yolanda甯
英语 句子 是 英语学习 的基础,通过句子,强化语音语调,通过句子,巩固词汇的运用,通过句子,巩固语法知识,通过句子,达到交际和运用的目的。下面是我带来的初中英文句子成分划分,欢迎阅读!初中英文句子成分划分精选 一、句子成分精讲 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置: The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike. Eight is a lucky number. The blind need more help. 代词做主语 数词做主语 名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting. To be a doctor is my dream. 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的构成。 分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词 短语 、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。 Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot. 常见的系动词 动名词做主语 不定式短语做主语 1. be动词 2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等 3. 表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得” “变成” 如 get, grow, turn等 上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。 4、宾语 是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词. 不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词. 宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成. I saw a plane in the sky just now. I want three. 名词做宾语 数词做宾语 I like going shopping. 动名词做宾语 We think predicting the future is hard. 5、宾语补足语(宾补) 宾语从句 有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。 充当宾补的有: 1. 形容词作宾语补足语 The sun keeps us warm. 2. 介词短语作宾语补足语: I found her in the room. 3. 副词作宾语补足语。 Please let him in. 4. 名词作宾语补足语。 We made him monitor of the class. 5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。 I asked him to come. 6、定语 定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的……的) 1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面) They have a clever son. I have something important to tell you. 2. 名词作定语: Is it a color film? 名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如: school bus, ticket office, paper flowers 但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop man 和 woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如: men drivers , women doctors 3. 代词作定语: This song is better than that one. 4. 数词作定语: There are only thirty students in our class. 带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式. a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy 5. 副词作定语(): Do you know the young man over there? 6. 介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后): The students in our class like swimming. 7、状语 , . 1. 副词作状语: The old man is walking slowly. The boy is very clever. 2. 介词短语作状语: 表方式 表程度 I have lived in Shanghai for five years. 3. 不定式作状语 I come here to see you. 4. 现在分词作状语 表时间 表目的 The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式 5. 状语从句 We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 状语的位置 1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。 We like our school very much. 2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首. I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight. 3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never, 用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后 I usually get up early. He is often late. 一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似 sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末 only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同. The actor only sang a song. Only the actor sang a song. The actor sang only one song. 两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序 1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后. We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow. 2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大 Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu. 3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词 She sang very well at the meeting last night. 时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯 Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening. 