英语一2005年text1

虚拟语气的几点特殊用法 虚拟语气的几点特殊用法1、在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。例如： 1）If I were you，I wouldn\'t have missed the film last night．如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。） 2）If he had followed the doctor\'s advice，he would recover already．如果他遵照医生的劝告，现在病就好了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。例如： 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park．如果能抽出时间，我们很乐意逛公园。 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconveniece．假如没有发现电，现代世界将很不方便。3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词（如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。例如： 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work．要不是你的劝告，我是不会做这份工作的。 2）Victor obviously doesn\'t know what\'s happened，otherwise he wouldn\'t have made such a stupid remark．显然维克多不知道发生了什么事情。不然的话，他就不会说这样愚蠢的话了。 4、在一些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用动词原形或\"should ＋动词原形\"表示虚拟语气。这类动词有ask，demand， insist，order，propose，move，desire，require等。例如： 1）They demanded that the aggressor troops（should）be withdrawn immediately．他们要求立即撤出侵略军。 2）I moved that he（should）be discharged for his serious mistake．我建议，由于他犯有严重错误，应解除他的职务。5、在\"would（had）rather（would sooner，would as soon）＋宾语从句\"句型中，要求后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气。但这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望，其从句谓语动词用一般过去时。例如： 1）I would rather you came next Friday．我希望你下周五来。 2）I\'d just as soon you didn\'t speak rudely to her．我真希望你别对她那么粗鲁地讲话。 6、在和idea，necessity，plan， motion，order，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，under- standing等词有关的同位语或表语从句中，谓语动词用动词原形或\"should ＋动词原形\"表示虚拟语气。例如： 1）M y idea is that the group（should）hold another session to discuss the problem．我的意见是小组召开另一次会议来讨论这个问题。 2）Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project．我们强调在开始制定一个新的计划之前，必须把要达到的所有目标都考虑进去。7、在某些\"It is ＋形容词＋that．．．\"句型中，如\"It is important（necessary，essential， natural，desirable，unusual，pity，strange）that．．．\"，that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词均用动词原形或\"should ＋动词原形\"来表示虚拟语气。例如： 1）It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college．人们迫切地希望能给这个学院派一个新院长。 2）It is strange that the girl（should）be so arrogant．真奇怪，这个女孩竟会如此傲慢。 8、在\"It is ordered（suggested，demanded，moved，planned等）＋that．．．\"这个句型中，that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气形式，谓语动词用动词原形或\"should ＋动词原形\"。例如： 1）It is moved that Lucy give a performance at the party．有人提议露茜在晚会上表演一个节目。 2）It was suggested that more teachers （should）be sent there to help them．有人建议派更多的老师去那儿帮助他们。9、as if ／though可以引出一个状语从句也可以引出一个表语从句。当as if ／though跟在be，feel，look，seem ，sound等系动词之后时，引导的是表语从句；如果主句的谓语动词不是联系动词be等，as if ／though引导的则是方式状语从句。无论是哪种类型的从句，只要从句的内容是不真实的，都必须用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反要用\"had ＋过去分词\"；表示与将来可能相反的则用\"would（could，might）＋动词原形\"。例如： 1）I feel as if I were going to faint．我感到我像要昏过去似的。（与现在事实相反的表语从句） 2）She cried as if her heart could be broken．她哭的好像心都要碎了。（与将来可能相反的主语从句） 10、在It is（about ／high）time引导的定语从句中，也可以根据需要使用虚拟语气，用以表示\"（此刻）该做......而没有做\"的意思，其谓语动词用过去时或\"should ＋动词原形（用should时，不能将其省略）\"。例如： 1）It is time I should leave．我该走了。 2）It is about time that you got（should get） dressed．你该穿衣服了。 11、if only引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟结构，现在已成为惯用法，表达愿望。从句用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望；对过去没有实现或不能实现的愿望，从句就用过去完成时。这类句型表示一种不真实的条件，常译成\"要是......就好了！\"例如： 1）If only I had taken mother\'s advice．我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。 2）If only I could speak several foreign languages．我要是能讲几种外语就好了。12、在以in order that，so that，lest引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词一般用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语动词用\"may（might）＋动词原形\"或\"should ＋动词原形\"。在以lest引导的从句中，谓语动词用\"should ＋动词原形\"。例如： 1）She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her sick mother．她在家里呆了好几天，以便能照顾生病的母亲。 2）The teacher explained the sentences again and again in order that the students could understand them clearly．老师一再解释这些句子以便学生能够清楚地理解。 虚拟语气除了用作状语从句中外，还可以用作主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等名词性从句中。 