三尖瓣结构英文

心脏简介 heart器官简介：心脏为人和脊椎动物器官之一。是循环系统中的动力。人的心脏如本人的拳头，外形像桃子，位于横膈之上，两肺间而偏左。主要由心肌构成，有左心房、左心室、右心房、右心室四个腔。左右心房之间和左右心室之间均由间隔隔开，故互不相通，心房与心室之间有瓣膜，这些瓣膜使血液只能由心房流入心室，而不能倒流。 词语解释：心脏也比喻中心，如“首都北京是祖国的心脏”。 Organ synopsis: One of heart manner and vertebrate organs. Is in circulatory system's power. Human's heart like myself fist, contour likely peach, located at horizontal diaphragm above, between two lungs, but left. Mainly constitutes by the cardiac muscle, has the left atrium, the left ventricle, the right atrium, the right ventricle four cavities. About between the atrium and about between the ventricle separates by the gap, therefore is not interlinked mutually, between the atrium and the ventricle has the valve, these valves enable the blood only to flow in the ventricle by the atrium, but cannot flow backwards. the words and expressions explained: The heart also analogies the center, like “capital Beijing is the motherland heart”. 器官部位：心脏位于胸腔内，膈肌的上方，二肺之间，约三分之二在中线左侧。心脏如一倒置的，前后略扁的圆锥体像一个桃子。心尖钝圆，朝向左前下方，与胸前壁邻近，其体表投影在左胸前壁第五肋间隙锁骨中线内侧1-2cm处，故在此处可看到或摸到心尖搏动。心底较宽，有大血管由此出入，朝向右后上方，与食管等后纵隔的器官相邻 Organ parts: heart in the chest, above the diaphragm, the lungs, and about two-thirds of the center line in the left side. If a heart inverted, slightly before and after Chen Shui-bian of the cone like a peach. Apex blunt yen, towards the bottom left, and the front wall nearby, its surface projection in the fifth Lei Jianxi Zuoxiong anterior midline medial clavicular 1-2 cm, it can be seen here and reached the apex or throb. The bottom of my heart wide, have access to this great vessels, right after North Korea at the top, and esophagus, and other adjacent organs after mediastinal 基本结构：心脏表面靠近心底处，有横位的冠状沟几乎环绕心脏一周，仅在前面被主动脉及肺动脉的起始部所中断。沟以上为左、右心房，沟以下为左、右心室。在心室的前面及后（下）面各有一纵行的浅沟，由冠状沟伸向心尖稍右方，分别称前后室间沟，为左、右心室的表面分界。左心房、左心室和右心房、右心室的正常位置关系呈现轻度由右向左扭转现象，即右心偏于右前上方，左心偏于左后下方。 心脏是一中空的肌性器官，内有四腔：后上部为左心房、右心房，二者之间有房间隔分隔；前下部为左心室、右心室，二者间隔以室间隔。正常情况下，因房、室间隔的分隔，左半心与右半心不直接交通，但每个心房可经房室口通向同侧心 室。右心房壁较薄。根据血流方向，右心房有三个入口，一个出口。入口即上、下腔静脉口和冠状窦口。冠状窦口为心壁静脉血回心的主要入口。出口即右房室口，右心房借助其通向右心室。房间隔后下部的卵圆形凹陷称卵圆窝，为胚胎时期连通左、右心房的卵圆孔闭锁后的遗迹。右心房上部向左前突出的部分称右心耳。 右心室有出入二口，入口即右房室口，其周缘附有三块叶片状瓣膜，称右房室瓣（即三尖瓣）。按位置分别称前瓣、后瓣、隔瓣。瓣膜垂向室腔，并借许多线样的腱索与心室壁上的乳头肌相连。出口称肺动脉口，其周缘有三个半月形瓣膜，称肺动脉瓣。 左心房构成心底的大部分，有四个入口，一个出口。在左心房后壁的两侧，各有一对肺静脉口，为左右肺静脉的入口；左心房的前下有左房室口，通向左心室。左心房前部向右前突出的部分，称左心耳。 左心室有出入二口。入口即左房室口，周缘附有左房室瓣（二尖瓣），按位置称前瓣、后瓣，它们亦有腱索分别与前、后乳头肌相连。出口为主动脉口，位于左房室口的右前上方，周缘附有半月形的主动脉瓣。 腔室 入口 入瓣膜 出口 瓣膜 作用 左心房 肺静脉 左房室口 二尖瓣 在心室收缩时阻止血液逆流回心房 左心室 左房室口 二尖瓣 主动脉口 主动脉瓣 在心室舒张时防止血液逆流回心室 右心房 上、下腔静脉 冠状窦口 右房室口 三尖瓣 在心室收缩时阻止血液逆流回心房 右心室 右房室口 三尖瓣 肺动脉口 肺动脉瓣 在心室舒张时防止血液逆流回心室 在右心房室和左心房室之间各有一组房室瓣，分别叫三尖瓣和二尖瓣。它们是单向瓣，允许血液从心房向心室流动，并防止其向反方向（即心室向心房）的流动。 血液流动方向为：上下腔静脉→右心房→右心室→肺动脉→肺循环→肺静脉→左心房→左心室→主动脉→体循环→上下腔静脉 Basic structure: the heart of the surface near the bottom of my heart, Wang Guan Zhuanggou almost around-the heart of the week, just in front of the aorta and pulmonary artery start interrupted by the Department. Ditch above the left and right atrium, ditch Following is the left and right ventricle. Ventricle in the front and after the (next) have a vertical surface of the Qiangou, Guan Zhuanggou reaching the apex slightly from the right, respectively, said that before and after the inter-ditch room for the left and right ventricle of the surface boundaries. The left atrium and left ventricle and the right atrium and right ventricle of the normal relations between the present location of mild to reverse the phenomenon from right to left, the right heart Pianyu front