动词-ed形式作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语 一、动词-ed形式作定语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(the Participle Adjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如: spoken English ( 英语口语 );iced beer (冰冻啤酒);cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条); 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。 (1)前置定语 单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。 激动的人们冲进大楼。(=the people who were excited) .虚度的时光,无法挽回。(=time which is lost) (2)后置定语 ①少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。 1. Everything used should be marked.所有用过的东西应该做好标记。 2. Among the invited were some ladies.被邀请的人中,有些是女士。 3. The books left are for my students.剩下的书是给我的学生的。 ②动词-ed形式短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success.这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。 注意:这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词,改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。 二、动词-ed形式作表语 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意,而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如: He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后,他显得很忧虑。 When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。 常见的作表语的过去分词有: amused(愉快的); broken(碎了的);closed(关闭的);astonished(吃惊的);crowded(拥挤的);experienced(有 经验 的); delighted(高兴的);lost(丢失的);gone(遗失的);disappointed(失望的);worried(担忧的);interested(感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的) pleased(高兴的);satisfied(满意的); surprised(吃惊的); married(已婚的); known(著名的) 等等 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。 She found the door broken in when she came back.她回来时发现有人破门而人。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。 少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补时,强调动作完成后的状态. They found all the guests gone when they woke up.当他们醒来时,发现所有的客人都走了。 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法 动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。 1. I must get my bike repaired.我必须请人 修理 自行车。(宾语补足语) 2. The girl was found beaten black and blue.人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语) (1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。 We thought the game lost.我们认为球赛输了。 I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 They considered the matter settled.他们认为这问题解决了。 (2)动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。 I have my hair cut once a month.我每个月理一次发。 He was trying to make himself understood.他正努力使别人听懂自己。 “have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义: ①(请人)把某事做完。She had her house repaired.她请人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪儿理的发? ②遭遇某种意外情况。He had his hat blown away on his way home.在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。 ③完成某事(自己也可能参与)。I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected.我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year.他今年已存了1000元。 (3)动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括like,want, wish, expect, order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。 He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 The students wish the TV serial plays continued.学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。 (4)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在后面。 四,过去分词作状语 1.过去分词作状语表示被动或完成,但有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); absorbed in (全神贯注于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)等。如: Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉浸在思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。 2.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句,在句中一般能作五种状语,即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语。如: Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了。 (Caught in a heavy rain相当于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain) Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。 (Grown in rich soil相当于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil) 注意: ①当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,才可以把从句的主语省略,且省略掉的主语与其逻辑谓语是被动关系或如第一段中所讲的表示状态。 ②把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语,即“while (when, once, until, if, though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如: When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。 Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didn’t lose heart. 尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了,但他们并没有灰心。 初中英文句子成分划分练习 I.用所给词的适当形式填空,并与A-D的汉语翻译相匹配。 impress; pour; speak 1. Once ______, a word becomes a promise. 2. Once ______, water cannot be taken back again. 3. ______ by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time. A.覆水难收 B.流连忘返 C.一言既出,驷马难追 II.用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. ______ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us. 2. ______ (give) time, he’ll make a first class tennis player. 3. ______ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground. III.将下列句子翻译成英语。1.由于被妈妈所说的话所感动,我忍不住哭了起来。 2.如果给我们一个机会,我们将给大家一个非常好的表演。 3.当问到他出生在哪里时,约翰说他是纽约人。 Key: I. 1. spoken; C 2. poured; A 3. Impressed; B II. 1. Seen 2. Given 3. Looking III. 1. Moved by what my mother said, I couldn’t help crying. 2. Given a chance, we could give a good performance. 3. When asked where he was born, John said he was a New Yorker
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楼主这要求太高了吧,就你那10分也太可怜了,起码一百吧。 375. have a field trip 进行野外旅行 376. have a good journey 旅途愉快 377. have a good time 玩得很高兴,过得很愉快 378. have a good trip 一路顺风 379. have a hard time 过得困难 380. have a look (at ) 看一看 381. have a match 比赛 382. have a meeting 开会 383. have a rest 休息 384. have a swim 游泳 385. have a talk 谈话 386. have a test 测验 387. have a try 努力,尝试 388. have a walk 散步 389. have a wash 洗(手,脸) 390. have been to 曾经去了(现已回来了) 391. have gone to已经去(现还没回来) 392. have breakfast / lunch/ supper 吃早/ 午/ 晚饭 393. have got = have 有 394. have lessons (classes ) 上课 395. have no idea / don’t know 不知道 396. have some medicine 吃药 397. have sports 进行体育运动 398. have sth. with sb. 把某物带在某人身边 399. have to + 动词原形 不得不,必须 400. hear from sb. 收到某人的来信初中英语常用短语集锦(五)时间: 2009年03月19日 作者:匿名 来源:本站原创 401. hear of 听说 402. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 403. help sb. with sth. 在……帮助某人 404. help oneself (to) 随便吃…. 405. help each other 互相帮助 406. here and there 到处 407. Here we are 我们到了 408. Here you are 给你 409. high jump 跳高 long jump 跳远 410. hold a (sports) meeting 举行(运动)会 411. hold on在…… 等一等(别挂电话),坚持,继续 412. hold one’s breath 屏住气,不出声 413. hope that …… 期望……,希望…… 414. hope to do sth. 希望…… 415. hour after hour 一小时又一小时地,持续地 416. how far / long 多远/ 长/久 417. how many / much 多少/ 钱 418. how many times 多少次(对次数提问) 419. how often 多久一次(对频度副词提问) 420. how soon 多少时间之后(对“一段时间状语提问) 421. how wide 多宽 422. how old 多大年纪 423. how tall / high 多高 424. how about ….?……怎么样? 425. hot food 辣食 426. hundreds of 数百 427. hurry off 匆匆离去,赶快去 428. hurry up 赶快 429. human being 人 430. I think 我认为…… 431. I’d like to. …我想要,我愿意 432. I’m afraid (that)我恐怕 433. I’m sorry to do sth. 对做某事而抱歉 434. It’s hard to do sth. 做某事感到困难 435. It seems / seemed to sb. that … 在某人看来 436. It’s good / bad for sb. 对某人有益/ 有害 437. It’s time for …到…的时间了 438. in a couple of days / years 两三天/ 年内 439. in a day or two 一两天内 440. in a few days /weeks几天/ 周后 441. in a minute 一会儿,立刻 442. in a hurry 匆忙,立即 443. in all 总共 444. in different ways 以不同的方式,用不同的方式 445. in the same way 同样的,以同样的方法 446. in town 在城里,在镇上 447. in the city 在乡下 448. in an hour 一小时以后 449. in back of 在……后面 450. in bed 躺在床上 451. in church 去教堂做礼拜 452. in danger 处于危险之中,濒危 453. in English 用英语说 454. in fact 实际上,事实上 455. in front 在前方(面),在正对面 456. in front of 在……前面 457. in groups 分小组 458. in half 分成两半 459. in pairs 两个两个地 460. in the front of 在……前部 461. in hospital 生病,住院 462. in no time 立即,立刻,一下子 463. in one’s life 在有生之年内(从出生到现在) 464. in one’s fifties 某人50多岁时 465. in prison 关在监狱中(犯人) 466. in red ink 用红笔 467. instead of 代替,而不是 468. in the end 最后,终于,结局,终究 469. in the front of 在……的前头,……的前排 470. in (the) future 今后,将来 471. in the hospital 在这(那)所医院里 472. in the middle of 在……中间 473. in the morning 早上 474. in the prison 在监狱中工作,在这(那)所监狱中 475. in/on the wall 在墙上 476. in/to the north 在……北部,在……以北 477. in time 正好,及时 478. in a few years’ time 几年后 479. in ten minutes 十分钟后(与将来时态连用) 480. in the tree 在树上(非树本身) 481. in the wall 在墙上(凹进去) 482. in the open air 在露天 483. in the past 在过去 484. in the sun 在阳光下 485. in the sky 在空中 486. in the first /second half 在上/下半场 487. in the world 在世界上 488. in trouble 陷入困境,陷入麻烦中 489. invite sb. to… (邀)请某人…… 490. in space 在宇宙空间,占面积 491. instead of 代替 492. It takes sb. st. to do sth. 