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下面主要从三个方面介绍一下四级写作的命题特点，即题材，体裁和命题形式。1. 题材四级写作的话题，具有很强的实用性和时事性，涉及校园生活、现代科技、社会问题以及对他们的简单理由分析、方案提出。校园话题：校园浪费、学生会主席竞选、名校校园旅游、选择课程或教师等;社会问题：当代妇女、淡水资源紧缺、环境、交通、住房、假冒伪劣商品等;现代科技：电脑之类的现代科技发明等。2. 体裁从体裁上讲，写作部分考察的形式有议论文、说明文、记叙描述文和书信演讲类情景应用文。1)议论文主要分为提纲式议论文和标题式议论文两类。提纲式议论文根据题材可分为正反观点对比类型和原因现象解释类型。如2006年12月真题就属于正反观点对比类型：1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会;2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会;3. 你的看法。而2007年12月的真题却属于原因现象解释型的议论文。1. 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3. 以你自己为例…标题式议论文的主要特点是论证说理，通常以某一名言警句或谚语为题目，要求考生们对其客观真理性加以阐述和论证。如1997年1月真题：Practice makes perfect2)说明文主要可以分为阐述主题型、利弊分析型、解决问题型:阐述主题型的如1991年1月真题：Bicycles----An Important Means of Transport in China.1. 为什么自行车在中国这样普及。2. 和汽车比较。3. 自行车在中国的前途。利弊分析型的如1998年1月真题：Harmfulness of Fake Commodities.1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么会有这种现象?2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。解决问题型的如2001年1月真题：How to Succeed in a Job Interview?1. 面试在求职过程中的作用2. 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是. . .3)应用文写作主要包括演讲词，导游解说词、求职求学信、投诉信和公告通知等(2004年6月的导游词，2005年1月的竞选演说词)。3. 命题形式四级作文的命题形式是六种：中英文提纲式、情景式、图表式、段首句式、关键词式及标题式。在所有这六种形式中，提纲式所占比例最高，在80%以上;其次是情景式，2003年6月开始，情景作文大量出现，命题人设定一个情景，让学生用所学的英语去处理一件假定的事情。(如2003年6月的车祸见证书，2003年9月的同学生病)，图表式作文只考过两次(1991年6月 Changes in People's Diet 和 2002年6月Student Use of Computers)。考生们应在平素的练习中针对每一种体裁和形式作相应的练习以便熟悉各种命题的写作套路和方法。下面以2006年6月大学英语四级考试的作文为例，从审题、段落、句式和选词四个方面探讨英语四级作文的写作方法。Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Students Selecting their Lecturers. You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师;2. 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素;3. 学生自选任课老师的益处和可能产生的问题。[范文]On Students Selecting their LecturersWith the remarkable reform of higher education, students in some universities are entitled to choose their lecturers for certain designated courses for the flexibility and efficiency of their learning practice. This move has been welcomed by some students and has become the focus of students' and teachers' concern as well.Obviously, there are some factors that students take into consideration when choosing lecturers. First and foremost, the teacher should have a diverse academic background and excel at what he or she teaches. It is because a learned teacher can give students much knowledge in a specific field, help them widen their horizon and at the same time cultivate their potential. Moreover, quite a few students think it is essential that the teacher is humorous and passionate in teaching. The reason is that students will learn quickly and thoroughly when the class is enjoyable and when they are motivated to learn. In addition, a teacher who gives students high marks in exams and papers is preferred.Students' free choosing of lecturers may have many advantages, such as encouraging students to take an active part in classes and promoting lecturers to improve their teaching quality. Good as selecting lecturers is, it also gives rise to many problems. For one thing, the management of classes may be in a disorder. Some teachers can be so warmly welcomed that the number of the students in his class may be too large while other courses may have few participants. For another thing, schools might end up with lecturers who teach interesting classes and give high scores without much real content. Therefore further attention should be paid to this phenomenon.解析：1) 审题。2006年6月作文的题材是考查校园话题--学生选择任课教师及其利弊分析;就体裁来说是经常考到的提纲式论说文，它要求考生们根据给出的题目(on the topic of students selecting lecturers)和提纲(1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师;2. 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素;3. 学生自选任课老师的益处和可能产生的问题)，确定文章的中心思想，然后分段展开论述，表达提纲的主旨。2) 段落安排。提纲式论说文仍然符合四级写作的布局要求三段式作文，提纲可以看作是分段点，即：第一段写第一点，第二段写第二点，第三段完成第三点。第一段是引言段，引出现在大学中存在的现象――有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程任课老师，描述现状，引出主题。With the remarkable reform of higher education, students in some universities are entitled to choose their lecturers for certain designated courses for the flexibility and efficiency of their learning practice.第二段是主体段，解释学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素，即他们选择什么样的老师和为什么做出这样的选择。根据前面提到的段落写作技巧，第一句话是这一段的主题句，可以对中文提纲进行翻译，并且稍加改动，如Obviously, there are some factors that students take into consideration when choosing lecturers. 然后列举出几个较有代表性的理由，注意一定要在列举的几条理由前面加上表示层次关系的连接词来使文章思路清晰，逻辑层次清楚。如：First and foremost, the teacher should have a diverse academic background and excel at what he or she teaches. It is because…, 接着阐述其它理由，如：Moreover, quite a few students think it is essential that the teacher is humorous and passionate in teaching.第三段是结尾段，讨论"学生选择老师"这样一个校园话题的好处以及可能产生的问题。先写益处，如Students' free choosing of lecturers may have many advantages, such as…, 然后话题转折提出弊端 Good as selecting lecturers is, it also gives rise to many problems. For one thing …最后一句是结论句Therefore further attention should be paid to this phenomenon3) 句型变换。全文长短句交错，句型富于变化。采用以简单句为基础，同时配以复杂句，如定语从句a teacher who gives students high marks…，主语从句 It is essential that… 倒装句Good as selecting lectures is… 分词结构 when choosing lecturers…4) 词汇运用。全文用词准确、规范，丰富，如"选择"可以用choose 和 select;使用一些精彩的固定搭配，使文章增色不少，如 end up with, give rise to; 巧用过渡词，使文章衔接自然、紧凑，如first and foremost, moreover, in addition, as, therefore，for one thing等。