right at the top, left posterior left ventricular Pianyu below. The heart is a hollow muscular organ, with four-chamber: after the upper left atrium and right atrium, the interval between the two have separated; before the lower part of the left ventricle, right ventricle, the septum between the two. Under normal circumstances, due to room, separating the septum, left heart and mind are not directly in right traffic, but each atrium via AV mouth to the ipsilateral ventricle. Right atrium wall thinner. Under the direction of blood flow, there are three right atrium entrance, exit. Entrance is on the inferior vena cava mouth and coronary sinus mouth. I coronary sinus blood for the heart wall Huixin the main entrance. Exports that right atrioventricular mouth, the right atrium with its right-ventricular. After the interval the lower part of the oval depression that oval Waterloo, for the embryonic period of connectivity left and right atrium of the oval hole after the remains closed. Turn left before the upper right atrium prominent part of that right atrial appendage. The right ventricle is different from two, the entrance is right atrioventricular mouth, with its three-week margin of leaf-like valves, said right Atrioventricular (Tricuspid). By location were said before the flap, flap, flap at. Room valve vertical cavity, and through many line with the kind of chordal ventricular wall muscle connected to the nipple. I said pulmonary exports, its fate has three weeks Ban Yuexing valve, said pulmonary valve. The left atrium constitute the majority of the bottom of my heart, there are four entrance, exit. In the left atrium on both sides of the back wall, each with a pulmonary vein, the pulmonary vein around the entrance, the left atrium of the former heart I have left, to the left ventricle. The right front of the left atrium before the prominent part, said the left atrial appendage. Left ventricle is different from two. I left compartment that is imported, peripheral bearing left atrioventricular valve (mitral), said the position before the flap, flap, they also chordal with before and after the papillary muscle connected. Export-mouth aorta, left in the mouth right anterior compartment at the top, peripheral Ban Yuexing with the aortic valve. Valve chamber entrance into the role of export valve The left atrium pulmonary vein I left mitral valve in the heart ventricular systolic blood countercurrent to stop at the atrium I left mitral valve left ventricular heart aortic valve in the aortic mouth when ventricular diastolic blood countercurrent to prevent ventricular Right atrium, the inferior vena cava coronary sinus mouth right atrioventricular I ventricular contraction in the tricuspid valve to prevent blood countercurrent to atrial The right ventricle right atrioventricular I tricuspid pulmonary valve in the pulmonary mouth when ventricular diastolic blood countercurrent to prevent ventricular Room in the right atrium and left atrium between the rooms have a heart valve, were called tricuspid and mitral valve. They are one-way valve, allowing blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle and to prevent it from the opposite direction (that is, to atrial ventricular) flows. Blood flow direction: from top to bottom IVC → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary → → pulmonary circulation → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricular → aortic → systemic → from top to bottom IVC

