《出师表》英文

你好!出师表Memorial on Sending Out the Troops

默写：先帝创业未半而中道崩殂（cú）；今天下三分，益州疲（pí）弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈（xiè）于内，忠志之士忘身于外者：盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗(yí)德，恢弘志士之气；不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞（sè）忠谏之路也。 宫中府中，俱为一体；陟（zhì ）罚臧（zāng）否（pǐ），不宜异同；若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。 侍中、侍郎郭攸（yōu）之、费祎（yī）、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗（wèi）陛下：愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨（bì）补阙漏，有所广益。 将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰能，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，必能使行（háng ）阵和睦，优劣得所。 亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长(zhǎng)史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。 臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻(wèn)达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥（wěi）自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间,尔来二十有（yòu ）一年矣！ 先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙（sù）夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶(shù)竭驽（nú）钝，攘（rǎng）除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。 愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵；若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎（jiù）。陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹（zōu）善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激！ 今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。翻译：先帝创办基业还不到一半，就中途去世了。现在，天下已分成魏、蜀、吴三国，我们蜀汉贫困衰弱，这实在是形式危急决定存亡的关键时刻啊。然而，侍卫大臣们在宫廷内毫不懈怠，忠诚有志的将士在边疆奋不顾身的原因，都是为追念先帝在世时对他们的特殊待遇，想在陛下身上报答啊。陛下应该扩大圣明的听闻，发扬光大先帝留下的美德，弘扬志士们的气概；不应该随随便便地看轻自己，言谈中称引譬喻不合大义（说话不恰当），以致堵塞忠臣进谏劝告的道路。 皇宫中和朝廷中都是一个整体，奖惩功过好坏不应因在皇宫中或朝廷中而有所不同。如果有做奸邪之事，犯科条法令以及尽忠做好事的人，应交给主管的官吏，由他们评定应得的处罚或奖赏，用来表明陛下公正严明的治理方针。不应偏袒徇私，使得宫内和宫外有不同的法则。 侍中郭攸之、费祎、侍郎董允等，他们都是善良诚实的人，他们的志向和心思忠诚无二，因此先帝把他们选拔出来留给陛下使用。我认为宫中的事情，无论大小，陛下都应征询他们，然后再去实施，这样一定能弥补缺点和疏漏的地方，获得更好的效果。 向宠将军，性情品德善良平正，精通军事，从前经过试用，先帝称赞他有才能，因此大家商议推举他做中部督。我认为军营中的事务，都应与他商量，这样一定能使军队团结协作，好的坏的各得其所。 亲近贤臣，疏远小人，这是前汉兴隆昌盛的原因；亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是后汉所以倾覆衰败的原因。先帝在世时，每次与我谈论这些事，没有一次不对桓、灵二帝感到惋惜痛心遗憾的。侍中，尚书，长史，参军，这些都是忠贞贤良能够以死报国的忠臣，希望陛下亲近他们、信任他们，那么汉室的兴隆就指日可待了。 我本来是一介平民，在南阳亲自种田，只求能在乱世中苟且偷生，不谋求在诸侯前扬名做官。先帝不认为我身世卑微、见识短浅，降低自己的身份，亲自三次到草庐里来看望我，向我征询对当今天下大事的意见，我因此十分感动激动，于是答应先帝愿为他奔走效劳。后来遇到失败，我在战败的时候接到委任，在危难的时候接受使命，从那时到现在已经二十一年了。 先帝（刘备）知道我做事谨慎，因此在临终前把国家大事托付给我（诸葛亮）。自从接受遗命以来，我日夜忧虑叹息，惟恐先帝之所托不能实现，以至有损先帝的知人之明。所以我在五月渡过泸水，深入到不长草的地方（作战）。现在南方已经平定，武器装备已经准备充足，应当鼓舞并率领三军，向北方平定中原。希望全部贡献出自己平庸的才能，铲除奸邪凶恶的曹魏，复兴汉室，回到原来的都城洛阳。这是我用来报答先帝并忠于陛下的职责本分。至于处理事务，斟酌情理，有所兴革，毫无保留的进献忠诚的建议，那是郭攸之、费祎、董允等人的责任了。 希望陛下把讨伐奸贼、复兴汉室的任务交给我，如果没有完成，就请治我的罪，来告慰先帝在天之灵。如果没有劝勉陛下宣扬圣德的忠言，就责罚郭攸之、费祎、董允等人的怠慢，来揭露他们的过失；陛下自己也应该认真考虑国家大事，征询治理国家的好办法，听取正确的意见，深切追念先帝遗留下的诏令。（如果能够这样，）我就受恩感激不尽了。 现在我就要辞别陛下远行了，面对奏表热泪纵横，不知说了些什么。