某人花费……做某事 493. It takes sth. to do sth. 做某事借助….的力量(花费 494. it’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 495. join in 参加,加入 496. jump across 跳过 497. jump away from 从……跳走 498. jump down 跳下来 499. jump into 跳进 500. jump off 跳下来初中英语常用短语集锦(六)时间: 2009年03月19日 作者:匿名 来源:本站原创 501. jump out of 跳出来 502. jump over 跳过去 503. jump the queue 插队 504. jump through 跳过 505. just a minute / moment 等一会儿 506. just now / right now刚才,现在,立即,马上 507. just then 正在那时 508. keep busy (一直)忙碌 509. keep doing sth. 持续做某事 510. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人做某事 511. knock at / on 敲门/ 窗 512. knock…into…把……敲进 513. keep on doing 继续做 514. keep a diary 坚持写日记 515. keep a list 列个表,列个清单 516. keep an eye out for sb. 关注某人 517. last Sunday / month 上个周日/ 月 518. last night 昨天 519. last summer 去年夏天 520. last week 上个星期 521. last year 去年 522. later on 以后,过后 523. laugh at 嘲笑 524. league member 共青团员 525. lead sb. through …. (a place ) 带领某人穿过某地 526. lead sb. to … (a place) 带某人去某地 527. learn sth. by heart 默记,背诵 528. learn from 以……学习,向……学习 529. lend…to…. 把…借…. 530. less than 少于,不到…. more than 多于,比…..更多 531. leave for 离开某地去…, 动身去…. 532. leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下 533. leave…behind…把…遗留在…… 534. let me see 让我看看 535. letter after letter 一封接一封 536. listen to 听…… 537. live on 靠……为生,继续存在 538. look after 照料,照顾 539. look around 向四周看,四处张望 540. look forward to (doing sth. )期盼着,盼望着 541. look for 寻找 542. look into 往……里看 543. look like 看起来像 544. look out 往外看 545. look out (for) 注意,小心 546. look out of往外看 547. look over (医生)检查 548. look the same 看起来很像 549. look up 查看,查寻,仰望 550. look young 看上去很年轻 551. lose one’s life 丧命(生) 552. lots of 许多,狠多,大量 553. make a mistake 犯错误,出差错 554. make money 赚钱 555. make tea 泡茶 556. make a good start 有了良好的开/端 557. make a chart 制图表 558. make a contribution to 为……做贡献 559. make a dialogue 进行对话 560. make a decision 做出决定 561. make it 约定,到来,成功,做到 562. make a telephone call 打电话 563. make (a) faces 做鬼脸 564. make a snowman 堆雪人 565. make progress (取得)进步 566. make a(any) noise 吵 567. make friends with 与……交朋友 568. make…from… 由……制造 569. make…of… 由……制造 570. make oneself at home 安适,不拘束 571. make one’s way to…往….(坚难)走去 572. make room for 给…..腾出地方 573. make sentences with 用……造句 574. make sure 务必,务请 575. make the bed 整理床铺 576. make up 编造,杜撰 577. make up one’s mind 下定决心,拿定主意 578. manage to do sth. 设法做… 579. marry sb. 娶/嫁给某人 580. Merry Christmas 圣旦快乐 581. more than 多于….,比…..多 582. more and more 越来越多 583. middle school 中学 584. Mid-autumn Day / Festival 中秋节 585. midfield player 中场球员 586. mobile phone 可移动电话,手机 587. Mount Qomolangma 588. move away 搬开,搬走 589. move on 继续向前移动 590. move to 搬到 591. more or less 多少有点,或多或少 592. much asleep 睡得很熟 593. much too 太…… 594. multiply …by… ….乘以….. 595. must not 不可以,不准 596. neither … nor… 既不….也不 597. neck and neck 并驾齐驱 598. never mind 不要紧,没关系 599. next month 下个月 600. next summer 下一个夏天
Amber已存在
这个网站里什么都有啊,你自己去看看吧,很详细的。。!!! 一般现在时的用法 一般过去时的用法 used to/be used to 一般将来时 be going to/will be to和be going to 一般现在时表将来 用现在进行时表示将来 现在完成时 比较过去时与现在完成时 用于现在完成时的句型 比较since和for since的四种用法 延续动词与瞬间动词 过去完成时 用一般过去时代替完成时 将来完成时 现在进行时 不用进行时的动词 过去进行时 将来进行时 一般现在时代替将来时 一般现在时代替过去时 一般现在时代替完成时 一般现在时代替进行时 现在进行时代替将来时 时态一致 时态与时间状语
草莓牛奶L
