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一、主语：主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。例句：He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。二、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类1、简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成;可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。例句：We study for the people.我们为人民学习。2、复合谓语，情态动词，不定式例句：I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。三、表语：表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。例句：My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。四、宾语：1、宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。例句：We like English.我们喜欢英语。2、有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。例句：He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。3、有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。例句：We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。五、宾补：就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的例句：I know you are student good at maths 在这个句子中good at maths 就是补语。1、宾语补语也可以是句子，所以这个句子也可以是 I know you are student who is good at maths2、还可以是-ing 形式I see you crossing the street简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分.因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.六、定语：在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。1、用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。例句：He is a new student.他是个新生。2、但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。例句：The bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。七、状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。例句：He lives in London.他住在伦敦。
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一、时间状语She is to be married next month. 她预定在下个月结婚。I’ll meet you at 4 o’clock. 我将在4点钟和你见面。A lot of students missed my lecture yesterday. 昨天许多学生误了我的课。二、地点状语He lives over the mountain. 他住在山的那一边。I first met him in Paris. 我初次见到他是在巴黎。The children are swimming in the river. 孩子们正在河里游泳。注：地点状语除表位置外，还可以表“出发”“去向”“距离”等。如：Are you glad to be going back to school? 返回学校你感到高兴吗? They lived many miles from the town. 他们住的地方离镇子好几英里远。三、方面状语She is very weak in physics. 她物理很不行。China is very rich in natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。This is better in every way than that. 这个在哪一方面都比那个要好。The bridge is 2500 meters in length and 150 meters in height. 这座桥长2500米，高150米。四、原因状语He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话，他很吃惊。He succeeded by hard work. 他由于努力工作而成功。He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因为抢劫而坐牢。Last week she fell ill from cold. 上星期她着凉生病了。We’re proud of our motherland. 我们为祖国感到骄傲。五、结果状语He talked his wife into buying a car. 他说服他妻子买一辆小汽车。The box is too heavy for me to lift. 这个箱子太重了，我提不动。It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。He went to Africa in 1963, never to come back. 他在1963年到非洲，然后就再也没回来过了。六、目的状语They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。He saves on behalf of his son. 他为儿子存钱。He stood aside for her to pass. 他靠边站让她过去。He cupped his ear to hear better. 他的手捂着耳朵，以便听得更清楚。He went to the south in search of a better life. 他去南方寻求更好的生活。I went to France not to study French, but to study architecture. 我去法国不是为了学法语，而是为了学建筑。七、条件状语Can you see without your glasses? 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？United, we stand；divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。With more moneyI would be able to buy it. 钱多一点的话，我就买得起。To look at himyou could hardly help laughing. 看到他你就会忍不住笑起来。We must be losing at least a third of our staff under new technology. 在新的技术条件下，我们必定要解雇至少三分之一的员工。Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们将于明天进行比赛。八、让步状语For all his money, he’s a very lonely man. 他虽然富有，可是非常寂寞。Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill. 卡洛尔尽管感到不舒服仍去上了班。With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。You couldn’t do that to save your life. 你即使为了救自己的命也不能那样做。Laughed at by everybody, he had my sympathy. 人人都嘲笑他，但我却同情他。Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。九、程度状语I don’t like coffee very much. 我不太喜欢咖啡。To a great extent, it is not fair. 在很大程度上，这是不公平的。The system which is used in this school is very successful. 这个学校所施行的制度是非常成功的。十、方式状语We came on the bus. 我们坐公共汽车来的。You must pay the bill in cash. 你必须用现金付账。I watched the game on television. 我在电视上收看了那场比赛。We see with our eyes, and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听。I heard of the job through a newspaper advertisement. 我从报上的广告中知道了这个工作。十一、伴随状语I slept with the window open. 我开着窗睡觉。She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着泪水说再见。He ran up to her breathing heavily. 他气喘吁吁地跑到她跟前。He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗跑进屋来。
yuki198611
状语——修饰动词、形容词或副词。凡是能修饰动词、形容词、副词的词都可以做状语，一般是副词或副词短语。状语在句子中的位置比较灵活。
she feels very happy.（副词very修饰形容词happy）
she goes to work early.（副词early修饰动词go）
Ibought a bike yesterday.（副词yesterday表示时间）也可以说yesterday, i bought a bike.
Ilooked at the young man and the young woman angrily.（副词angrily表示方式）
The young people will meet them at the station.（副词短语at the station表示地点）
如果一个句子中同时包含一种以上的副词时，地点副词一般位于通常位于方式之后，时间之前。
如：Bobareread quietly in her room all afternoon.
状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间，原因，条件，比较，结果，目的等类。
时间状语从句：是由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as等从属连词引导的状语从句。
时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时，只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如:I will call you as soon as I arrive there.
原因状语从句：because, since, as和for都表示原因。常常令我们不知该用哪个好。我们来比较一下。
because语势最强，回答why提出的问题，用来说明人所不知的原因。当能够很明显的看出原因或人们已知原因，就用as或since。如：I don’t like that coat,because the color looks terrible.
由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。如：He is not here, because/for his mother is ill.
目的状语从句：表示目的状语的从句可以由in order that, so that等词引导。如：You must raise your voice so that/in order that everybody can hear you clearly.
结果状语从句：结果状语从句常由so...that或such...that引导，要掌握和区分这两个句型，首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。如：The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
让步状语从句：是由though, although引导的状语从句。though, although和but不能同时使用。
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