雨中之苇
1.一般现在时:主语+do/doese.gWecleantheroomeveryday.2.一般过去时:主语+dide.gWecleanedtheroomjustnow.3.现在进行时:主语+am/is/aredoinge.gWearecleaningtheroomnow.4.过去进行时:was/weredoinge.gWewerecheaningtheroomat5:00yesterdayafternoon.5.现在完成时:have/hasdonee.gWehavecleanedtheroomalready.6.过去完成时:haddonee.gWehadcleanedtheroombeforehearrived.7.一般将来时:willdo/e.gWewillcleantheroomtomorrow.8.过去将来时:was/wereto/woulddoe.gHesaidhewouldcleantheroomnext.
旧在现在
一. 时态:一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时1. 一般现在时表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。u 含有be动词的句子He is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students. ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?★变否定句在be动词后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.u 不含有动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.★变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t, 动词变为原型He doesn’t like books.She doesn’t like him.The dog doesn’t like bones.★肯定回答及否定回答:Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.Yes, she does. No, she doesn’tYes, it does. No, it doesn’t.注意:第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词I want to have a bath. We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.★变疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don’t.You don’t want to have a bath.We don’t have any meat.The students don’t like smart teachers. ★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. No, I don’t. Yes, we do. No, we don’tYes, they do. No, they don’t. 2. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成: 主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分(现在分词的构成见附录)We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?★变否定句在be动词后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.★特殊疑问句:what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing? (必背)没有进行时的动词表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1. 表示感觉,感官的词see, hear, like, love, want,2. have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时3. 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件, 常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有be动词的句子, 将动词变为过去式,am, is的过去式为was,are的过去式为wereI was at the butcher’s.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Were you at the butcher’s?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?★变否定句在be动词后面加notI was not at the butcher’s.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.★肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.★特殊疑问句:What did you do?(必背)不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.★变疑问句在句首加did, 动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?★变否定句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4. 现在完成时构成:主语+助动词have, has+过去分词用法:1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用I have just had lunch. (饱了,不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了,不用再喝)They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)The boy has already read the book. (已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了)2) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4) 表示一种经历,经验:去过…地方,做过…事情,经历过…事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film. I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去过,have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已经回来)He has gone to London.(人还在那里)5) 表示一种结果, 一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen. I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化:★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen. ★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not.★特殊疑问句:What have you done?What has he done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意:有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错:I’ve left Beijing for 3 days. 对:I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.5. 一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作, 经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours’ time, etc. 表示将来的词联用结构: 主语+助动词will+动词原形I will go to America tomorrow. The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.★变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?★变否定句在助动词后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow. The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.★特殊疑问句:What will you do?6. 过去完成时:用法:在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构:had+过去分词After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不用加。★ 变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework?★ 变否定句在助动词后面加notShe hadn’t finished her homework.★ 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t.★ 特殊疑问句:What had she done?7. 过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when, while, as引导的状语从句中。结构:was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.8. 过去将来时结构:would doShe said she would go here the next morning.二. 特殊句型:there be 句型,be going to 结构1. Be going to 结构表示打算,准备,计划做某事★结构:主语+be动词+going to +动词原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it. The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?★变否定句在be动词后面加not I am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.★特殊疑问句What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?(必背)2. There be 句型表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)u There is+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)There is a book in this room. There is a pen on the tableu There are+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there. ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?★变否定句在动词后面加notThere is not a book in this room. There are not two pens on the table. ★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not. Yes, there are. No, there are not.三. 问句:一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句² 一般疑问句: 助动词/be动词+主语Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?² 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What is your name?² 选择疑问句: orDo you want beef or lamb?² 反意疑问句: 肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分, 否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分You don’t need that pen, do you?² 否定疑问句: 一般疑问句+否定词Aren’t you lucky? Don’t you want have a rest?四. 冠词用法:a/an/the的一般用法详细见笔记五. 限定词:some, any, many, much² some, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句,注意,当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some² many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much.I have a lot of money. I don’t have much money.六. 名词:种类,复数,名词所有格1.