Summary of This TermⅠ Words:⒈Nouns:bookmark(书签) librarian(图书管理员) credit([U] 信用) hobby(爱好,复数形式为hobbies) know-all([英英] 自以为无所不知的人) know-it-all(know-all的美式说法) water sports(水上运动) super swimmer(指很厉害的游泳运动员) water-skiing([U] 滑水) canoe(独木舟,复数形式为canoes) canoeing([U] 指划独木舟这项运动) canoeist(划独木舟的选手) diving([U] 跳水) diver(跳水运动员) surfing([U] 冲浪运动) surfer(冲浪运动员) surfboard(冲浪板) surf shop(冲浪用具专卖店) serious surfer(正式冲浪运动员) the mainland(大陆,一般指中国大陆) channel(海峡) journey(艰难的旅程,trip指的是快乐的旅程,复数形式为journeys) headline(报纸的首行) sight(风景) tourist(旅游者) tour bus(旅游车) guide(向导,导游) senator(参议员) representative(代表) senate(参议院) congress(代表大会 [美] 国会,议会) nation(国家) monument(纪念碑) slave(奴隶) memorial(纪念馆) cemetery(墓地,复数形式为cemeteries) hero(英雄,复数形式为heroes) hall(大厅) Monument to the People’s Heroes([中] 人民英雄纪念碑) National People’s Congress(人民代表大会) rule(规则) leader(领导者) imagination([U] 想象力) vehicle(交通工具) kimono(和服,日本传统服装,复数形式为kimonos) the environment([U] 环境) litter(杂物) rubbish([U] 垃圾,为英国英语) dustbin(垃圾桶,为英国英语) battery(电池,复数为batteries) neighborhood(社区,街坊) environmental protection organization(环境保护组织) car(车厢) sleeping car(卧铺车厢) rail(铁轨) nightclub(夜总会) scenery([U] 景色) astronomer(天文学家) astronomy(天文学) heavenly body(天体) style(风格) shape(形状) Mercury(水星) Venus(金星) Earth(地球) Mars(火星) Jupiter(木星) Saturn(土星) Uranus(天王星) Neptune(海王星) Pluto(冥王星) a place of interest(名胜) brochure(小册子) instruction(指示) single / double room(单人/双人房间) icon(图标) tomb(坟墓) edge(边缘) rim(边缘) scuba(水肺,水中的呼吸器) coral reef(珊瑚) metal(金属) silver([U] 银) aluminum([U] 铝) platinum([U] 铂金) steel([U] 钢) nonmetal(非金属) wool([U] 羊毛) cotton([U] 棉) fleece([U] 羊毛) bracelet(手镯) jewelry([U] 珠宝) aircraft(飞行器,复数形式为aircraft) window frame(窗的框架) industry(工业) stream(小溪) particle(微粒) shark(鲨鱼) ginkgo(银杏树,复数形式为ginkgoes) watchtower(了望塔) explorer(探险家) society(社会) fable(寓言) bone(骨头) one’s own reflection(某人自己的倒影) inventor(发明家) light bulb(电灯泡) safety(安全的地方) raft(救生艇) spirit([U] 精神) bicycling(骑自行车) skyscraper(摩天大楼) harbor(港口) ferry(渡船) musical(音乐剧) customs (office)(海关) terrorist(恐怖分子) chemical weapon(化学武器) explosives(爆炸物,炸药,常以复数形式出现) explosion(爆炸) poppy(罂粟) drug trafficker(贩毒者) barn(马厩) decoration(装饰品) generosity([U] 慷慨) Savior(救世主) shepherd(牧羊人) cereal([U] 谷类食品) toast([U] 土司面包,单位名称为piece) cornflakes(玉米片) toaster(烤土司面包的机器) jelly([U] 果冻) rye([U] 黑麦) pancake(薄烤饼) syrup([U] 果汁) bacon([U] 咸肉) sausage(香肠) grapefruit(柚子) herb([U] 香草) balance([U] 平衡) nutritionist(营养学家) nutrition(营养学) dairy([U] 乳制品) grain([U] 谷物) fiber([U] 纤维) protein([U] 蛋白质) junk food(垃圾食品) preservative(防腐剂) mood(脾气,常以复数形式出现,即moods) polyester([U] 聚酯) nylon([U] 尼龙) cotton([U] 棉) leather([U] 皮革) fur([U] 皮毛) mink([U] 貂皮) writing brush(毛笔) bamboo([U] 竹子) Chinese character(汉字) disappearance(消失) earth([U] 泥土) audience([U] 观众,听众,代表一个群体,不能说an audience,要说one of the audience ) notice(告示) rule(规则) modem(调制解调器) the global village(地球村) increase([C] [U] 增长,重音在in上,即`increase) decrease([C] [U] 减少,重音在de上,即`decrease) challenge(挑战) diagram(图表) fisherman(渔民,复数形式为fishermen,读音相同) container(集装箱) port(港口) fishing boat(渔船) fishing net(渔网) hemisphere(半球) rival(竞争对手,注意,课本中为rivel,这是打印错误) Scandinavian(斯堪的纳维亚人,即北欧一带的人,包括挪威,瑞典,丹麦,冰岛,芬兰) sturgeon(鲟) caviar([U] 鱼子酱) liar(撒谎的人) ad(advertisement,广告) playmate(玩伴) education([U] 教育,学业) vet(兽医) earthquake(地震) pearl(珍珠) revolution(革命) the War of Independence(独立战争) section(部分) dome(圆屋顶) common(公共草地) pond(池塘) granite([U] 花岗岩) column(圆柱) battle(战役) performance([U] 表现) goal(球门) goalkeeper(守门员) striker(前锋) defender(后卫) midfielder(中锋) captain(队长) coach(教练) the first half(上半场) teamwork(齐心协力) check-out(收银处) description(描述) pouch(育儿袋) ostrich(鸵鸟) robber(抢劫者) robbery(抢劫案) victim(受害者) pickpocket(扒手) theft(盗窃案) detective(侦探) inspector(探长) criminal(罪犯) excuse(借口) witness(目击证人) crime(犯罪) height(高度) climber(登山者) profession(职业(运动)) mountaineer(专业登山运动员) mist([U] 薄雾) range(山脉) cliff(峭壁) alpenstock(登山杖) tent(帐篷) cylinder(圆筒) self-respect([U] 自尊) routine(常规) airline(航空公司) closet(衣橱) furniture([U] 家具,为不可数名词,量词要用a piece of furniture) farming([U] 农业) seed([C] [U] 种子) plow(犁) tractor(拖拉机) cultivator(播种机) swather(打谷机) threshing