为广大人民大众所喜闻乐见，形成了中华民族特有的审美心理和鉴赏习惯。

但它比之《三国演义》，更贴近生活，作者开始把目光投向市井社会、日常琐事和平凡的人物，注重刻画人物性格的层次性、流动性，并纯熟地使用了白话，多方面地推进了中国古代长篇小说艺术的发展。

《水浒传》在明代时被列入“四大奇书”。近现代以来，又成为古典小说“四大名著”之一。《水浒传》的文风、构思和理念，都对后世的中国乃至东亚小说，产生了重大的影响。

明清两朝，出现了多个版本的《水浒传》续作，另有很多小说、戏剧等以《水浒传》中的故事为素材，比如明朝的世情小说《金瓶梅》就是从《水浒传》中武松杀嫂的情节发展而来的。

另外，《水浒传》还被翻译成了多种文字，在国外很多国家流传开来，如18世纪流传到日本、朝鲜，朝鲜最早的小说之一《洪吉童传》和日本曲亭马琴的小说《南总里见八犬传》的创作，都受到了《水浒传》的影响。19世纪，《水浒传》又流传到了欧美各国，出现了德语、法语、英语等译本。

Luo Guanzhong (c. 1330–1400), was a Chinese writer who lived in the early Ming Dynasty. He was also known by his pseudonym Huhai Sanren(Chinese: 湖海散人；literally "Leisure Man of Lakes and Seas"). Luo was attributed with writing Romance of the Three Kingdoms （三国演义）and editing Water Margin, two of the Four Great Classical Novels ofChinese literature. Pingyao Zhuan (平妖传) Can Tang Wudai Shi Yanzhuan (残唐五代史演义传)Sansui Pingyao Zhuan (三遂平妖传Fenzhuang Lou (粉妆楼, "Cosmetical Building")Sui Tang Liangchao Zhizhuan (隋唐两朝志传, "The Chronicle of the Sui and Tang Dynasties)

Taijiquan is a martial arts project, but also a fitness campaign in China has a long history.

