今夕访古
Medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Contemporary medicine applies health science, biomedical research, and medical technology to diagnose and treat injury and disease, typically through medication or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints & traction, prostheses, biologics, ionizing radiation and others. The word medicine is derived from the Latin ars medicina, meaning the art of healing. In most countries, it is a legal requirement for a medical doctor to be licensed or registered. In general, this entails a medical degree from a university and accreditation by a medical board or an equivalent national organization, which may ask the applicant to pass exams. This restricts the considerable legal authority of the medical profession to physicians that are trained and qualified by national standards. It is also intended as an assurance to patients and as a safeguard against charlatans that practice inadequate medicine for personal gain. While the laws generally require medical doctors to be trained in "evidence based", Western, or Hippocratic Medicine, they are not intended to discourage different paradigms of health.
小宇宙88888888
How to Keep Healthy Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy？ Different people may give different answers to this question. In my opinion， it is essential to do the following. First， it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. This strengthens the heart， reduces the chance of heart attack， and helps lower blood pressure. That's why more and more people are becoming active in various kinds of sports and exercises. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run， jog， walk or dance to music. In the afternoon，there are also many people keen on sports. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis， others go in for gymnastics or track events. Through sports and exercise， people become healthier and stronger. Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish. Fat can build up in the arteries， block the flow of blood， and cause a heart attack or stroke. Getting rid of bad habits like smoking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one's health a great deal， and therefore should be given up. Unfortunately few people follow this advice. If people follow these three ways of keeping fit， they greatly improve their health.
lijieqin不想长大
How to Keep Healthy Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy？ Different people may give different answers to this question. In my opinion， it is essential to do the following. First， it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. This strengthens the heart， reduces the chance of heart attack， and helps lower blood pressure. That's why more and more people are becoming active in various kinds of sports and exercises. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run， jog， walk or dance to music. In the afternoon，there are also many people keen on sports. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis， others go in for gymnastics or track events. Through sports and exercise， people become healthier and stronger. Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish. Fat can build up in the arteries， block the flow of blood， and cause a heart attack or stroke. Getting rid of bad habits like smoking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one's health a great deal， and therefore should be given up. Unfortunately few people follow this advice. If people follow these three ways of keeping fit， they greatly improve their health. 现在越来越多的人担心自己的健康。可是如何保持健康呢？不同的人对这个问题可能会给予不同的回答。依我之见，按照下面几点去做很有必要。 首先，天天坚持锻炼绝对必要。有关研究表明，多多锻炼身体使心脏跳动更快，使肺部功能更强，就可大大加强心脏功能，减少心力衰竭的可能性，同时有助于降低血压。 因此，越来越多的人们正积极参加各种运动和各种锻炼。每天早晨，许多人清早起床锻炼身体。有的打太极拳，有的练习舞剑，有的跑步，有的慢跑，有的散步，有的配合着音乐跳舞。下午同样有许多人喜爱运动。有些打篮球，有些打排球或乒乓球，还有些爱好体操或参加田径项目。人们通过运动和锻炼，身体越来越健壮。 医学研究工作者已经证明，人的饮食影响人的健康。他们劝告人们多吃水果和蔬菜，少吃牛肉、猪肉等肉类，因为这些肉类比家禽和鱼含有更多的脂肪。脂肪可积聚在动脉里，阻挡血液流通，并引起心力衰竭或造成中风。 戒除像吸烟、酗酒这样的坏习惯，也是一种保持健康的重要方法。吸烟、酗酒极大地损害健康，所以应当戒除。可惜，遵照这一忠告的人寥寥无几。 要是人们将以上三种保健方式落实于自己的行动，那么人们的健康状况便会大为改善。
一脚踢飞你
人食五谷杂粮，总会有生病的时候，这时医学就显得尤为重要。下面是我带来的关于医学方面的英语 文章 ，欢迎阅读!