暖暖冬日小兔子
我找了些四级作文模板一. 对比选择型热点追踪 Study Abroad or in China?There is no consensus of opinions among people as to whether students should study abroad or not. Some people are of the view that the youths should go overseas for further study if possible, while others take an opposite stand, firmly believing that it is of no necessity for students to study in a foreign country.Those people who maintain that it is good for students to go abroad for further study believe that diverse culture background can broaden students’ horizon. They also claim that overseas study can shape students’ personality because they are forced to deal with all kinds of difficulties by themselves.Nevertheless, the other people who contend that domestic education is good enough for students argue that our educational quality has been greatly improved during the past decade. They also point out that domestic education is convenient and economical.As far as I am concerned, the former opinion holds more weight. For one thing, it can strengthen the learners’ abilities to understand and communicate with people from other cultures. For another, the developed countries still have a lot advanced knowledge which is worth our study. When all the factors are examined, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that studying abroad if possible is advisable.二. 问题解决型实例：2001年1月（How to Succeed in a Job Interview? 面试在求职过程中的作用、面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是……），2000年1月（How I Finance My College Education?）1998年1月（My View on Fake Commodities）模板：With the development/improvement of (铺垫), (某一问题). It is necessary that (关注解决现象引出的问题很必要). On the one hand, (理由一). On the other hand, (理由二).Therefore, how to (承上启下句，要解决的问题) is worth paying attention. Firstly, (办法一). Secondly, (办法二). For example, (举例解释解决办法二). Thirdly, (办法三). In other words, (阐明解决办法三).In fact, the ways to (解决问题的办法多种多样) are countless. It’s time that (强调解决问题时不可待).真题演练： How to Succeed in a Job Interview?（2001年1月） With the development of job market, job interview plays an important role in job-hunting. It is necessary that we should learn some tricks to perform better in a job interview. On the one hand, a job interview offers interviewees and interviewers respectively a chance to know each other within a very short time. On the other hand, excellent performance in an interview will enable the interviewees to exert a good impression on the interviewer and finally win the job.Therefore, how to succeed in job interview is worth paying attention. Firstly, interviewees should dress neatly and properly. Secondly, interviewees should be confident. For example, when asked about professional questions, interviewees should give a clear and definite answer. Thirdly, interviewees should have some knowledge about the company and the position they apply for. In other words, interviewees should prepare themselves something about the interview in advance so as to show that they attach vital importance to the job.In fact, the ways to succeed in a job interview are countless. It’s time that we laid stress on interview because it’s the first step of our work experience. 热点追踪The Damage of Public Facilities1、公共设施破坏严重的问题亟待解决，2、解决办法有哪些，3、你的看法。 The Damage of Public FacilitiesWith the improvement of living standard, more and more public facilities, such as public telephone booths and ATMs have been installed in the streets. It is necessary that we have to pay attention to the damage of these public facilities. On the one hand, some people use them without care, which leads to inconvenience to others. On the other hand, the damaged public facilities stain the beauty of the city.Therefore, how to prevent public facilities from being damaged is worth paying attention. Firstly, public facilities should be made of hard materials so as to be more durable. Secondly, some devices should be adopted to protect them from being damaged. For example, like cars, we can install alarm devices in public facilities. Thirdly, from my point of view, it is essential that we civilize our citizens to behave morally. In other words, we should tell the citizens that it is shameful to destroy public facilities.In fact, the ways to reduce the damage of public facilities are countless. It’s time that we took most effective ones to protect them.