语法要览--主语从句中的使用 当it作形式主语，后面用形容词作表语，即在it is + adj.这样的句型中，当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable, critical，crucial, desirable, essential, imperative, important, incredible, inevitable, necessary, recommend, strange, urgent等形容词时，主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，如果是现在时，谓语动词用should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略)；如果是过去时，则用should/would + have done的形式。 example 121.(2000年Text 1) 真题回放：It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. 破解真题：这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。句首的It是形式主语，真正主语是that从句，该主语从句使用了虚拟语气should+完成时。 参考译文：随着其他国家日益富裕，美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。惟其不可避免，从优势地位上退出愈发痛苦不堪。 example 121.(05年Text 2) 真题回放："Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions." 破解真题：我们重点看一下...and it is critical that...of present actions这一部分内容，这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。It是形式主语，真正主语是that our nation...of present actions这个从句；该主语从句中，谓语动词base是虚拟式，前边省略了should表示与现在事实相反。 参考译文：科学从不提供现成的答案。可是，科学确实给我们提供了通往未来的最好向导，我们的国家和世界在制订重要政策时，考虑到现行措施对将来产生的后果，最好以科学为依据。 语法要览--宾语从句中的使用 表示"建议、请求、命令、要求"等主观意向的词(如：suggest、advise、assume、decide、demand、desire、insist、propose、order、recommend、require、suggest...)，引导宾语从句时需用虚拟语气。虚拟语气中的格式很固定：谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。注意这种句型中的虚拟语气形式不受主句动词时态的影响(这一点有别于陈述语气的宾语从句)。 example 123.(2004年Close test) 真题回放：Theories concerning on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others. 破解真题：此句是个含有一个宾语从句、两个原因状语从句的复合句。suggest是主句谓语，Suggest后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词engage in前面省略了should。 参考译文：关于个体研究的理论认为，孩子们从事犯罪活动是因为以前他们做错事情时对他们的惩罚力度不够，或是因为他们通过与其他人的交往学会了犯罪。 名词advice、assumption、decision、demand、desire、insistence、order、proposal、requirement、recommendation、suggestion...后面若有同位语从句，从句的谓语动词也应使用虚拟语气的形式。此规则同样适用于表语从句。 example 124. (2005年Text 1) 真题回放：Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. 破解真题：这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。 参考译文：这样的行为被认为"完全是人类独有的特点"，其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。语法要览－－表语从句中的使用 与同位语从句一样，若主语是某些特定动词的同根名词（参考上一部分同位语从句），要在它后面的表语从句要用虚拟式。 以上部分是虚拟语气的主要用法，虚拟语气还有一些其它用法，如在口语中表示客气和委婉、请求或邀请、建议或劝告、祝福等，还有在if only因起的惊叹句中也常用虚拟语气。这些用法相对较为简单，在近年的考验试题中罕有涉及，故此处不再赘述。

第一部分英语知识运用部分历年试题与解析1.从动物智商研究中得到的启示（2009年）2.高智商与遗传疾病（2008年）3.西班牙和葡萄牙前殖民地独立后面临的问题（2007年）4.美国无家可归者增多的现象（2006年）5.人类的嗅觉（2005年）6.对青少年犯罪原因的探讨（2004年）7.帮助青少年适应成长中的变化（2003年）8.传媒技术的发展（2002年）9.政府对媒体炒作干扰司法公正进行立法限制（2001年）10.农民的生产和消费（2000年）第二部分阅读理解A部分历年试题解析Ⅰ社会生活、伦理类1.通过培养新习惯促进创新思维（2009年Text 1）2.压力对女性健康造成负面影响（2008年Text 1）3.美国社会同化现象（2006年Text 1）4.社会生活中的按字母排序现象（2004年Text 2）5.互联网给谍报工作带来的变化（2003年Text 1）6.捍卫动物医学研究（2003年Text 2）7.在医疗上花费大量财力延缓自然死亡是不值得的（2003年Text 4）8.如何使用幽默（2002年Text 1）9.有关医生协助病人自杀的争论（2002年Text 4）10.网络在第三次电子基础设施建设中的作用（2001年Text 2）11.美国人追求简朴生活的潮流（2001年Text 5）12.人类的进化已经结束（2000年Text 2）13.日本人传统道德价值观的沦丧现象（2000年Text 4）14.如何正确看待雄心壮志（2000年Text 5）Ⅱ科普类1.DNA检测及其存在的问题（2009年Text 2）2.美国人的身高停止增长（2008年Text 3）3.智商测试不能准确反映人的能力（2007年Text 2）4.海洋物种濒临灭绝的现状（2006年Text 3）5.动物的公平意识（2005年Text 1）6.全球气候变暖问题急待解决（2005年Text 2）7.梦可以被控制（2005年Text 3）8.机器人科技的发展（2002年Text 2）9.科学发展的专业化和职业化（2001年Text 1）Ⅲ商业经济类1.正规教育的缺乏不会限制生产率的提高（2009年Text 3）2.学术期刊出版的变化（2008年Text 2）3.美国中产阶级家庭经济风险增加（2007年Text 3）4.企业数据保护的重要性（2007年Text 4）5.莎士比亚故居的经济现象（2006年Text 2）6.帮助求职的个人搜索代理工具（2004年Text 1）7.美国经济的疲软没有引起消费者的恐慌（2004年Text 3）8.铁路公司合并可能造成垄断（2003年Text 3）9.油价上涨对全球经济的影响（2002年Text 3）10.企业的兼并与收购（2001年Text 4）11.美国经济在二战后的兴衰（2000年Text 1）Ⅳ文化历史教育类1.新英格兰的文化生活（2009年Text 4）2.美国开国元勋们对奴隶制的复杂态度（2008年Text 4）3.人的成就取决于后天培养而非先天遗传（2007年Text 1）4.艺术的功能（2006年Text 4）5.一本关于正式英语退化的书（2005年Text 4）6.美国学校轻视才智（2004年Text 4）7.美国报业遭受不信任危机（2001年Text 3）8.未来派诗歌不是文学（2000年Text 3）第三部分阅读理解8部分历年试题解析1.19至20世纪的文化人类学理论（2009年）2.如何写作初稿（2008年）3.父母帮助孩子顺利进入成年期（2007年）4.美国博彩业的兴旺（2006年）5.加拿大建立国家药品管理机构（2005年）第四部分阅读理解C部分历年试题解析1.广义的教育（2009年）2.达尔文论智力（2008年）3.法律教育对于新闻报道事业的意义的（2007年）4.对“知识分子”的定义（2006年）5.欧洲的电视媒体（2005年）6.语言学中萨皮尔——沃尔夫假说的形成（2004年）7.人类学（2003年）8.行为科学（2002年）9.科学技术影响人类的未来生活（2001年）10.现代政府依赖专家人才（2000年）第五部分写作A部分历年试题解析1.建议信（2009年）2.道歉信（2008年）3.建议信（2007年）4.申请信（2006年）5.辞职信（2005年）第六部分写作8部分历年试题解析1.网络的“近”与“远”（大作文）（2009年）2.合作的重要性（2008年）3.乐观心态是成功的关键（2007年）4.偶像崇拜（2006年）5.年轻人应该赡养父母（2005年）6.终点又是新的起点（2004年）7.温室里的花经不起风雨（2003年）8.中国与世界的文化交流（2002年）9.困难的时候，人人都应该献爱心（2001年）10.自然生态平衡遭破坏（2000年）超纲词汇一览表