machine(联合收割机) mule(骡子) poultry(家禽) population(种类,相当于variety) entertainment([U] 娱乐圈) lyric(抒情诗) shore(岸,海滨) seashore(海岸,海滨) shell(贝壳) pebble(鹅卵石) dune(沙丘) lithograph(平版画) district(地区) institute(协会) goods(货物,商品,无单数形式) zone(地域,地区) a work of art(艺术品,复数形式为works of art) basketball court(篮球场地) golf court(高尔夫球场地) borough(自治区) commodity([U] 小商品,日用品) wholesaler(批发商) weeping willow(垂柳) neon light(霓虹灯) zoologist(动物学家) zoology(动物学) tail(尾巴) emotion([C] 情绪,情感) anger([U] [情感] 愤怒,生气) joy([C] [情感] 快乐,高兴) grief([U] [情感] 悲伤) excitement([U] [情感] 激动) handrail(把手) vine(藤) branch(树枝) boa (constrictor)(蟒蛇) ceiling(天花板) purpose(目的) Paradise(天堂) Christian(基督教徒) silence([U] 沉默,沉静) heavy industry(重工业) light industry(轻工业) ownership(所有权) share = stock(份额,股份) stock exchange(证券交易所) stockholder(股东) index(指数) stockbroker(股票经纪人,帮别人炒股的人) record(重音顺序为`--,纪录) oyster(牡蛎) producer(生产商) corporation(公司) tax(税,税款) petrochemical(石油化工产品) income(收入) appliance([U] 家电) manufacturing industry(制造产业) hurricane(飓风,狂风) balcony(阳台,复数形式为balconies) iron([U] 铁) courtyard(庭院,院子) jazz([U] 爵士乐) saxophone(萨克斯) plantation(种植园) sugar cane([U] 甘蔗) orchard(果园) attic(阁楼,顶楼) basement(地下室) tornado(旋风,龙卷风,复数形式为tornados) lawn(草坪) (lawn)mower(剪草机) weed([U] 野草) hoe(锄头) suburb(市郊,郊区) valley(山谷) ages(=a long time,一段比较长的时间) jaw(颚) the upper/lower jaw(上/下颚) paw(爪子) roar(吼叫) settler(移民者) native(本地人) tribe(部落) chief(酋长,复数形式为chiefs) fighter(战士) taboo(宗教禁忌) culture(文化,文明) enemy(敌人) anthropologist(人类学家) anthropology( 人类学) calorie(卡路里,能量的单位名称,复数形式为calories) content(含量) nutrient(营养物质) protein([U] 蛋白质) vitamin([U] 维生素) milligram(毫克) avocado(鳄梨,复数形式为avocadoes或avocados) oven(烤炉,烤箱) feast(筵席)⒉Adjectives:several(几个) so-called(所谓的) full-time(全部时间的,专任的) part-time(兼职的,部分时间的) national(国家的) recycling(可循环的) enjoyable(令人愉快的) lively(活跃的) underdressed(衣着不正式) overdressed(衣着过于正式) photographic(照相的) tiny(细小的) alike(相似的) private(私人的) undersea(海底的) greedy(贪婪的) frustrated(失败的) traditional(传统的) kind-hearted(热心的) generous(慷慨的) imaginary(想象的,假想的) scrambled(油炸的) boiled(沸腾的) poached(水煮的) artificial(人工的) moody(喜怒无常的) bad-tempered(脾气不好的) ordinary(普通的) digital(数字的,数码的) fragile(易碎的) northern(北方的) southern(南方的) western(西部的) eastern(东部的) crowded(拥挤的) secondhand(二手的) average(普通的) harmless(无害的) lonely(孤独的,寂寞的) rewarding(有益的,值得的) smelly(发臭的) painful(疼痛的) modern(现代化的) cultural(文化的) historical(历史的) gold-covered(被金覆盖住的) amazing(令人惊异的) confident(自信的) rough(粗野的) scared(害怕的) misty(薄雾笼罩的) steep(陡峭的) alive(活着的) essential(必不可少的) gentle(平缓的,指山坡不陡峭) shiny(发亮的,发光的) wild(野生的) ancient(古代的) hybrid(杂交的) tame(驯服的) fine(极好的,相当于excellent) fascinating(着迷的) learned(有学问的,学术上的) giant(巨大的) European(欧洲式的) cultural(文化的) changeable(可改变的) powerful(强大的,有力的) timid(胆小的) forbidden(禁止的) sacred(神圣的) certain(一定(量)的) roast(烤制的) subtropical(亚热带的) wroth(值得…)⒊Adverbs:probably(很可能,大概地) hardly(几乎不…) absolutely(绝对地) thus(这样,如此) mostly(主要地,大部分) fairly(相当地,后面加的是褒义词) rather(相当地,后面加的是贬义词) differently(不同地) recently(最近,相当于not long ago) way(远远地) someday(某一天) properly(正常地) unfortunately(不幸地)⒋Verbs:renew(更新,续借) encourage(鼓励,encouraged,encouraged) canoe(划独木舟,canoed,canoed) dive(跳水,dived,dived) surf(冲浪) describe(形容,described,described) free(解放,freed,freed) bury(埋葬,buried,buried) imagine(想象,imagined,imagined) harm(损害) spit(吐(痰),spat,spat) collect(搜集) support(支持) bowl(打保龄球) book(预订) mine(开采) mount(镶嵌) tarnish(失去光泽) replace(代替) float(漂浮) attack(攻击) explore(探索) appear(出现) bark(吠叫) frighten(吓唬) graduate(毕业,完成学业) picnic(野餐,注意,picnic的现在分词是picnicking) sniff(用力吸,用力嗅) decorate(装饰) overeat(吃过量,overate,overeaten) suggest(提示,提醒) affect(影响) disappear(消失) appear(出现) explain(解释) dig(挖,dug,dug) obey(遵守) prevent(预防) launch(发射(火箭)) provide(提供,provided,provided) increase(增长,重音在crease上面,即in`crease) decrease(减少,重音在crease上面,即de`crease) multiply(乘以…) prefer(更愿意做某事,过去式为preferred) freeze(冷冻,froze,frozen) defrost(解冻) fillet(把(鱼、肉)切成片) worry(撕咬) lie(撒谎,lied,lied) tell