三. 观点论证型实例：2003年1月（It pays to be honest）、1999年1月（Don’t hesitate to say “No”）、1997年1月（Practice Makes Perfect）模板：It is true that (指出普遍存在的观点). However, (谈不同的观点). I think (提出自己的观点，即文章的论点). (过渡句，转向观点的论证，根据情况选择具体的词) can be listed as follows. Firstly, (论证理由一). Secondly, (论证理由二). For example, (举例具体说明理由二). Thirdly, (论证理由三). A case in point is that (举例具体说明理由三).It goes without saying that (转折句，提出执行该观点时应注意的事项). There is no doubt that (得出结论). In conclusion (总结全文).真题演练： It Pays to be Honest（2003年1月） It is true that most of us value honesty highly. However, nowadays we often confront confidence crisis such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities and so on. I think that we should be honest because being honest is not only beneficial to ourselves but also to others and the whole society. The reasons can be listed as follows.Firstly, only honest people can be truly respected by the others and can make more friends over a long period of time. Secondly, honesty, which is the traditional virtue of the Chinese people, can make our life easier and more harmonious. For example, consumers will not be afraid of being overcharged if dealers are honest, and thus dealers can win over more customers. Thirdly, honesty can make our society more stable. A case in point is that Singapore, a society featuring trustworthiness and integrity, has a comparatively low criminal rate.It goes without saying that being honest is of great benefit to both the community and individuals. There is no doubt that we should foster the spirit of honesty. In conclusion, laying stress on honesty will become the public morals in our society.四. 图表说明型 实例：2002年6月，1991年6月模板:(概括性词语最近出现的总体现象) has become a common part of people’s life. And (题目要求讨论的具体现象) has always aroused the greatest concern. What impresses us most is (现象的具体表现). The reasons （现象或现象带来的结果，为下文分析产生的原因做铺垫）are varied.Among the various reasons, (原因一) plays an important part. That is to say, (具体说明原因一). What is more, (原因二). For example, (举例说明原因二).When talking about (作者要讨论的现象), (作者的看法). On the one hand, (支持看法的理由一或说明看法的第一个方面). On the other hand, (支持看法的理由二或说明看法的第二个方面). In brief, (总结).真题演练： Student use of computers （2002年6月） Using computers has become a common part of people’s life. And the tremendous growth of student use of computers has always aroused the greatest concern. What impresses us most is that, in 2000, college students averagely spent 20 hours per week on computer, which is the size more than ten times that of ten years ago. The reasons why computers are widely used are varied.Among the various reasons the decreasing price of PC plays an important part. That is to say, more students can afford a personal computer. What is more, the Internet provides college students an amazing world to explore, For example, people can get the latest news and information as well as conveniently make friends around the world.When talking about disadvantages and problems existing in student use of computers, I think that their lack of skills and disciplines is the point we should pay attention to, On the one hand, their lack of skills fails students to make full use of the computer and the Internet. On the other hand, their lack of necessary disciplines makes some students indulge in computer games and net world, and even other negative materials, forgetting their major tasks as college students. In brief, there is still a lot to do to help students make good use of computers.热点追踪：Cheating in Exams1、学生作弊现象越来越严重，2、作弊的原因，3、如何杜绝作弊。 Cheating in ExamsTrying to defeat the cheat has become a common part of people’s life. And cheating in exams on campus has always aroused the greatest concern. And cheating in exams on campus has always aroused the greatest concern. What amazes us most is that many methods are adopted by students. The reasons for cheating in exams are varied.Among the various reasons, to get higher scores or scholarships plays an important part. That’s to say, some students are under great pressure from their parents or they fear to fall behind others, so they to get high scores in exams. What is more, some students just play the time away and want to pass the exams without efforts. For example, they spend the whole night playing PC games but fall asleep in the class. When talking about how to deal with cheating in exams, I think education and punishment might work. On the one hand, we should explain the harm of cheating to the students. On the other hand, punishment or penalty should be given to those who have been found cheating. In brief, we should try our best to put an end to cheating.