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her. ② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. ③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 ④ 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。 ⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.（1996年1月四级第44题） ⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. ⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.（1995年6月四级第46题）值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。 ⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里，于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句，例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，都是错的。 Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that 常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him. ⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如：The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy. 除此之外，上述动词也要求用虚拟式 ① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms. ② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled. ③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation. ⒊ would （had）rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反，例如：I would rather he went right now. Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气 ⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等，例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly. ⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，例如It is high time that you went to school ⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。 ⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。例如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四级第38题） ⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如： Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice. 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 虚拟语气详解运用: 简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。 2、用动词原形。例如： (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！ (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） (1).God save me． (2).Heaven help us． 四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！ 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。 (1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。如： (1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。 (2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。 第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）： 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例： 1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此) 例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案 三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)： 从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例： 1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop) 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢) 2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) 4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change) 我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔) 5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join) (只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起) 四）、注意： 1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如： I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。 2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求 I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help me. I wish you would stop asking silly questions. 二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有： 表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order 表示“主张”的：maintain, urge 表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist 例如： 1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. 2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news. 3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。) 4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。) 5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English?speaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。) 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍，其结构如： order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +... (should) do 6.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 7.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 但注意：在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气. 8.she insists that she is right. 9.she insisted that I should finish the work at once. 或者说，suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 三、在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。 I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。 四、would rather ， would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer（希望）也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示”宁愿做什么”或"对过去做的事的懊悔"。 (1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today. (2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening. (3).Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die. (4).I would rather you go tomorrow. (5).I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past. (6).The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office．经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。 (7).To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case．坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。 (8).You don't have to be in such a hurry．I would rather you went on business first．你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。 (9).I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being．我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。 (10).Frankly speaking ，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being．坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。 (11).Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early？为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢？ (12).I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday．我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 注：①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形 I would rather stay at home today． ②would rather．．．than．．．中用动词原形 I would rather stay at home than go out today． 五、“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。 I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。参考资料：

虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设，主观愿望，猜测，建议，可能或空想等非真实情况的一种语气，比如 陈述句：If I have time，I will go. 假若我有时间，我就去If I were you，I would go. 假若我是你，我就去。 （虚拟语气 ）

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2005年广东高考英语听力原文第一节：听独白或对话Text 1 M: Have you studied for tomorrow’s math test yet?W: I sure have. I spent all weekend studying.M: Well, I haven’t opened a book yet.W: Well, you better start studying.You know you can’t pass Professor Johnston’s tests without studying.M: But I want to go to the football game tonight. W: I’m telling you the test will be difficult.M: I guess it’s too late to start studying anyway.W: If I were you, I’d really work hard tonight.M: I’d sure hate to miss that game tonight, but... W: Listen. Go to the game and I know you’ll be sorry.M: I guess you’re right. Let’s eat something first and then I’ll go to the library. W: OK. Let’s go.Text 2 W: Can you get someone to bring my luggage down?M: I’m afraid there is no one another at the moment. Could you possibly manage them on your own?W: On my own?! Are you serious? They’re very heavy. I thought this was a three-star hotel. There must be somebody there who can help. What about you?M: Me? Oh, I can’t leave the desk, madam. The only other person here is the manager, and he’s busy with a problem.W: Tell him he’ll have a real problem on his hands if I miss my train because of your poor service.M: I’ll see what I can do.Text 3My friend from Canada was in town last week and I showed him around, and, uh, it was really fun. I thought it was going to be, you know, a bit boring, you know, taking him here and there, but it, uh, I ended up seeing a part of my town I’d never seen before. Uh, we went to the zoo. Uh, we went to museums that I’d never seen before. Uh, and we also went to the opera one night. Oh, my gosh, it was just beautiful. And I had never been to the opera before. You know, when someone