爷很忙2
三种贸易术语：《国际贸易术语解释通则》中共有13个贸易术语，其中使用最多的是装运港交货的三种术语；FOB，CFR和CIF。这三种贸易术语，都只适用于海运和内河运输，买卖双方在货物交接方式和责任、费用、风险划分中所承担的义务基本一致，只是在运输和保险的责任上有所区别。FOB=FREE ON BOARDA． FOB（...named port of shipment）——装运港船上交货 （——指定装运港）按照《通则》的解释，卖方必须在合同规定的装运期内，在指定的装运港将货物装上买方指定的船上，并及时通知买方。货物在装运港越过船舷，风险即由卖方转移至买方。买方负责租船订舱，支付运费，在合同规定的期间到达装运港接运货物，并将船名及装船日期给予卖方充分的通知。卖方要负责取得出口报关所需的各种证件，并负责办理出口手续。买方则负责取得进口报关所需的各种证件，并负责进口报关。卖方应向买方提供通常的单证，证明已完成交货装船的义务。 其中的运输单据则应在买方承担费用和风险的条件下，卖方给予一切协助，取得有关运输合同的运输单据。买方应接受与合同相符的货物和单据，并按照合同规定支付货款。CFR= COST+FRIGHTB． CFR（...named port of destination）——成本加运费（...指定目的港）CFR与FOB不同之处在于，由卖方负责租船订舱并支付运费。按《通则》解释，卖方只需按通常条件租船订舱，经习惯航线运送货物。CFR在货物装船、风险转移、办理进出口手续和交单、接单付款方面，买卖双方的义务和FOB是相同的。CIF=COST+INSURANCE+FREIGHTC． CIF（named port of destination）——成本加保险费加运费（...指定目的港）CIF与CFR相比，买卖双方所承担的义务相同。但以CIF方式成交，卖方还承担为货物办理运输保险并支付保险费的义务。在FOB和CFR中，由于买方是为自己所承担的运输风险而办理保险，因而不构成一种义务、按《通则》解释，卖方应在不迟于货物越过船舷时，办理货运保险。在合同无明示时，卖方可按保险条款中低责任的险别投保，投保金额最低为CIF价格的110％。2.在具体业务中应注意的问题A.风险和费用的划分界限问题《通则》以“报过船舷”作为划分买卖双方所承担的风险和费用责任的界限。这里的风险是指货物灭失或损坏的风险，而费用是指正常运费以外的费用。但从实际作业来看，装船是一个连续的过程。从岸上起吊到装船入舱。不可能在船舷这条界限划分双方的责任。由于《通则作为惯例并不是强制性的，在买卖合同中，双方可以另行约定。实际业务中，卖方应向买方提供“已装船提单”，这表明双方约定由卖方承担货物装入船舱为止的一切风险和费用责任。B.FOB方式中的船贷衔接问题《通则》规定，买方应给予卖方关于船名、装船地点和所要求的交货时间的充分的通知。在实务中，为了保证卖方备货和买方派船接货互相衔接。这一到船通知是必不可少的。如有需要，可在合同中对买方应在船到港多少时间前通知卖方作出规定。C.CFR方式中的已装船通知CFR方式中，卖方向买方发出已装船通知，具有通知买方及时办理保险的作用。买方办理进口货物保险时，保险公司按有关的装船通知承保。如果卖方未能及时向买方发出已装船通知。致使买方未能及时办理保险，则万一货物在运输途中发生灭失或损坏，其风险仍由卖方承担。所以，CFR方式中，卖方应特别注意及时向买方发出装船通知。D.《1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本》中的FOB《修正本》中将FOB分为六种，只有第五种是装运港船上交货。与《通则》的FOB相近，但该术语的出口报关的责任在买方而不在卖方。所以我国在与美国、加拿大等国家洽谈进口贸易使用FOB方式成交时，除在FOB后注明Vessel外。还应明确由对方（卖方）负责办理出口结关手续。E.关于租船运输时，装卸费用的负担问题如果使用班轮运输，班轮运费内包括了装卸费用。但在大宗货使用租船运输时，船方是否承担装卸责任，也即运费中是否包括装卸费用，需由租船合同另行规定。故买卖双方在商定买卖合同，应明确装卸费用由谁负担。通常以贸易术语的变形，即在贸易术语后加列字句来加以说明。A.以FOB方式成交，纪明确装船费用由何方负担。常见的FOB术语的变形有：FOB Liner Terms（FOB班轮条件），装船费用按照班轮的做、由支付运费的一方，即买方负担。FOB Under Tackle（FOB吊钩下交货），卖方负责将货物交至买方指定的船只吊钩所及之处，吊装费用由买方负担。FOB Stowed（FOB理舱费在内），卖方负担将货物装入船仓并承担包括理船费在内的装船费用。理舱费是指货物入舱后进行安置和整理的费用。FOB Trimmed(FOB平舱费在内），卖方负担将货物装入船仓并承担包括平舱费在内的装船费用。平舱费是指对入舱的散装货物平整所产生的费用。B.以CFR和CIF方式成交。需明确卸货费用由谁负担。CFR和CIF术语的变形相类似、以CIF为例，主要有:CIF Liner Terms（CIF班轮条件），卸货费由支付运费的一方，即卖方负担。CIF Ex Ship's Hold(CIF舱底交货），买方负担将货物从舱底吊卸到码头的费用。CIF Landed（CIF卸到岸上），卖方负担将货物卸到目的港岸上的费用。包括驳船费和码头费。F.象征性交货卖方在装运港将货物装至船上以运交买方，然后卖方通过一定程序（比如：付款交单、信用证）向买方提交包括物权凭证（海运提单）在内的全部合格单据，即完成了交货义务，运输单据上的出单（或装运）日期，即为“交货日期”、这种方式称为象征性交货。以这种方式订立的合同，卖方只负责装运，无需保证到货，所以又称为装运合同，以区别于交货合同。FOB、CFR、CIF 三种术语，均属于象征性交货，与之相对应，买方是凭单付款，所以装运单据在这类交易中具有特别重要的意义。三）.向承运人交货的三种贸易术语1.“交货承运人”的概念向承运人交货的贸易术语有三种，它们是：FCA=FREE CARRIERFCA（...named carrier）——货交承运人（......指定地点）CPT=COST PAY TOCPT（...... named place of destination）——运费付至（......指定目的地）CIP=COST INSURANCE PAY TOCIP（...named place of destination）——运费、保险费付至（......指定目的地）这三种贸易术语不仅适用于海运和内河运输，而且适用于航空运输、铁路运输和公路运输。它们均属于象征性交货。DUTY AGAINST FRONTER=DAFDAF边境交货 适用于各种运输方式DES=DUTY EXCHANG AGAINST SHIPDES目的港船上交货 适用于海运和内河运输DEQ=DUTY AGAINST (Q..我忘了抱歉)DEQ目的港船上交货 适用于海运和内河运输DDU= DUTY UNPAIDDDU未完税交货 适用于各种运输方式DDP=DUTY PAIDDDP完税后交货 适用于各种运输方式