五. 应用文A：批评、抱怨、投诉信：Dear ,My name is (姓名). I am (身份). I venture to write you a letter about (表述抱怨内容).The focus of the complaint is (抱怨内容的核心点). For one thing, (抱怨内容的一个方面). For another, (另一方面). Honestly speaking, (客观评论). But (抱怨产生的原因之一). Besides, (抱怨产生的原因之二).All in all, there is still much room for improvement (总结说明所抱怨现象或事物还有很大改进空间). I do hope (表达本人的愿望). Thank you for your time and kind consideration. (信件结尾常用语) Sincerely Yours, Signature真题演练：2002年1月假如你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 A Letter to the Editor of a NewspaperDear Editor,My name is Li Ming. I am a senior junior student of the civil engineering school in this university. I venture to write you a letter about the canteen service on campus, which has given rise to many complaints among students..The focus of the complaint is the poor quality of the food. For one thing, the rice is hard, the steamed breads are usually sold cold and vegetables are often overcooked. For another, the prices of the foods are surprisingly high.. Honestly speaking, the dining environment has been improved since last year. But there are still enough space and seats for us to have our meals there. Besides, the attitude of the canteen staff is not hospitable at al.All in all, there is still much room for improvement. I do hope we will not suffer another year. Thank you for your time and kind consideration.Sincerely yours, Li Ming B：建议信模板Dear ,I am delighted to learn that (写信的原因). It (引出作者的建议). In my opinion, (表达建议内容). On the one hand, (提出建议的理由一). On the other hand, ( 建议的理由二).As to the (具体到某一方面的建议内容), I suggest (). If (供被建议人选择的条件). It is unnecessary for you to (建议内容的另一方面). In addition, (其它的建议). I am sure (对建议内容的评价).Please inform me (对建议内容所做的承诺). I am looking forward to (表达本人的愿望).Sincerely Yours,Signature真题演练：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the weeklong holiday. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1、表示欢迎，2、提出对度假安排的建议，3、提醒应该注意的事项。 A letter to a schoolmate Dear Wang,I am delighted to learn that you will visit me for a week during this national holiday. It has been a pleasant surprise to hear from you again after such a long time. In my opinion, Shenyang is your best choice for this vacation. On the one hand, there are many places of interest and historical sites in Shenyang. On the other hand, Shenyang is cultural center with various artistic and musical performances..As to the famous sites, I suggest that you should visit Shenyang Imperial Palace Museum. If you are interested in gardens, Shenyang Botanic Garden won’t disappoint you. It is unnecessary for you to bring anything except your sweaters since it is a little cold in the evenings. In addition, as there will be many people at the railway station, you should not leave your belongings unattended. I am sure you will have a nice time here.Please inform me when you have come to a decision. I am looking forward to seeing you soon四级作文模板模板1．对比选择型---两种观点/现象对比 *参考题例：真题 [03.1] It Pays to Be Honest [99.6] Reading Selectively or Extensively? [00.6] Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary? [96.1] The Two-day Weekend 第一段：Some people tend to think that…(观点一) They point out that…(理由一) Additionally，…(理由二) A case in point is…(举例) Therefore…(小结) 第二段：On the contrary/However/In contrast/On the other hand，other people hold the view that…(观点二) They argue that…(理由一) What's more… (理由二) As an illustration，…(举例) Accordingly，…(小结) 第三段：As far as I am concerned，(I think) ….(我的观点) The reason is that…(理由一) And also，…(理由二) So，… (总结自己的观点) *其他题例：1）Should Education Be Commercialized？ 2）Chosen A Famous University or A Favorite Major？ 模板2．说明利弊型---某一观点/现象有利有弊,行成自己的新观点. *参考题例：真题[98.6] Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? 第一段：Whenever we hear people say that…(主题) , we'll instantly have the idea that it is a good／bad thing for．．．(某人). Indeed，…(主题)have advantages to…(某人). We can take…(举例)as an example…．It will benefit…(好处一)In addition…(好处二) 第二段：In the mean time,we must realize those disadvantages of…(主题). First of all，..(坏处一)Second,…(坏处二) 第三段：To sum up the above arguments，I think a proper attitude towards…(主题)is that…(我的观点) *其他题例：1）College Life in Internet Era 2）Stress in Modern Life … … 模板3．问题解决型-----对某一问题进行分析,找出解决办法,表达自己的看法. *参考题例：真题[00.1] How I Finance My College Education? [01.1] How to Succeed in A Job Interview? 