英文版《出师表》Permit your servant, Liang, to observe: the late sovereign wastaken from us while his life's work, the restoration of the Han, remained unfinished. Today, in a divided empire, our third, the province of Yizhou, war-worn and under duress, faces a season of crisis that threatens our very survival. Despite this, the officials at court persevere in their tasks, and loyal-minded officers throughout the realm dedicate themselves to you because one and all they cherish the memory of the exceptional treatment they enjoyed from the late sovereign and wish to repay it in service to Your Majesty. Truly this is a time to widen your sagely audience in order to enhance the late Emperor's glorious virtue and foster the morale of your dedicated officers. it would be unworthy of Your Majesty to demean yourself by resorting to ill-chosen justifications that would block the avenues of loyal remonstrance. The royal court and the ministerial administration constitute a single government. Both must be judged by one standard. Thsoe who do evil and violate the codes, as well as those who are loyal and good, must receive their due from the proper authorities. This will make manifest Your Majesty's fair and enlightened governance. Let no unseemly bias lead to different rules for the court and the administration. Privy counselors and imperial attendants like Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, and Dong Yun are all solid, reliable men, loyal of purpose, pur e in motive. The late Emperor selected them for office so that they would serve Your Majesty after his demise. In my own humble opinion, consulting these men on palace affairs great or small before action is taken will prevent errors and shortcomings and maximize advantages. Xiang Chong, a general of fine character and fair-minded conduct, profoundly versed in military matters, proved himself in battle during the previous reign, and the late Emperor pronounced him capable. That is why the assembly has recommended him for overall command. In my humble opinion, General Xiang Chong should be consulted on all military matters large or small to ensure harmony in the ranks and the judicious use of personnel. The Former Han thrived because its emperors stayed close to worthy vassals and far from conniving courtiers. The opposite policy led the Later Han to ruin. Whenever the late Emperor discussed this problem with me, he decried the failings of Emperors Huan and Ling. Privy counselors Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi, Secretary Chen Zhen, Senior Adviser Zhang Yi, and Military Counselor Jiang Wan are all men of shining integrity and unshakable devotion. I beg Your Majesty to keep close to them and to trust them, for that will strengthen our hopes for the resurgence of the house of Han. I began as a common man, toiling in my fields in Nanyang, doing what I could to keep body and soul together in an age of disorder and taking no interest in making a name for myself among the lords of the realm. Though it was beneath the dignity of the late Emperor to do so, he honored my thatched cottage to solicit my counsel on the events of the day. Grateful for his regard, I respond to his appeal and threw myself heart and soul into his service. Hard times followed for the cause of the late Emperor. I assumed my duties at a critical moment for our defeated army, accepting assignment in a period of direst danger. Now twenty-one years have passed. The late Emperor always appreciated my meticulous caution and, as the end neared, placed his great cause in my hands. Since that moment, I have tormented myself right and day lest I prove unworthy of his trust and thus discredit his judgment. That is why I crossed the River Lu in the summer heat and penetrated the barren lands of the Man. Now, the south subdued, our arms sufficing, it behooves me to marshal our soldiers to conquer the northern heartland and do my humble best to remove the hateful traitors, restore the house of Han, and return it to the former capital. This is the way I mean to honor my debt to the late Emperor and fulfill my duty to Your Majesty. As for weighing the advantages of internal policy and making loyal recommendations to Your Majesty, that is the responsibility of Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, and Dong Yun. My only desire is to obtain and execute your commission to chasten the traitors and restore the Han. Should I prove unfit, punish my offense and report it to the spirit of the late Emperor. If those three vassals fail to sustain Your Majesty’s virtue, then their negligence should be publicized and censured. Your Majesty, take counsel with yourself and consult widely on the right course. Examine and adopt sound opinions, and never forget the last edict of the late Emperor. Overwhelmed with gratitude for the favor I have received from you, I now depart on a distant campaign. Blinded by my tears falling on this petition, I write I know not what.