热心网友小王
付款用语 付款方法 mode of payment 现金付款 payment by cash||cash payment||payment by ready cash 以支票支付 payment by cheque 以汇票支付 payment by bill 以物品支付 payment in kind 付清||支付全部货款 payment in full||full payment 支付部分货款||分批付款 payment in part||part payment||partial payment 记帐付款||会计帐目内付款 payment on account 定期付款 payment on term 年分期付款 annual payment 月分期付款 monthly payment||monthly instalment 延滞付款 payment in arrear 预付货||先付 payment in advance||prepayment 延付货款 deferred payment 立即付款 prompt payment||immediate payment 暂付款 suspense payment 延期付款 delay in payment||extension of payment 支付票据 payment bill 名誉支付||干与付款 payment for honour||payment by intervention 结帐||清算||支付 settlement 分期付款 instalment 滞付||拖欠||尾数款未付 arrears 特许拖延付款日 days of grace 保证付款 del credere 付款 to pay||to make payment||to make effect payment 结帐 to settle||to make settlement||to make effect settlement||to square||to balance 支出||付款 to defray||to disburse 结清 to clear off||to pya off 请求付款 to ask for payment||to request payment 恳求付帐 to solicit payment 拖延付款 to defer payment||to delay payment 付款被拖延 to be in arrears with payment 还债 to discharge 迅速付款 to pay promptly 付款相当迅速 to pay moderately well||to pay fairly well||to keep the engagements regularly 付款相当慢 to pay slowly||to take extended credit 付款不好 to pay badly||to be generally in arrear with payments 付款颇为恶劣 to pay very badly||to never pay unless forced 拒绝付款 to refuse payment||to refuse to pay||to dishonour a bill 相信能收到款项 We shall look to you for the payment||We shall depend upon you for the payment ||We expect payment from you 惠请付款 kindly pay the amount||please forward payment||please forward a cheque. 我将不得不采取必要步骤运用法律手段收回该项货款 I shall be obliged to take the necessary steps to legally recover the amount. ||I shall be compelled to take steps to enforce payment. 惠请宽限 let the matter stand over till then.||allow me a short extension of time. ||Kindly postpone the time for payment a little longer. 索取利息 to charge interest 附上利息 to draw interest||to bear interest||to allow interest 生息 to yield interest 生息3% to yield 3% 存款 to deposit in a bank||to put in a bank||to place on deposit||to make deposit 在银行存款 to have money in a bank||to have a bank account||to have money on deposit 向银行提款 to withdraw one's deposit from a bank 换取现金 to convert into money||to turn into cash||to realize 折扣用语 从价格打10%的折扣 to make a discount of 10% off the price||to make 10% discount off the price 打折扣购买 to buy at a discount 打折扣出售 to sell at a discount 打折扣-让价 to reduce||to make a reduction 减价 to deduct||to make a deduction 回扣 to rebate 现金折扣 cash discount 货到付款||现金提货 cash on deliver (C.O.D.) 