（一）心纤维骨骼 心肌和瓣膜附着处的纤维性支架称心纤维骨骼fibrous sketeton，包括左、右纤维三角，四个瓣膜纤维环，圆锥韧带，室间隔膜部和瓣膜间隔等。人心纤维骨骼由致密结缔组织组成，随着年龄的增长，可发生不同程度地钙化。右纤维三角位于二尖瓣环、三尖瓣环和主动脉后瓣环之间，又称中央纤维体。其前方与室间隔膜部延续，向后发出一圆形纤维束称Todaro腱，位于右心房心内膜深面。 左纤维三角位于主动脉左瓣环外侧与二尖瓣环连接处。二尖瓣环、三尖瓣环和主动脉瓣环彼此靠近，肺动脉瓣环位于较高平面，借圆锥韧带与主动脉瓣环相连。主动脉瓣环和肺动脉瓣环均由三个半环形纤维束构成，位于三个半月瓣的基底部。在主动脉左瓣环与后瓣环相对缘之间为膜性的瓣膜间隔（intervalvular septum）或主动脉下隔（subaortic curtain），它与二尖瓣前尖相移行。（二）心壁 心壁由心内膜、心肌层和心外膜组成。心内膜endocardium衬贴于心壁内面，覆盖并参与形成心腔内结构，它与血管内膜相延续。心肌层myocardium由心肌和心肌间质组成。心肌间质包括心肌胶原、血管、淋巴管、神经纤维及一些非心肌细胞成分等，充填于心肌纤维之间。心房肌和心室肌被心纤维骨骼分开而互不延续，故心房和心室可不同时收缩。心房肌较薄，其浅层横行，环绕左、右心房；深层为各房所固有。心室肌较厚，分浅、中、深三层：浅层斜行，在心尖捻转形成心涡，然后进入深部移行为纵行的深层肌，形成肉柱和乳头肌，中层呈环形，为各室所固有，左心室环形肌特别发达。心外膜epicardium为浆膜性心包，被覆在心肌层表面。（三）房间隔和室间隔 房间隔 interatrial septum由双层心内膜突以结缔组织和少量心肌所组成。其前缘对向升主动脉中央，后缘与房间沟一致。房间隔较薄，卵圆窝处最薄。室间隔 Interventrlcular septum大部分由心肌构成，较厚，称肌部 muscular part，其上方中部有一不规则形的膜性结构，称膜部membranous part。膜部面积约0.8cm平方米，位于心房和心室交界部位，上方为主动脉右瓣和后瓣下缘；前缘和下缘为室间隔肌部；后缘为右心房壁。膜部右侧面被三尖瓣附着绿横过，故其后上部介于右心房与左心室之间，称房室部；前下部介于左、右心室之间，称室间部，是室间隔缺损的常见部位。室间隔前、后缘与前、后室门沟相当。

心肌层：

心纤维骨骼：

M：二尖瓣区A：主动脉瓣区E：主动脉瓣第二听诊区（Erb 区）P：肺动脉瓣区T：三尖瓣区