臣亮言：先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。

Permit me to observe: the late emperor was taken from us before he could finish his life's work, the restoration of the Han. Today, the empire is still divided in three, and our very survival is threatened.

然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。

Yet still the officials at court and the soldiers throughout the realm remain loyal to you, your majesty. Because they remember the late emperor, all of them, and they wish to repay his kindness in service to you.

诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。

This is the moment to extend your divine influence, to honor the memory of the late Emperor and strengthen the morale of your officers. It is not the time to listen to bad advice, or close your ears to the suggestions of loyal men.

亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也;亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。

The emperors of the Western Han chose their courtiers wisely, and their dynasty flourished. The emperors of the Eastern Han chose poorly, and they doomed the empire to ruin.

先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。

Whenever the late Emperor discussed this problem with me, he lamented the failings of Emperors Huan and Ling.

……

臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。

I began as a common man, farming in my fields in Nanyang, doing what I could to survive in an age of chaos. I never had any interest in making a name for myself as a noble.

先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。

The late Emperor was not ashamed to visit my cottage and seek my advice. Grateful for his regard, I responded to his appeal and threw myself into his service.

先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。

The late Emperor always appreciated my caution and, in his final days, entrusted me with his cause.

受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸，深入不毛。

Since that moment, I have been tormented day and night by the fear that I might let him down. That is why I crossed the Lu river at the height of summer, and entered the wastelands beyond.

今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。

Now the south has been subdued, and our forces are fully armed. I should lead our soldiers to conquer the northern heartland and attempt to remove the hateful traitors, restore the house of Han, and return it to the former capital.

此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。

This is the way I mean to honor my debt to the late Emperor and fulfill my duty to you.

愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。

My only desire is to be permitted to drive out the traitors and restore the Han. If I should let you down, punish my offense and report it to the spirit of the late Emperor.

陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言。深追先帝遗诏，臣不胜受恩感激。今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。

Your Majesty, consider your course of action carefully. Seek out good advice, and never forget the late words of the late Emperor. I depart now on a long expedition, and I will be forever grateful if you heed my advice. Blinded by my own tears, I know not what I write.

《出师表》是三国时期蜀汉丞相诸葛亮在北伐中原之前给后主刘禅上书的表文，阐述了北伐的必要性以及对后主刘禅治国寄予的期望，言辞恳切，写出了诸葛亮的一片忠诚之心。历史上有《前出师表》。至于三国演义中的后出师表，并没有证实。通常所说的《出师表》一般指《前出师表》。表，古代向帝王上书陈情言事的一种文体。

诸葛亮（公元181—234年），字孔明，琅邪郡阳都县（今山东省沂南县）人，是三国时期杰出的政治家和军事家。早年避乱于荆州，隐居陇亩，藏器待时。建安十二年（公元207年）十月，刘备三顾茅庐，始出。

诸葛亮对他纵谈天下形势，并建议刘备联合孙权，抗拒曹操，以益州为基地，兴复汉室，此后一直佐刘备。建安十三年即联孙权，在赤壁打败曹操，取得荆州，西取益州，建立蜀汉，拜为丞相。公元223年刘备死后，后主刘禅袭位，诸葛亮尽心托孤，被封为武乡候，主持朝政。诸葛亮志在北伐，于是东连孙吴，南收孟获，频年出征，与曹魏交战，最后因病卒于五丈原。有《诸葛武侯集》。

参考资料：《出师表》-百度百科