关于医学方面的英语文章
Joseph Heller’s Catch-22 is one of the most acclaimed novels of the twentieth century. It is a black comedy about life in the military during World War II. It features bombardier John Yossarian, who is trying to survive the military’s inexhaustible supply of bureaucracy and who is frantically trying to do anything to avoid killing and being killed. Heller was able to use his own experiences in the Air Force during World War II to create this character and the novel.
Even though Catch-22 eventually became known as a great novel, it was not originally considered one. When it was first published in 1961, the reviews were tepid and the sales were lackluster. It was not well received at this point at least in part because it presented such a cowardly protagonist at a time when World War II veterans were being lauded for their selfless courage.
Within a few years of the release of the book, as an unpopular war in Southeast Asia was heating up, Heller’s Catch-22 found a new audience eager to enjoy the exploits of Heller’s war-averse protagonist. It was within the framework of this era that Catch-22 was newly discovered, newly examined, and newly credited as one of the century’s best novels.
Let me talk a bit about the expression catch-22. Do you understand what a catch-22 is? This expression is so well known now that it has entered the American lexicon: well, a catch-22 is a situation that is unresolvable, one where there is no good choice, not best path to take.
In Heller’s novel, the catch-22 is a very specific catch in a very specific situation. The situation in which the protagonist found himself was that he wanted to get out of combat by declaring himself insane. So you see that in this situation, there was a very specific catch. In American culture now, though, this expression is used more generally. It refers to any situation where there’s a catch, where there’s no solution, where there’s no way out.
One more bit of information about the expression catch-22, about the number 22 in the expression. This number doesn’t have any real meaning; it just signifies one in a long line of catches. Heller really could have used any number; it didn’t have to be 22. When Heller was first writing the book, he used the number 14; the book was originally titled Catch-14. Then, in the production process, the number was changed to 18, so the title was Catch-18. But then there was a problem with the number 18 because there was another book with 18 in the title, so Heller’s title became Catch-22.
Hemophilia is a condition in which the blood either clots slowly or fails to clot at all. Most people who get a little cut on a finger can put a bandage on the cut, and the cut on the finger will heal because the blood will clot. A blood clot forms from the polymerization of protein fibers that circulate in the blood. A number of protein factors take part in the process, and it is necessary for all of the protein factors to function correctly for blood to clot. Hemophilia exists when any of the factors is either missing or not functioning.
The most common kinds of hemophilia are hemophilia A (or classic hemophilia) and hemophilia B (or Christmas hemophilia), which was named after the first person known to have contracted it. Hemophilia A occurs when clotting factor 8 is not functioning properly; 85% of those who suffer from hemophilia have hemophilia type A. Hemophilia B occurs when factor 9 is not functioning properly; almost all of the rest of those who suffer from hemophilia have hemophilia B.
Hemophilia is generally passed from mother to son, though sometimes it seems to develop spontaneously in some women. Women carry recessive gene but do not generally develop the disease. A mother who carries the defective gene may or may not pass it on to her children. If a mother passes the defective gene to a daughter, the daughter will carry the gene but will most likely not develop the disease. If a mother passes the defective gene to a son, then the son will most likely develop the disease.
Probably the most famous case of hemophilia is often called Royal hemophilia. In this case, Queen Victoria of England, who lived from 1819-1901, was a carrier of the mutating factor 8 that leads to hemophilia type A. Queen Victoria may have inherited the mutated gene from one of her parents, though there is no sign of the mutated gene in the families of Victoria’s parents up to that time that she was born. The mutated factor 8 may also have mutated spontaneously in Victoria, as seems to happen sometimes.
However Victoria came to be a carrier of the gene with the mutated factor, she unfortunately passed it on to some of her children. She had nine children, and three of them, her daughters Alice and Beatrice and her son Leopold, received the mutated gene from their mother. Victoria’s daughters then intermarried with other royal houses of Europe and carried the disease with them. Through Queen Victoria’s daughter Beatrice, the disease was carried into the royal family of Spain. Through Queen Victoria’s daughter Alice, the disease was introduced into the royal families of Austria and Russia, though the disease no longer exists in the Russian family because Victoria’s granddaughter Alexandra and her children were all killed during the Russian revolution.