(分辨) wag(摇摆,wagging,wagged,wagged) treat(治疗) heal(治愈) rock(摇动) mark(标志) shoot(射,shot,shot) kick(踢) score(得分) beat(打败,beat,beaten) expect(期望) spill(溅出,spilt,spilt) describe(形容,described, described) rob(抢劫,robbed, robbed) measure(丈量,测量,measured, measured) escape(逃跑,逃脱,escaped, escaped) trap(陷入困境,trapped, trapped) bang(猛击) ride(搭乘) curl((使)卷曲) farm(耕种,干农活) sow(播种,sowed,sown) plow(耕田) cultivate(耕种) supply(提供,supplied,supplied) reap(收割) thresh(打谷) combine(联合) breed(繁殖,bred,bred) accompany(陪伴) bend(弯曲,bent,bent) fascinate(使…着迷,fascinated,fascinated) behave(举动,举止,behaved,behaved) hibernate(冬眠,hibernated,hibernated) weep(哭泣,wept,wept) mourn(哀悼) raise(募集,raised,raised) rebuild(重建) record(重音顺序为-`-,记录) earn(赚,挣) merge(合并,merged,merged) manufacture(制造,加工) raise(=plant,种植) mow(剪草) weed(除草) recognize(认出) save(存款) nibble(一点一点地咬) roar(吼叫) squeak(吱吱叫,形容老鼠的叫声) squeeze(挤) beg(乞求,乞讨,begged, begged) punish(惩罚) roast(烘烤) stuff(填充)⒌Places:Hawaii(夏威夷) Honolulu(火奴鲁鲁,夏威夷州首府) Waikiki(怀基基海滩) Bondi Beach(邦戴海滩) Newquay Cape Town the Capitol Building(国会大厦) the House of Representatives(下议院) the Supreme Court(最高法院) the White House(白宫) the Great Hall of the People(人民大会堂) Statue of Liberty(自由女神像) the Empire State Building(纽约国会大厦,Empire State是纽约州的nickname) Broadway(百老汇) the Wall Street(美国华尔街) the Gobi Desert(戈壁沙漠) Nepal(尼泊尔) (the island of) Cyprus(塞浦路斯岛) Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹,荷兰首都) Holland(荷兰) Belgium(比利时) Saudi Arabia(沙特阿拉伯) United Arab Emirates(阿拉伯联合酋长国,简称阿联酋,缩写为UAE) Nigeria(尼日利亚) Brussels(布鲁塞尔,比利时首都) Louisiana(路易斯安那州)⒍Prepositions:per(每一) besides(除了) against(对抗) around(=about,大约)⒎Conjunctions:whether(是否) however(然而)Ⅱ Phrases:on different subjects(关于不同的科目) encourage sb. to do(鼓励某人做某事) come up with(提出,想出) ride waves(在浪之间穿梭) live to(为…而生的) come across sb. / sth. (遇到某人或某事) so far(迄今为止) come true(实现,变成现实) together with(和) slow down(降低速度) the pride of(…的骄傲) speak highly of(称赞) take a tour of(做一次旅行) take … around(带领…转一圈) vote on(表决) a copy of(一份) such (a/an) + adj. +n. reach up into the sky(直插云霄) vote for(投票支持) vote against(投票反对) so many books = such a lot of books so much trouble = such a lot of trouble do well/badly in(在某方面做得好/不好) make a contribution to doing/sth.(对…有贡献) come out(照片冲洗出来) offer sth. to(提供…) an expert on(某方面的专家) an interview with sb.(对某人的一次采访) in just the right place(恰好在正确的位置上) search the Internet(在网上搜索资料) one’s stay at(某人在某处的经历) in the old days(在以前) for one thing(首先) feed on(以…为食) come in different sizes / shapes…(不同的大小/形状) warn sb. about(警告某人) be amazed at(着迷于…) make it possible by doing(因为做了某事而使另一件事实现) draw a moral(讲出寓意) grab … away(把…抢走) turn … down / up(把…关小 / 开大) at the age of(在…岁时) be able to(能够) during one’s lifetime(在某人的一生中) get sb. to do(让某人做某事) try out(试验,尝试) have nothing to do with(和…没有关系) give sb. a new start in life(给某人生命中一个新的开始) be thankful to sb. for sth. / doing sth.(对某人很感激) think much of(重视,尊重) make it(达到目标) have confidence in(对…有信心) stop for (sth.)(为停下来吃/喝) stand out(突出,显眼) the heart of(…的中心) be trained to do(被训练做某事) sniff at(嗅,闻…) sniff out sth.(发现,寻找) get through the Costumes(通过海关) take drugs(吸毒) the arrival of = the coming of put up(挂起) decorate … with …(用…装饰…) go from (house) to (house) doing(从(一间房子)走到(另一间房子),一边走一边做某事) be based on(以…为依据) be to do(将要做某事) go by = go past = pass(经过…旁边 ) the diet of …(…的饮食) start … with(以…开始) finish … with(以…结束) lose one’s balance(失去平衡) keep one’s balance(保持平衡) be high in …(在…中含量很高) be low in …(在…中含量很低) cut out(停止,放弃) cut down on(减少) be made of …(由…制成,一般肉眼可以直接看出) be made from …(由…制成,一般肉眼不能直接看出) tell the time(显示时间) be used as …(被当作…使用) be on display(在展览的) be covered with feathers(被羽毛覆盖) long before(很早以前) so that(为的是) a notice to …(给…的告示) more or less(或多或少) prevent … from(预防) because of = thanks to(因为,后面加名词或短语) put … together(装配) have a good knowledge of …(在…方面有很多知识) set one’s mind to do(下决心做某事) prefer to do … rather than do …(宁愿…,也不愿…) be worth …(价值…) far away from …(离…很远) a flock of sheep(一群羊,注意,量词用的是flock) come (running) to do sth.