货到付现款 cash on arrival 即时付款 prompt cash 净价||最低价格付现 net cash 现金付款 ready cash 即期付款 spot cash||cash down||cash on the nail 凭单据付现款 cash against documents 凭提单付现款 cash against bills of lading 承兑交单 documents against acceptance (D/A) 付款交单 documents against payment (D/P) 折扣例文 除非另有说明，30日后全额付现，如有错误，请立即通知。 Net cash 30 days unless specified otherwise. Advise promptly if incorrect. 付款条件：30日后全额付现，10日后付现打2%折扣，过期后付款时，加上利率为6%的利息。 Terms, net cash 30 days, or, less 2% 10 days. Interest charged at the rate of 6% after maturity. 付款条件：月底后10日后付现2%折扣，现在付现3%折扣，否则，全额付现。 Terms: 2%, 10 days E.O.M., or 3% cash, otherwise strictly net. 信用证用语 追加信用证 additional credit||additional L/C 信用证金额 amount of credit 赊帐金额 credit balance 可撤消信用证 revocable L/C 不可撤消信用证 irrevocable L/C 保兑信用证 confirmed L/C 不保兑信用证 unconfirmed L/C 可转让信用证 assignable L/C||transferable L/C 银行信用证 banker's L/C 有追索权信用证 with recourse L/C 无追索权信用证 without recourse L/C 单一信用证 simple credit 无条件信用证 open credit||free credit 普通信用证 general letter of credit 旅行信用证 circular letter of credit 特别信用证 special letter of credit 信用证底帐 letter of credit ledger 信用证发行帐 letter of credit issued account 信用证金额 amount of credit 信用证余额||信用证结欠 credit balance 开立信用证 to open a credit 通过银行开立信用证 to establish a credit through a bank 电开信用证 to cable a credit 取消信用证 to cancel a credit 开出信用证 to issue a credit 在某银行开立信用证 to arrange a credit with a bank 修改信用证 to amend a credit 延展信用证有效期 to extend a credit 增加信用证面额 to increase a credit 寄出信用证 to send a credit 请发给信用证 to take out a credit 信用证例文 我们已开出以贵方为受益人的保兑信用证。 We nave opened a confirmed credit in your favour. 以贵方为受益人，我们开出不可撤消的的保兑信用证。 We have opened a confirmed and irrevocable credit in your favour. 我们被请求已开出以贵方为受益人的信用证，特此通知。 We are pleased to inform you that we have been requested to open a credit in your favour. 我们已开出商业信用证，特此通知。 We intimate to you that we have issued a commercial letter of credit. 银行用语 请入收款人的户号 account payee 请支付票款 advice to pay cheques 惠请通知该支票的经过 advise fate 金额有错误 accounts differ 文字与数字所记载金额不同 words and figures differ 签名有误|印鉴不符 signatures differ 请明天再次提出为荷 present again tomorrow 保证付款 good for payment 请照会发票人 refer to drawee (R.D.) 无交易 no account 款额不足||存款不足 not sufficient (N.S.)||no sufficient funds (N.S.F.) 已无存款 no funds 如支票不获兑现时, 不必出具拒绝证书。 notto be protested in case of dishonour||protest waived||no protest 需要出具拒绝证书 to be protested 没有通知 no advice 未受指示 no orders 禁止转让||不可转让 non-transferable||not transferable 已付款 received payment||payment received 上开价金已收到 value received||for value received 上开价金系经核算 value in account 上开金额与发票相同 value as per invoice 上开金额与通知书相符 value as per advice 无追索权 without recourse 有追索权||偿还请求权 right of recourse 请求偿还清单||清偿帐户 recourse account 偿还准备金 recourse fund 拒绝偿还||拒绝追索 recourse repudiation 银行业务例文 定期存款的条件为年利6%，存期6个月以上，只要金额1,000元，我们均乐意接受。 We shall be pleased to receive a fixed deposit for any amount more than $1,000, for a period over six months at the rate of 6% p.a. 谨同函寄上新开定期存款第500号存折一份，面额100,000元，请查收为荷。该面额等于您寄来换新的旧存折本金加上利息之和。 