hawking英文介绍

霍金的英语介绍：

Stephen William Hawking was born in Oxford, England, in 1963. At the age of 21, Hawking suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

He was paralyzed, unable to speak, and had only three fingers to move. From 1979 to 2009, he was professor of mathematics of Lucas.

His main research fields are cosmology and black holes. He proved the singularity theorem and black hole area theorem of general relativity.

proposed the black hole evaporation theory and the boundless Hawking universe model, and unified the two basic theories of physics in the 20th century. Einstein's theory of relativity and Planck's quantum mechanics have taken an important step forward.

Won honors of CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA, etc. On March 14, 2018, Hawking died at the age of 76. After Hawking's death, it caused worldwide mourning.

中文释义：

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金出生于英国牛津，1963年，霍金21岁时患上肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症，全身瘫痪，不能言语，手部只有三根手指可以活动。

1979至2009年任卢卡斯数学教授，主要研究领域是宇宙论和黑洞，证明了广义相对论的奇性定理和黑洞面积定理，提出了黑洞蒸发理论和无边界的霍金宇宙模型，在统一20世纪物理学的两大基础理论。爱因斯坦创立的相对论和普朗克创立的量子力学方面走出了重要一步。

获得CH、CBE、FRS、FRSA等荣誉。2018年3月14日，霍金逝世，享年76岁。霍金逝世后，引发全球各界悼念。

扩展资料：

20世纪70年代，霍金与彭罗斯一道证明了著名的奇性定理，为此他们共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖。他因此被誉为继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家。

凭一本薄薄的《时间简史》征服了全世界3000万读者。黑洞理论使量子论和热力学在“霍金辐射”中得到完美统一，而他在20世纪80年代提出的无边界设想的量子宇宙论，解决了困扰科学界几百年的“第一推动”问题。

参考资料来源：百度百科—霍金

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金，英国剑桥大学著名物理学家，20世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，下面是我为你整理的霍金的简介英文版，希望对你有用!

Stephen William Hawking, born in Oxford, England on January 8, 1942, won CH (British Lord of Honor), CBE (British Empire Commander Medal), FRS (Royal Society Member), FRSA (British Royal Art Association members) and other honors. He is a famous physicist at Cambridge University, one of the greatest physicists of modern times and one of the great men of the 20th century.

He suffers from muscular atrophic lateral sclerosis (Luganle's disease), generalized paralysis, can not speak, hand only three fingers can be active.

From 1979 to 2009, he was a professor of mathematics at Lucas. He was the most respected professor in Britain. Hawking's main research field is cosmology and black hole, which proves the singularity theorem and black hole area theorem of general relativity, and puts forward the black hole evaporation theory and the boundless Hawking cosmic model. In the process of unifying the two basic theories of physics in the 20th century, Einstein founded the theory of relativity and Planck's quantum mechanics to create an important step forward.

Stephen William Hawking's research laid the groundwork for today's understanding of the black hole and the origin of the universe, but according to himself, he said that he was in the animated "The Simpsons" and the science fiction episode "Star Trek: Next Generation" (Star Trek: The Next Generation) is also wonderful.

Hawking emphasizes that the universe does not need a Creator or "God" in the "Great Design", "philosophy is dead", which means that mankind will be detached from ignorant self-slavery, denying that pure philosophy and religion can really explain Naturally, it also shows that the major religions are only the ancient spiritual world to explore the unknown, the pursuit of immortal system, rather than the objective truth. With the progress of the times, human civilization is also catch up, not far behind, which is why generations of people of insight to the existence of life and the meaning of the universe. To solve these propositions should have been the task of the philosopher, but unfortunately the highly developed science makes the philosophy can not keep up. Hawking in the "big design" of the opening that "philosophy is dead" is the meaning.

Hawking hopes to solve the mystery of the birth of the universe, the 1970s, Hawking quantum mechanics applied to explain the phenomenon of black hole, in the next 30 years, with quantum mechanics to explain the universe has become more difficult. Hawking wanted to find a set of theories that could explain the universe as a whole to illustrate the birth of the 13.7 billion years of the universe until now, but it has not been concluded for years even if it is infinitely close. According to his theory of quantum mechanics, the birth of the universe is the big bang produced, which is a compressed infinitely small but with large gravity of the material (also can be understood as the density of infinite) explosion products. The theoretical category of quantum mechanics can not explain how this process is going to be done. Why is it so? Hawking says "that must have a theory that can describe small-scale gravity."