((跑步)过来做某事) cry wolf(谎报军情) tell lies(撒谎) be excited about(为…而激动) be worn out(穿旧了) have to = have got to(不得不) buy sth. online(在线购买某物) live out in the country(住在乡村) an ad for …(一则…的广告) make a decision(做一个决定) have sth. done = ask sb. else to do sth. for you regard … as …(把…看作…) keep a pet(饲养宠物) be grateful to sb. for doing sth.(对某人做的某事而感激) make up one’s mind to do(下决心做某事) have some experience in doing sth.(在做某事上有经验) before long = soon after get an injection(打针) give sb. an injection(给某人打针) as if(好像) be busy with(忙于…) be just in time to do(恰好及时做了某事) belong to(属于) at the time of(在…时候) be home to(成为…的家) the battle of(…战役) the very best of(最好的…) be pleased with(对…感到高兴) carry on doing sth.(持续做某事) kick a goal(射门并进球) make a successful shot(进球) A beat B = B lose to A from start to finish(从开始到结束) make the score 1-0(把比分改写成1-0) expect (sb.) to do sth.(希望(某人)做某事) spill … over / on(…溅到…) from now on(从现在起) match one’s description(与某人的形容地一样) run away with(带着…逃跑) break into(破门而入) the victim of(…的受害者) steal sth. from sb.(从某人处偷得某物) one’s excuse for (not) doing(借口(不)干某事) a witness to(…的目击证人) give a description(描述,形容) be known to sb.(被某人知道) keep sb. alive(使某人存活下来) go after(追逐) meet sb. halfway(在半路上遇见某人) fall short of(不足,缺乏) be in charge of(负责…) be happy in one’s career(从事某项职业很快乐) more or less = or so(大约,差不多,要加在修饰的词后面) give sb. a ride(让某人搭乘) go to sales(去买打折商品) put sb. up(借宿) be / get used to doing(习惯于做某事,后面加的是doing,不是do) make a reservation for / of sth.(预约某物) in place of = instead of(代替,in place of的用法于instead of的用法类似) suggest (to sb.宾格) sb.主格 should do sth.(建议某人做某事,注意,这里介词用的是to) give sb. a helping hand with sth. / in doing(帮助某人) hear of(听到…消息) B.C. = before Christ(公元前) supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth.(给某人提供某物) cross … with …(把…与…杂交) across between … with …(…与…的杂交品种) be known for(因为…而被知道) take a trip to(做一次旅行) back and forth(来回地) find sb./sth. + adj.(发现…很…,如find her fascinating) keep … away(防范…) live off(靠…生活) stand on(靠…站立) a second/third/fourth … leg = another leg(另一条腿) hold on to(紧抓住) hang (from …) by …(靠…挂(在…)) weep for(为…而流泪) mourn for sb.(哀悼某人) the loss/death of sb.(某人的死) call … for short(简称) on record(纪录上) get a loan(贷款) a producer of sth. = a sth. producer(某产品的生产商) earn money by doing = make money from sth.(靠…赚钱) make up(组成) earn one’s living (by doing)((靠…)生活) in town(在城市中) way(adv.) out of town(离城市很远) the heart of(…的中心) keep one’s (European) feeling(保持(欧洲式的)风格) stop for sth. to eat/drink(停下来吃/喝点东西) keep sth. as they were more than 100 years ago(保持它们100多年前的样子) much too + adj.(太…,一般是指不好的,如much too expensive) in some way(s)(在某些方面) nibble (on/at) sth.(在某物上一点一点地咬) beg to do sth.(乞求做某事) teach sb. a lesson(给某人一个教训) look down on(轻视,蔑视) draw a lesson (from …)((从…)得到一个教训) believe in(信仰) a sort of(一种…) catch disease() an increase(n.) in …(…方面的增长) a decrease(n.) in …(…方面的下降) have something to do with(与…有联系) have a high fat content(有很高的脂肪含量) put sth. inside a turkey(把某物放进一只火鸡里面) stuff a turkey with(用…填充火鸡) a herd of camel(一群骆驼,注意,量词是herd,而不是flock) prepare dinner = get the dinner ready(准备晚饭) prepare for dinner = get ready for dinner(准备吃晚饭,注意与前面两个词组的区别)Ⅲ Patterns and expressions:Ø Have you got any friends from abroad?Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.(这里需注意,have got = have,但是助动词不一样,have got用have,have用do)Ø Have you ever learned this pattern?Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t.(这是一种典型的现在完成时态)Ø Grandma lost the book and can’t find it. What was worse, she lost more books.(what was worse放在句中,起到承上启下的作用,表示一种更坏的情况)Ø Once you start, it’s hard to stop.(once的意思为“一旦”)Ø Hawaii is famous for the beach for water sports, especially surfing, it attracts lots of people to the island.(… be famous for…, especially…, … attract to…是一个非常常用的句式)Ø
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