Enclosed please find a new deposit certificate No. 500 for $100,000, which represents the principal and interest of the old certificate you sent us for renewal. 如存款为100元以上，我们将乐意接受。 We shall be glad to receive deposits of 100 yen and upward. 结算 到目前为止，我公司应收帐尚有二万美元。兹奉上结算报告书一份，敬请查收为荷。Enclosed we hand you a statement of account to date, showing a balance of $20,000 in our favour, which we trust will be found in order. 上开帐目，现正核对, 如无错误，将遵照贵公司的指示，将转入新开的帐户内。 This account is under examination, and if found correct, it shall be carried to a new account, in conformity with your instructions. 您昨日函敬悉。兹遵照贵方请求，同函附上结算报告书，敬请惠予查收为荷。 Your favour of yesterday was duly received, and we hand you herewith a statement of your account as requested, which we hope you will find correct. 兹奉上棒铁总价为512,000元清单一份，恳请列入我公司贷方帐项为荷。 We hand you our account on the bar iron, amounting to $512,000, which kindly pass to our credit. 请求付款 恳请速予汇款为荷。 an early remittance will be appreciated. 迟付的60美元, 请速予寄下为荷。 Please let us have your check for the $60 now past overdue. 有鉴于此，相信贵方将随复函寄来支票, 特此致谢。 With these facts before you, we feel sure that you will send us your check by return mail. Thank you. 我们恳求，对此部分能速予结帐为荷。 We urge that you make this settlement without delay. 何不立即对此案作一结算？请在今日将支票随函发出即可。 Why not settle this matter now? Just attach your check to this letter, and send it by today's mail. 催告付款 为加清本帐目，我方多次催促，但未有任何效果。所以为收回本帐款项，准备向法院起诉，特此通知。 Having made repeated applications for apyment of this amount without avail, we now give you notice that we shall take out a summons for recovery of the same 下星期一以前未能清结本件款项，不得已，将委任我公司顾问律师处理。 We wish to state that if the account be not paid by Monday next, we shall be forced to place the matter in the hands o four solicitors. 贵方虽多次答应付款结帐，但迄今尚未结清。如在本月底以前，尚未拔款结清，只好委托我公司顾问律师处理。 In spite of your repeated promises to let us have a cheque, we are still without a settlement of your outstanding account, and therefore, unless same is settled by the end of this month, we shall be compelled to hand over the matter to our solicitor. 对于此事，贵方似乎在趁机利用我公司的宽容态度。本函系最后通告所，复函时请汇足够金额，以结此帐，否则只好采取其它途径，特此函告。 As you seem to take advantage of you leniency in this matter, we now give you the final notice that, unless we shall receive a substantial amount on account by return of post, we shall adopt other measures for its recovery.
奔跑小猪mm
Dear Sirs,Account No.8756It is very difficult to understand why we have not heard from you in reply to our two E-mail of 8th and 18th September for payment of the sum US$ 80,000 you are still owing. We had hoped that you would at least explain why the account continues to remain unpaid.I am sure you will agree that we have shown every consideration and now you fail to reply to our earlier requests for payment, I am afraid you leave us no choice but to take other steps to recover the amount due.We are most reluctant to do anything from which your credit and reputation might suffer and even now we prepare to give you a further opportunity to put the matter right.We therefore propose to give you 15 days to clear your account,Yours faithfully,