The latest scientific breakthrough is Hawking's colleague, Michael Smith of London's Queen Mary's College (Michael. Green) involved in the construction of the superstring theory, referred to as "string theory", which states that all particles and natural forces are actually in shock In the universe like a small object, to solve the Hawking has always wanted to try to answer the gravity problem, this theory must be established in the universe must have 9,10 or even greater than 11 dimensions, and human beings in the three-dimensional world may only One of the real ones of the universe ...

A large number of scientists around the world are doing experiments in space and earth to prove string theory and from experiments to support Hawking's black hole theory and quantum theory. January 24, 2014, the famous British scientist Professor Stephen Hawking once again with its black hole-related theory shocked the physics, in a recently published paper admitted that "black hole does not exist," but "gray hole" indeed exist. In a paper entitled "Information Preservation and Weather Forecasting For Black Holes", Hawking points out that "black holes do not exist" because they can not find the boundaries of black holes. In order to solve the "firewall" problem in the new theory set "black hole does not exist", it does not really do not exist. The black hole of the boundary, also known as the "horizon", the classic black hole theory that the black hole outside the material and radiation can enter the black hole through the horizon, and any material and radiation within the black hole can not wear out horizons.

Hawking's latest "gray hole" theory that material and energy in the black hole trapped after a period of time, will be re-released into the universe. He admitted in his essay that his initial knowledge of the horizon was flawed, and that light could cross the horizon. When the light flies the black hole core, its movement is like a person running on a treadmill, slowly through the outward radiation and shrink. "The classical black hole theory argues that any matter and radiation can not escape the black hole, and quantum mechanics suggests that energy and information can escape from the black hole." Hawking also pointed out that the interpretation of this escape process requires a gravity And other basic forces of successful integration of the theory. In the past hundred years, no one in physics has tried to explain this process.

For Hawking's "gray hole" theory, some scientists expressed approval, it was skeptical. Joseph Polchinski, a theoretical physicist at the Cuban Institute of Theoretical Physics, points out that according to Einstein's theory of gravity, the boundary of the black hole is present, but it differs from the rest of the universe Not obvious. In fact, as early as 2004, Hawking had made a similar statement. On July 21 of that year, Hawking pointed out at the 17th International Symposium on General Theory of Relativity and Gravitation that the Black Hole was not "completely swallowed" around it, as he and most other physicists had previously thought, Some of the information that is sucked into the depths of the black hole may be released at some point.

In 1973, Hawking said he calculated by the conclusion that the black hole in the formation of the process of its quality reduction, but also continue to be in the form of energy to the outside world radiation. This is the famous Hawking radiation theory, the theory mentioned in the black hole radiation does not include the black hole inside the material of any information, once the black hole is concentrated and evaporated disappear, all of which information will disappear, which is the so-called The "black hole paradox". This theory and quantum mechanics of the relevant theories appear contradictory. Because modern quantum physics finds that this material information is never completely gone.

For more than 30 years, Hawking tried to explain this contradictory view with various speculations. Hawking has said that the quantum movement of the black hole is a special case, because the gravity in the black hole is very strong, quantum mechanics at this time is no longer applicable. Hawking's argument does not convince the scientific community of skeptical scholars. It now appears that Hawking finally gave this year's contradictory view of a more convincing answer. Hawking said the black hole never completely shut itself - Hawking radiation, they in a long period of time gradually to the outside world to radiate more and more heat, then the black hole will eventually open themselves and release the material contained in the information.

On August 16, 1616, Jeff Steinhauer, a professor at the Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, proved the quantum effect of Hawking radiation in a paper published in the journal Nature Physics. He made a sound black hole instead of a light black hole, using a long tube with sound particles, the phonon "horizon". In 2014, Professor Steinhall found that the phonemes were randomly generated in the horizon. In his latest results, Steinhouse proved that these phonons were one of a pair of related phonons, thus proving the quantum effect of Hawking radiation.

April 12, 2016, the famous British physicist Stephen Hawking in New York New World Trade Center Observatory announced a plan called "breakthrough star" plan, with the Russian businessman Yuri Milner, the US social networking site Facebook Founder Zuckerberg collaborated to build a new space exploration project, build a large number of miniature interplanetary spaceships and launch them at half the speed of light to the Centaur Alpha Star. The day was the sixth international manned space day established by the United Nations and the 55th anniversary of the first manned space flight.

Milner said at a press conference that the initial investment in the "Breakthrough Star" program would be $ 100 million to develop a miniature interplanetary spacecraft using laser propulsion and to fly to Centauri in the current generation of time Star of the target.

