520mengcheng
一、指人的关系代词。主格——who,用在动词前,作主语。属格——whose,用在名词前作定语。宾格——whom,用在主语、谓语动词的前面,作动词或介系词的宾语。二、指物的关系代词。主格——which,用在动词前,作主语。属格——whose,用在名词前作定语。宾格——which,用在主语、谓语动词的前面,作动词或介系词的宾语。三、指人或物的关系代词。主格——that,用在动词前,作主语。属格——whose,用在名词前作定语。宾格——that,用在主语、谓语动词的前面,作动词或介系词的宾语。四、其它关系代词。but,as,than作关系代词引导定语从句but既可指人,也可指物,常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含"否定"的意思,其作用相当于"that /which /who...not"。它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词(如:no,not, little,few,hardly等)。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用,达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。例如: There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children.)没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。as既可指人,也可指物,常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。例如: ①He is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界上最勇敢的人。 ②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading.不要读那些不值得读的书。 as作关系代词,还可用来引导非限制性定语从句,as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末。例如: ① Taiwan,as we all know,is an inseparable part of China. ②As we all know,Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. ③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as we all know.than前通常有表比较的词。例如:Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时,还要注意区分下列两个词组: 1."such...that..."表"如此……以致……"的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而"such...as..."表"像……这(那)样"的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子: ① He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他。 ② He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人。 2."the same...that..."表同一人或物,而"the same...as..."表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子: ①This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一本书。(指同一本书) ②This is the same book as I lost.我丢失的那一本书一模一样。(并不是原来的那一本)关系代词的用法关系代词(that, who, whom, whose, which)所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。例1. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who / that在从句中作主语,指人)例2. He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom / that在从句中作宾语,指人)例3. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.(whose在句中作定语,指人)例4. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.(whose在句中作定语,指物。若指物,它还可以同of which互换)例5. The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作carry的宾语,指物)
boneash2004
关系代词 (1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。) (2) 关系代词有主格,宾格和所有格之分,并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物,见表: 限定性 非限定性 限定性 指 人 指 物 指人或指物 主 格 who which that 宾 格 whom that that 所有格 whose of which/whose of which/whose 例如: This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。 (whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语) He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。 (which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略) (3) 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,例如: He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。 说明: 关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略, 例如: I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew. 我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了。 He's changed. He's not the man he was. 他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。 注释:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,that在从句中作表语时也可省略。 非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词。 (4)三个特殊关系代词的用法 but,as,than作关系代词引导定语从句 but既可指人,也可指物,常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含"否定"的意思,其作用相当于"that /which /who...not"。它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词(如:no,not, little,few,hardly等)。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用,达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。例如: There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children.)没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。 as既可指人,也可指物,常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。例如: ①He is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界上最勇敢的人。 ②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading.不要读那些不值得读的书。 as作关系代词,还可用来引导非限制性定语从句,as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末。例如: ① Taiwan,as we all know,is an inseparable part of China. ②As we all know,Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. ③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as we all know. than既可指人,也可指物,可作关系代词来引导定语从句。than前通常有表比较的词。例如:Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。 在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时,还要注意区分下列两个词组: 1."such...that..."表"如此……以致……"的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而"such...as..."表"像……这(那)样"的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子: ① He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他。 ② He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人。 2."the same...that..."表同一人或物,而"the same...as..."表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子: ①This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一本书。(指同一本书) ②This is the same book as I lost.我丢失的那一本书一模一样。(并不是原来的那一本)
我们的季节e
在英语中,关系代词有that,who,what,when,where,how,which等。一般that用于定语从句,即修饰名词或代词的句子,that一般可以省略.其他的可用于宾语从句、主语从句、状语从句等等,这些词一般指代本身作为疑问代词或副词时指代的含义。如who“谁”在宾语从句中就代替某人。例句:I want to know who broke the window.“我想知道是谁打破了窗户。”此时who后句子作为know的从句,但问的就是这个who. 宾语一般由 名词或代词充当,谓语一般由动词充当。
葳蕤9999
英语关系代词的重点用法与辨析
导语:关系代词用来引导定语从句,它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。下面我介绍英语关系代词的重点用法与辨析,欢迎参考!
1. 关系代词的形式与用法
主要的`关系代词有 that, who, whom, whose, which, as 等。其中who, whom 只用于指人,which, as 只用于指物,whose, that 既可于指人也可指物。关系代词在定语从句主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。如:
People who smoke cannot travel in certain parts of the train. 吸烟的人不能在火车的某些地方走动。
He is not a person whose promise you can build on.他不是那种你可以信赖他诺言的人。
They read us the stories which they themselves had written.他们给我们读他们自己写的故事。
2. that 与 which的用法辨析
两者都可指物,常可互换,但引导非限制性定语从句或直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常只用which;当先行词是much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等不定代词或受其修饰时,通常用that,另外,当先行词受the very, the only, the same 以及最高级和或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时,通常都只用that。如:
He invited us to dinner, which was very kind of him. 他请我们去吃饭,这是他的好心。
He grasped at anything that might help him. 他试图抓住任何对自己有利的东西。
There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敌人无法,只好投降。
This is the only reference book (that)I find useful. 这是我发现的唯一有用的参考书。
注:当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时,通常用that,另外当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常用that。
3. as与which的用法辨析
引导限制性定语从句时,在such, as, the same后只能用as,其他情况用 which;引导非限制性定语从句时,有时两者可互换,但若位于主句之前,则只能用 as。如:
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起来那么傻。
You must show my wife the same respect as you show me. 你必须像敬重我一样来敬重我妻子。
As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 众所周知,吸烟有害健康。
注:as 引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致,which无此限制。如:
He married Mary, as [which] was expected. 他娶了玛丽,这是大家预料到的。
He married Mary, which was unexpected. 他娶了玛丽,这让大家感到很意外。(不用as)
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