No.1 The Dream of Red Chamber Once upon a time the goddess Nv Gua level several thousands pieces of stone to repair the damage post of heaven. One extra stone that did not fit and as discard at the foot of a mountain. This ethereal stone discover a lovely but frail but celestial camp by the river of the spirits in the west. Everyday it watered the plants with sweet dew the plant nourished by the dew took essence of heaven and earth. After centuries of polishing the stone took on human forms and descended to earth and becoming the hero and heroin of the dream of the red chamber a complex brilliant and profound drama. Among the Chinese classics the dream of the red chamber has been most widely red and studied by the general public and scholars its conception in the later part of the 18th century. Besides its mythical beginning more then 400 human characters come to life in the Jia palace throughout the one hundredth and twenty chapters of this book. They vividly and realistically unveil a pure world and the spiritual world and the love and hatred and the good and evil desiccant and consonant. For over one hundredth years the dream of the red chamber has attracted millions of people from all walks of life. It especially appeals to young people because the entire antagonist in the story is young as well. The book is a masterpiece due to its vast repertoire and reservoir of artistic achievements the bound philosophy of life simultaneously coupled with a compelling love story. The hero of the dream of the red chamber is the human form of the discard ethereal stone. He was born holding a precious stone in his mouth and so named Bao Yu precious stone. He is the lifeblood of the Jia family protagonist of the love story and preacher of the philosophy of life. The main plot of the novel is the entangle love triangle among Bao Yu the imperial stone Xian Yu the transform celestial plant and Dai Yuthe destine earthly love possessing the gold medallion with an inscription matching the one on the precious stone from the couple. The secondary plot evolves around the rise and decline of the Jia family. A series of events of characters unfold around these two plots the detailed and structured analysis of the entwined relationships among the novels innumerous characters. Enable the readers to get a thrall understanding of the rise and decline of a prominent family and a taste of love and hatred joy and sorrow and reunion and separation. The author Cao Xue-qin was born in the early part of the 18th century during the period of emperor Kong Xi and died in the 27th year of reign of emperor Chin in the Ching dynasty. Historical research reveals that the personal experiences of the authors bare striking similarities to the events setting of this novel. Bao Yu is protagonist was a pampered child who faced high expectations he took no interest in fame or wealth but rather indulged himself in the company of androgen of female playmate from both high and low classes. He proclaimed that girls are creatures of water and that he could feel that freshness and cleanliness. Whereas men are the beams of slim he was overwhelmed by turbulence and filthiness merely by catching a sight of them. This is not a casual remark dropped by our hero. Indeed his whole life from his thoughts and feelings to his expressions and demeanor evolved around his contempt for fame and wealth His devotion to love and soul and his conspicuous opposition to patriarchal tradition. The author successfully portrays many distinct female characters beaming with talent pose innocents and grace. Each drawing her own crowd the most important character other the leading male role of Bao Yu are twelve young ladies known as the twelve beauties of the imperial mausoleum. One of the distinct characteristics of this book is the great esteem given to women. In this book even those chambermaids with rather low social status are given distinctive and unforgettable personalities. Being upright passionate loyal capable and efficient, Worth mentioning are the poem that the characters every count event. The author's literary feats enable him to weave poetry in the pros and bleat personality and talent by presenting their inner woes. In a reflection of cultural and spiritual life of his time these poems for shadow the future developments of the plot as well as the fate of the books characters. The elder daughter of the Jia family was name Yuan Chun and she was exulted as an imperial consort and granted a visit to her family. This family was wealthy and aristocratic and built a splendid and magnificent park to welcome her so those he young girls determined Bao Yu moved into the park. And in their new living quarters they enjoyed freedom like never before so they transformed the park into a kingdom of youth till it was passing dreams laughter and tears. The luxurious park then became a venue for gathering and as well as parties but however their heathenish lifestyle kept interrupting life styles of the family eventually drove was their downfall. The luxurious park became a venue for frequent gathering and feasts, the promulgate and corrupting lifestyle of the family manifested in every gathering and feast sowed the seed of its ruin. I buried the flower petals today they laugh at my foolishness when I die who will tend my tomb. A poem written by Dai Yu her proclivity for being over sensitive and sentimental and her forlorn childhood are embodied in this poem. Orphaned and wretched; she was taken in by her maternal grandmother at a young age. She is a gifted beauty, proud a luck and eccentric but fragile and delicate. Thou her heart beats in harmony with Dai Yushe was thawed to her lifetime pursuit of perfect love. Owing largely to her external factors and partly to her own personality flaws. This poem represents a self-fulfilling prophecy of her tragic destiny. Another hero Bao Chai is total different from Dai Yu except for her literary gift of beauty. She stands out among her peer as a worldly calm sedate an elegant young woman. Thou attractive and charming she lack the chased and romantic qualities of Dai Yu. Measured against traditional female virtues her disposition and demeanor make her the perfect candidate for the wife of a young aristocrat. In an arranged wedding, Bao Yu married her. At the same time seaming joyful and lively moments the exhausted and desperate Dai Yu approaches the end of their life in complete isolation. In addition to the tortured past by the leading characters every single person experienced there own ups and downs. Conflicts suffering and struggles start a few roads of life in there wonderful life. And so the paradise no longer can stand up to the impact of the outside world. Finally the Jia family abandons the palace and the splendor of it was lost forever. So this story depicts the rise and fall of the Jia family and its members. Along with the family the declining fame and wealth the dark and desolate shadow is cast over Eden where the young members of the family take refuge. Under the same clear sky with the same moonlight hearing the same music the same people same feast but not the same atmosphere. Nor the same feeling everyone know deep in their hearts that this mundane earthly beauty delight will soon vanish. Having lived through a separation and death and the decline of family our hero Bao Yu finally came to understand the emptiness of a material world. After he fulfilled his filial duties by marrying chi the women handpicked by his parents and passing his examinations for civil servant he returned to his spiritual origin and became a monk. The story has now came full circle the precious stone eventually reverts to its ethereal address the tragic twist to the ending of the book brakes away from the shackles of traditional Confucian values and conventional happy endings. In the dream of the red chamber the author communicates