from out of town comes to visit, you end up doing things in your own city that you’d never thought of doing before. It was really great. The only thing is, uh, if I had it all to do all over again, I probably would work out our schedule for exactly what we’ll do on what day because some days we spent, you know, a couple of hours just trying to decide what to do.Text 4 W: OK, Mr. Wilson. Can you go over the events as you remember them?M: Um, I, I was on my way home from the chemist. It was about twenty-five to six. I’d just bought some medicine for my little boy and…W: How can you be sure about the time?M: Well, I’d just been to the chemist, as I say, and I remember saying to the girl, “Well, I suppose you must be glad the day’s over,” and she said, “Oh, no, not today, we do usually shut at 5:30, but it’s our late night tonight, unfortunately. We don’t shut until a quarter to eight, so another two and a quarter hours to go.”W: So, it was 5:35.M: Yes, and just as I was going to cross the road, I saw two men run out of the pub opposite, jump into a red car, and drive off at top speed. There was a driver already in the car waiting for them, of course, so there were three of them altogether.W: Yes, and we found out that one of the servicemen in the pub was the one who organized it all. He handed the money over to the two men who went into the pub.M: Oh! So you’ve arrested them all now, have you?W: All but one, sir, so what you said could be very important. Text 5 W: And when did you begin this sort of work? M: Let’s see now…Uh, yes, six years ago, this March.W: And you enjoy it?M: Oh yes, very much. It’s very tiring, with long hours on the job, sometimes, uh, as much as twelve hours. Well, uh, but it’s exciting to meet people from all over the world, it really is.W: What exactly do you do?M: Well, I take tourists to the famous places in the city, tell them the history of the places, talk about why they’re famous, but, uh, then there’s the other side.W: What do you mean? M: Well, you know, when foreigners come to this country, things are very different, so, um, it is my job to give them advice, uh, help them with problems, and, well, make them feel comfortable.W: And what are necessary for the job? M: Well, uh, they have to enjoy meeting new people, and they, well, they must take special courses in the history of the city and things like that.W: And do they have to know foreign languages? M: Yes, yes, that’s a must. Otherwise, a tour company can use only you for the groups that speak English and most of the tourists come from South America.W: South America? I see. So they speak Spanish.M: That’s right, Spanish. But my company will hire only people who speak at least two foreign languages.W: And you? How many languages do you speak? M: Me? I speak three: Spanish, French, and Italian.W: Three languages. Then I can see why your work is so easy for you.第二节：听取信息Text 6 Before we begin the first program of the day, which is chemistry for the Open University at three o’clock in just two minutes time, let’s take a look at a few of the programs later in the day. First of all, for those lucky ones who don’t have to go out to work there is afternoon cinema. This is your chance to catch up some of those old movies which you always meant to see but never got around to. Today at 4:30 we have a great film by Charlie Chaplin. After this, at 6:15, there is the popular program ‘Spot the Mistake,’ where you are invited to compete with a team of experts. This is followed at seven o’clock by ‘The World Around Us.’ This week, we’ll be taking a look at life in the Sonora Desert in southern Arizona where daytime temperatures can reach 45 degrees. At 8:50 we have ‘100 Great Sporting Moments,’ in which we’ll enjoy yesterday’s FA Cup at Wimbley between Manchester United and Brighton. This will be followed by the news at ten o’clock.. Then, at 10:15, we have ‘The Art Show.’ A group of painters came together in 1965 and called themselves the Artists of America. That’s ‘The Art Show’ at 10:15. 希望以上的东西能帮到你，还有如果你需要录音的话也可以找我 O(∩_∩)O~