转瞬壹刻
以下给您提供一些参考。I. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 常用语1. How to start your letter? 如何开头？You have not responded in any way to our recent letters about your past due account.We remind you once more of your open account that is now ___ days beyond our ___-day terms.Your account is still unpaid in spite of our continual reminders asking for payment or an explanation for your delay.We urgently request that you immediately pay your balance of __, which has been outstanding since ___[date] despite several notices from us.2. How to warn the recipient against further delay? 如何警告对方不要拖延？You must realize that we cannot afford to carry this debt on our books any longer.Any further delay in paying your balance due cannot be accepted.You can no longer delay payment if you wish to keep your account open.Our next step is to take legal action to collect the money due us.This is unpleasant for both of us and is damaging to your credit rating.3. How to specify your deadline or demand immediate payment? 怎样说明你的截至期限和要求马上付款？We must now insist that you send you payment within the next five days.Unless I receive your remittance within the next three days, our attorney will be instructed to start proceedings to recover the debt.If we do not receive remittance within five days from the above date, we will have no choice but to pursue other collection procedures.After April 30, we will have no choice but to cancel your credit and turn your account over to a collection agency.4. How to end your letter? 如何收尾？We look forward to your prompt payment.Your immediate response is necessary.Whether or not we take legal action is now your decision.Please make every effort to ensure that we are not forced to take this drastic action.We must hear from you at once to avoid further action.II. SAMPLE 范文Dear ___:I am afraid your failure to settle your account, which is over due for more than six months, will leave us with no alternative but resort to legal proceedings.This is to notify you that unless we receive your check for $7,550.50 by June 30, we will place your account in the hands of our attorneys for collection.Yours sincerely,___[name]___[title]III. TIPS 掌握写作要领1. Choose a firm tone for your letter.2. Remind the recipient of your previous collection letters.3. Remind the recipient of all the necessary details:The amount owed by the recipientThe length of time the bill has been overdueThe additional amount of late charge if there is any4. Tell the recipient what kind of legal action will be taken if the final collection effort fails
优质英语培训问答知识库