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词² 不可数名词无法分开的东西:water, tea, bread, milk, rice(米)抽象的东西:love, beauty, coldness(寒冷)不可数名词有以下特点:l 不能用a, an修饰l 不能加sl 和单数be动词或动词搭配² 可数名词:单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化:规则变化的名词复数形式 规则1 一般情况+se.g. shell→shells book→books 规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+ese.g. fox→foxes church→churches, bus→buses, watch→watches 规则3 以o结尾+s或+ese.g. potato→potatoes, Negro→Negroes, hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes,(口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),剩下一般加s, radio→radios 规则4 以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为vese.g. life→lives half→halves, shelf→shelves, city→cities, wife→wives 规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+ese.g. sky→skies fly→flies不规则变化的名词复数形式 单数 man woman foot goose tooth 复数 men women feet geese teeth 单数 child sheep deer mouse fish 复数 children sheep deer mice fish七. 介词( 注意总结书上词组)八.副词:用法及形容词变副词的变化u 副词可以修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子。如:The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.u 变化:1. 直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully, slow-slowly,2. 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把y变I, 加-ly,happy-happily, lucky-luckily3. 有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化fast, hard, late4. 有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远:neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately, 九. 情态动词的使用:can, must, may, might, need,1.情态动词can(能够), must(必须), may(可以)结构:主语+can/must/may+动词原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?★变否定句在情态动词后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. No, he cannot.Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No, we cannot.★特殊疑问句:What can you do?(必背)注意:情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。2.Must/have to的区别must 表示必须,是主观上觉得应该做,have to是不得不,是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里,而have to do可以用在任何时态3.must, may, might表示猜测:u must do 表示对现在事实的猜测u must have done表示对过去事实的猜测u must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测u may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测,might的可能性更小。u can’t/couldn’t 表示不可能4.need 用法:u 表示“需要”时为实意动词,后面可以加名词,也可以加不定式:I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I don’t.I need to have a rest.u Need doing=need to be done,表示被动The flowers need watering.u Need在否定时做情态动词使用You needn’t go so early. =You don’t need to go so early.Must I clean the desk right now? No, you needn’t.
南京葫芦娃
am is are或v.原型 一般现在时,was were或v.原型 一般过去时,will shall 一般将来时,be+v.ing,现在进行时,was+v.ing,过去进行时,LZ,这是最基本的5种语法了。
大有小没
好吧!内容比较多,希望你能够用心学!真的!其实,学习英语,语法只是其中一部分,你还要平时多多地背记一些单词才行。还有要看看英语报,中英字幕的影片,电视上的英语节目。。。祝你学习进步!真的!加油!小学六年级英语语法复习大全汇总词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)1.1 名词复数的规则变化___________________________________________________ 情况 构成方法 读音 例词__________________________________________________一般情况 加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps 2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags 读 /z/; car-cars___________________________________________________ 以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches___________________________________________________以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses___________________________________________________以辅音字母+y 变y 为i结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies___________________________________________________1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数: 如: two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 比较: 层楼:storey ---storeys story---stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时: a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos; b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs; b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves; c. 均可,如: handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves1.3 名词复数的不规则变化1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。2)单复同形 如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。 如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼1.4 不可数名词量的表示1)物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 比较: Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。 This factory produces steel. (不可数) We need various steels. (可数) c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。 Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。2) 抽象名词有时也可数。 four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如: a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice 一条建议1.5 定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。 如:sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如:men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。 如:goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷 4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如:two-dozen eggs 两打/(二十四个鸡蛋) a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划 个别的有用复数作定语的,如: a seven-years child1.6 不同国家的人的单复数名称 总称(谓语用复数) 一个人 两个人 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人the an two Australians Australian Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美国人 the Americans an American two Americans印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 1.7 名词的格在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下: 1) 单数名词词尾加"'s",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。 2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加"'",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。 3) 凡不能加"'s"的名词,都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。 4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。 5) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示"分别有";只有一个's,则表示'共有'。 如:John's and Mary's room(两间) John and Mary's room(一间) 6) 复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如:a month or two's absence
evenmaosir