第一段：Nowadays，we have to face a problem that…(问题)／Nowadays，more and more people are concerned about the problem…(问题)／It is important for us to…(问题)For instance…(例一)／First，…(原因一). Moreover，…(例二)／Second，….(原因二) 第二段：People have figured out many ways to solve the problem．／Confronted with…(问题)we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation．Firstly，…(解决方法一)Secondly，…(解决方法二) 第三段：Personally，I believe that…(我的方法)／To me，I am taking two ways to solve the problem of…(问题)One of them is…(我的方法)The other way is…(方法二)By now ways have been working perfectly and efficient1y…(结果) 模板4．阐述主题型----对某一命题或概念进行阐述 *参考题例：真题[98.1] Harmfulness of Fake Commodities 第一段: A famous saying goes that…(名言或谚语). It means that…(释义). An example of this case is…(举例，解释). 第二段：Another case in point is…(例二) 第三段：I like the saying．．．(名言) which encourages me．．．(理由) 模板5．图表题 [graph, chart, table, flowchart, picture, map ] *参考题例：真题[02.6] The Student Use of Computers 第一段: From the graph，we know the statistics of．．．(图表概况)It can easily be seen that．．．(揭示含义) 第二段：There are many reasons responsible for this instance，and the following are the typical ones．For one thing，…(理由一)in addition，．．．(理由二)The main reason is that．．．(理由三) 第三段：However，this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future．I believe．．．(前景预测)／Above all，we now know about the problem and we should try to find some ways to solve it . For one thing，．．．(方法一)For another thing，．．．(方法二)Still another，．．．(方法大学四级作文模板1. 对立观点型(1) … has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions vary from person to person. Some people are inclined to think that … On the contrary, there are still many people who won’t agree, and they claim…Those who criticize… argue that… However, people who advocate … on the other hand, maintain that…As far as I am concerned, my favor goes to the first/second view. Admittedly, …but it doesn’t follow that… Only if … can we…, just as the saying goes…(2) When being asked about… different people will offer different answers. It is held by some people that…However, it is also believed by other people that…Those who hold the first opinion think that…In contrast, those who hold the second view think that…In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we… we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems and then make the right decision.(3) As we all know, the general public has been debating whether… is a blessing or a curse. Scientists have made advances in… where… Some people support … , saying … Other people oppose…, saying…Those in favor of this research believe that…Those opposed to this 无效 of research argue that…Apart from the benefits mentioned above, we should also face several unavoidable challenges. In the first place, … In the second place… Only when… can we…(4) Nowadays more and more people voice growing concern over…. Some people argue that … in that…, while others firmly hold that….As far as I am concerned, this question should be probed in depth. On the one hand, the first group is not totally correct because not all…. On the other hand, the second opinion seems not so satisfactory because we also witness successful examples….From that has been discussed above, we can see clearly that the key lies in whether…, Otherwise, … no matter whether….2. 说明利弊型(1) Nowadays, … is playing a more and more significant role in people’s daily life. However, people’s opinions are still divided on this point.Those who are in favor of … claim that it has a lot of advantages. For one thing… For another… Those who are opposed to … hold that disadvantages are many. On the one hand, … On the other hand…By and large, the advantages derived from… far outweigh the disadvantages … entails.(2) Few things can be compared with… in terms of …On the one hand, … On the other hand…However, just like anything else, there are also disadvantages for…For one thing… For another…All in all, we could safely come to the conclusion that the pros outweigh the cons. The past twenty years witnessed the fast development of … along with …. A brighter future is awaiting us if we make good use of …(3) There is a good side and a bad side to everything, and … are no exception. Generally speaking, the positive aspects could be listed as follows. For one thing, … For another…However, as every coin has two sides, the negative aspects are also obvious. On the one hand, … On the other hand…Up until now, we could see it clearly that …. The key lies in the user-so long as we could make proper use of it. It can be most helpful to us in many respects.(4) The discussion about … has never stopped in the past few years. Let’s have a look at its advantages and disadvantages before drawing the final conclusion.The biggest advantage of… What’s mor