According to reports, plans to build a miniature interstellar spacecraft called "nano-aircraft", which consists of a "star" computer chip as a hull. Milner at the press conference to show the "star" of the original product. The chip is only two or three centimeters square, a few grams of weight, but integrated camera, photon thruster, navigation and transmission components, is a complete space exploration function of the aircraft, and manufacturing costs only equivalent to an iPhone.

The chip will be installed on the name of "light sail" of the ultra-material cloth Peng, through the ground to launch high-energy laser power to promote, "light sail" can absorb laser energy, driven by micro-spacecraft forward. Because the quality of the spacecraft is very small, there is almost no resistance in space, in the continuous acceleration of the laser, the theoretical calculation shows its speed up to one fifth of the speed of light. If successful, this will allow the spacecraft to arrive near the Earth for about 20 years 4.37 light-year-old Centaurian Alpha Star near. Centaur Alpha Star is one of the closest stars from the solar system, but the existing fastest spacecraft also need to spend 30,000 years to fly there.

"Today, we are determined to take a big step forward in exploring the universe," Hawking said at the press conference, "because we are human beings, longing for flying is our nature.

Chinese experts: Hawking's "spacecraft" is still science fiction

Stephen William hawking, the university of Cambridge department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics professor, the contemporary most important general relativity and cosmology, is one of the great men enjoy international reputation, known as the greatest scientist of the living, also known as the "king of the universe". In the 70 s he with Penrose proved famous singularity theorem, they jointly won the 1988 Wolf prize for physics. He was hailed as the world's most famous after Einstein scientific thinker and most outstanding theoretical physicist. He also proved that the black hole area theorem, that is, with the increase of time the area of a black hole. On January 8, 2012, hawking predicted that the earth will be facing a nuclear war in the one thousand catastrophe, such as human only on Mars or other ? in the solar system史蒂芬·威廉·霍金，英国剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授，当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论家，是当今享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，被称为在世的最伟大的科学家，还被称为“宇宙之王”。70年代他与彭罗斯一起证明了著名的奇性定理，为此他们共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖。他因此被誉为继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家。他还证明了黑洞的面积定理，即随着时间的增加黑洞的面积不减。2012年1月8日霍金预言，地球将在千年内面临核战之类的大灾难，人类只有在火星或太阳系其他星球殖民，才能避免灭绝。 望采纳~

Stephen William Hawking, one of the greatest physicists of modern times and one of the greatest men of international renown in the 20th century.

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金，现代最伟大的物理学家之一、20世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一。

The main research fields are cosmology and black holes. The singularity theorem of general relativity and the area theorem of black holes are proved. The evaporation theory of black holes and the boundless Hawking cosmic model are proposed.

主要研究领域是宇宙论和黑洞，证明了广义相对论的奇性定理和黑洞面积定理，提出了黑洞蒸发理论和无边界的霍金宇宙模型。

On March 14, 2018, Hawking died at the age of 76. After Hawking's death, the world mourned him from all walks of life.

2018年3月14日，霍金逝世，享年76岁。霍金逝世后，引发全球各界悼念。

史蒂芬·威廉·霍金是本世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，剑桥大学数学及理论物理学系教授，当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论家。荣获英国剑桥大学卢卡斯数学教席，这是自然科学史上继牛顿和狄拉克之后荣誉最高的教席。

20世纪70年代他与彭罗斯一道证明了著名的奇性定理，为此他们共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖。他因此被誉为继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家。

凭一本薄薄的《时间简史》征服了全世界3000万读者。黑洞理论使量子论和热力学在“霍金辐射”中得到完美统一，而他在20世纪80年代提出的无边界设想的量子宇宙论，解决了困扰科学界几百年的“第一推动”问题。

参考资料来源：百度百科-斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金

Stephen Huo Jin was born in 1942 , got the physics doctorate , did research work in British Cambridge University. Have already while getting 21 years old ago perceived, He unavoidably fell down once getting about. Though she suffers from the serious encephalopathic day by day, he decide that continues being engaged in the research and writing. Speaking , read and writing that oneself can even if will have fingers of a hand that can move about in the future that he must find the method to make. That " time biref history " of his became the best seller in 1988. 斯蒂芬·霍金1942年出生，获得过物理学博士学位，在英国剑桥大学作过研究工作。到21岁的时候就已经察觉到，他一走动就难免摔倒。虽然她患有日趋严重的脑病，但是他决定继续从事研究和写作。他必须找到办法使自己即使今后有一只手的手指能够活动也能讲话、阅读和写作。他的那本《时间简史》在1988年成了畅销书