现在进行时现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式 第一人称+am+doing+sth 第二人称+are+doing +sth 第三人称+is+doing+sth 现在进行时的定义:现在进行时表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作。可以表示有计划的未来。也是一般现在时表将来。 现在进行时的基本用法: A. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 例:We are waiting for you. B. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。 例:Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。) 例:She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动 I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已经安排了) we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了) D.有些动词(状态动词不用于进行时态) 1.表示知道或了解的动词:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand 2.表示“看起来”“看上去"appear,resemble,seem 3表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,like.lover.prefer 4表示构成或来源的动词 be come from.contain,include 5表示感官的动词 hear see smell sound taste 6表示拥有的动词belong to.need.own .possess.want wish 【No. 1】现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由"be+v-ing"构成。be应为助动词,初学者最容易漏掉,它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。 【No. 2】现在进行时的应用 在实际运用时,现在进行时常用以下几种情况: (1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如: They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 (2)以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如: Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。 (3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week, these days等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如: We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 (4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如: Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 【No. 3】现在进行时的变化 肯定句式:主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它. 否定句式:主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它. 一般疑问句:Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它? 对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根据实际情况回答。 E. 表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 例:The leaves are turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer. F.与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 例:You are always changing your mind. 典型例题 My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it. A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found. 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。 e:现在进行时有时可以用来表示赞叹或厌烦的感情.例如: He is always causing trouble. 他总是惹麻烦. The Present Continuous Tense 现在进行时 现在进行时最容易出现错误的地方在动词的现在分词形式,我们在复习的时候要特别注意不规则动词的变化形式。 例如: taking,taking是take的ing形式,以e结尾要去e加ing; swimming,beginning,putting, shopping, stopping, hopping, travelling 要双写最后一个字母,之后加ing; buying,playing,teaching,等大部分单词直接加ing. 有一些特殊变化(或者说以Ie为结尾的重读闭音节的动词)的现在分词〔有3个〕,:lying—lie, dying ―die tying―tie 这些以ie结尾要去e再把I变y再加ing.一般过去式 1.概念: 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为; 2.时间状语: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构: be动词;行为动词 的过去式 4.否定形式 :was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句: was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。 6.例句: She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 一般过去时表示(1)过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的动作(即:非持续性动作),也可以表示(2)过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去。 句式:主语+过去动词+其他 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。(1) He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子, 抽烟抽得可凶了。(2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。 句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(意思是说你现在不饿吗?) Yes, I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(意思是说已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。) When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。) I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大约十分钟以前吃的。 Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。 I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。 I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。 一般过去时的基本用法 1 带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时 如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、once upon a time(过去曾经)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点 Did you have a party the other day? 前几天,你们开了晚会了吗? Lei Feng was a good soldier. 雷锋是个好战士。 注意 在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。 2 表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时 这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。 The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。 3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作 常与always,never等连用。 Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 (只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。) 比较 Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞。 (说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞) I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。 (不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒) 4 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do He used to drink. 他过去喝酒。 (意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了) I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步。 (意味着现在不在早晨散步了) 比较: I took a walk in the morning. 我曾经在早晨散过步。 (只是说明过去这一动作) 5 有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意! I didn''t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。 (因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.) I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。 (这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病) 辨别正误 Li Ming studied English this morning. (把此句变为一般疑问句) (×)1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning? (动词应该用原形) (×) 2. Does Li ming Study English this morning? (时态应该用原句子的时态) (×) 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning? (应该用一般动词,而不是be动词) (О) 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning? 一过:在过去发生的动作。 主动: 肯定① be 分为was,were ② v+ed 否定① was/were not ② didn’t+v 疑问① was/were+ 主 ② did+主+V 时状: 1. yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening) 2. the day before yesterday 3. last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,centeury 世纪) 4. ago 5.in 1980 (过去年份) 6.this morning/afternoon/evening 7.when引导的状语从句 (过去) 8.in the past 9.just now 10.the other day -- a few days ago 11.at the age of 10 (过去年龄段) 12.in the old days ......(未完待续) 动词过去式规则变化 1 直接加ed 2 以不发音的e结尾的,+d 3 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed 4 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed 不规则变化 例如相等 eg:cut cut read read<注:read和read读音不同!> sit sat —————————————————————————— 句型结构 1.一般句子 I watched TV last night. 2.一般疑问句 Did you watch TV last night? 3.there be 句型 There was an apple on the table last night. Was there an apple on the table last night? 一般过去时口诀 一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。 动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。 否定句很简单,didn't 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。 一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。 特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。 最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记。