the deception of life and denounces the material world. He successfully depicts and portrays the characters and allows the reader to identify with family member's friends and relatives and give the book influences that are positive as well as an outlet. No.2 Romance of the Three Kingdoms First of the five great works of traditional prose fiction, this master narrative transforms history into epic and has thereby educated and entertained readers of five centuries with unforgettable exemplars of martial and civic virtue, of personal fidelity and political treachery. "The empire, long divided, must unite; long united, must divide. Thus it has ever been." Echoing the rhythms of Chinese history itself, the monumental tale Three Kingdoms begins. As important for Chinese culture as the Homeric epics have been for the West, this fourteenth-century masterpiece continues to be loved and read throughout China today. Three Kingdoms portrays a fateful moment at the end of the Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-A.D. 220) when the future of the Chinese empire lay in the balance. Fearing attacks by three rebellious states, the emperor sent out an urgent appeal for support. In response, three young men - the aristocratic Liu Xuande, the fugitive Lord Guan, and the pig butcher Zhang Fei - met to swear eternal brotherhood and fealty to their beleaguered country. Their vow set in motion the series of events that ultimately resulted in the collapse of the Han. Writing centuries later, Luo Guanzhong drew on, often-told tales of this turbulent period to fashion a sophisticated narrative of loyalty and treachery, triumph and defeat, that came to epitomize all that was best and worst in the life of his country. "Three Kingdoms is the tale (part historical, part legend and myth) of the fall of the Later Han Dynasty of China. It chronicles the lives of those feudal lords and their retainers who tried to either replace the empire or restore it. While the novel actually follows literally hundreds of characters, the focus is mainly on the 3 families who would eventually carve out the 3 kingdoms from the remnants of the Han. The Liu family in the Shu kingdom led by Liu Bei, The Cao family in Wei led by Cao Cao, and the Sun family in Wu eventually led by Sun Quan. The book deals with the plots, personal and army battles, intrigues, and struggles of these families to achieve dominance for almost 100 yrs. This book also gives you a sense of the way the Chinese view their history: cyclical rather than linear (as in the West). The first and last lines of the book sum this view up best: 'The empire long united must divide...' and 'The empire long divided must unite...' If you are at least a little interested in Chinese history (ancient or modern) and culture this book is a must read." No.3 Tale of Water Margin In the final years of the song dynasty china was in a state of political and social turmoil. Besides frequent foreign invasion and a large number of man made and natural disasters there were also constant pheasant rebellion. In order to transform society and make it more equitable and human 108 heroes joined together in Shan-dong province Liang Shan to oppose the local officials and genitures. Thus began the corsages and moving drama on which the novel water margin is based. Water margin is title Shui-Hu-Zhuan in Chinese and in English it is called all men are brothers or outlaws of the heart. The story originated and was widely told during the northern Tang dynasty. In the early years of the Yuan dynasty from 1271-1368 A.D., Legend has it that Shi Nai-an compiled and edited this long novel. People say that the story of heroes of the greenwoods who are leading characters of water margins is Chinas greatest novel of chivalry. Water margin is based on popular folk tales and fully reflects the thoughts and feelings prevalent at the time. Most importantly the novel depicts comrades among these men and the spirit of justice and accordance to the traditional ideals of the pheasants. Therefore a water margin has gained wide acceptances among the city dwellers as well. Readers can easily imagine that they are fond of the hidden world of the underworld and feel the vigorous life force of the common people the story begins in the Northern Song capital Bian Jing, which is now Kaifeng. Arriving at the river on tomb sweeping day he picked the landscape of the Northern Song capitol Bian Jing. Rows of shops the hustle and bustle of large crowed that painting fully displayed Bian Jing flourishing economy and vibrant culture. Yet behinds this prosperous background many lurking dangers lay buried beneath the surface. Because of the power of the Northern Song dynasty much of the empire northern territory was occupied by several barbarian tribes. At the same time the song court was being bankrupt by corrupt ministers who greatly abused their power. In this society corrupt officials and so-called gentlemen of aristocracy constantly bully the weak and cost untold hardship among the peasant In water margin there is a song that movingly portrays that this affection and misery faced by the. Scorching sun burning like inferno rice stocks have weathered and in unending fields. The famous heart fill like flowing water while young aristocracies wait for time. Since the local authorities in Liang Shan-po see them as bandits the common people call them good men. And consider them heroes moreover the peasant perceive that these man have become outlaws not to rob or plunder but to fulfill a much higher purpose. In the absent of a just society they are forced to join together as brothers for a common purpose and mission. As the heroes travel the rebel's roads their actions are easily identified with and moving to the common people. (Liang Shan-po) The leader of the Liang Shan is nick named kindly reign does this name express his ability to give aid in an emergency? Or head off danger or to head of at the right time to lend a helping hand? Originally Song Jiang was a district magistrate with absolutely no intentions of becoming a rebel. However seeing the corruption of the government that caused the peasants a great deal of suffering and misery. Song deeply regretted his inability to effect change so Song picked up a pen and paper and wrote a poem to voice his aspirations and to criticize the government. After publishing the poem song was tried and sentenced to death but on the eve of his scheduled execution. Song Jiang was saved by Lee Kui a member of the Liang Shan brotherhood and led off to the safety of the mountain. After his escape song became boss of the cruse warring on behalf of heaven. I will protect the land and the safety of the people. Encountering great calamities it is a common fate forcing most of the leading characters in water margin with extreme measures. A prime example is the all-inspiring Ling Chong nick named panther¡¯s head. Ling Chong was a general and chief instructor with eighty thousand men and imperial guards. Ling misfortunes started on the day that his beautiful wife went to the temple to worship and burn incense. There a field martial stepson and saw ling spouse and immediately became infatuated with her. In order to take Ling Chong wife by force the field martial used his power to set a deadly trap by falsely accusing ling of attempting to assassinate him. As a result Ling Chong was banished to a frontier garrison in Cang Chow. Not happy with the punishment the field marshal set out by hook or foot to kill Ling Chong on the road to his new post. Fortunately, Ling was rescued by his sworn brothers allowing Ling to escape certain death. However, Thinking that her husband dead ling spouse took her own life in order to keep a widow virtue. The resistant felt over the destruction of this family was beyond his endurance and as a result Ling Chong went to Liang Shan-po to join rebel camp. 好多