各国习俗的英文

The maldives custom tabooMaldivians polite and etiquette. When they meet each other's hand hold. Maldivians simplicity and hospitable. Friend home, master will take home is the best food to entertain guests. Maldivians with Islam is the state religion, there are many religious traditions, such as alcohol, fasting pork, daily prayer five inferior.British customBritish people all the rules. Their car driving direction and other European countries. Based on the English speakers will be conceited, besides English, British people won't speak other languages.German customsThe germans, there is a genuine efficient reputation. Germany's personal relationship is very negotiators serious. In all cases used to wear a suit (don't hand in his pocket, it is considered rude performance). Gift to personally, even in the name of the company.Italian customItalian people less than the germans, and gives some stereotypes in passion. But in dealing with business often don't move feeling, make decisions, and not slow to consult with aides, but unwilling to rush.Spanish customsSpanish emphasis on individual credibility, would rather suffer some loss is not willing to publicly admitted mistakes. If you think they are in agreement was accidentally lost to help them, then permanently win their trust and friendship.Singapore custom tabooSingapore is a multi-racial country and many religions, therefore, should pay attention to respect the different racial and religious people's habits and customs. Such as, visiting mosques must take off shoe, can enter lady wearing shorts or exposure skirt, nor enter the prayer hallSouth Korean custom tabooSocial etiquetteSouth Korean people advocate Confucianism, respect the elders, when everybody to elderly house stood up and asked them well. And when talking to elderly picked sunglasses. After morning and greeting to parents, Parents and children will go back to meet others to eat. When the bus, gives his seat to old people. Pick up. When having a meal for the elderly or elders should start serving shengfan, old man, others move chopsticks to eat. When the bus, gives his seat to old people.Korean traditional etiquette is met the bow, junior, lower when walking elder or higher, should meet and greet, bowing stood, its first, as a mark of respect. Between man and his greeting each other bow handshake, shake hands, or use or left, and only once. Bow in business etiquette in use. And south Korean officials deal with general can shake or gently nod your head. Women generally don't shake hands with people.In the social collective and dinner, and separate socially, even at home or in restaurants.In South Korea, if someone invites you for dinner, you eat or home should bring small gifts, had better choose packaged food. Starting with toast, the right hand beer bottles, TuoPing left, then again finally bowing to remarks, poured wine, and for three cups. People should put his toast glasses were low, with some of his cup to each other's cup rim. And again after drunk a nod to leave. As a guest, master not let you visit the whole house, not his everywhere around. You should leave, master walk you to the door to door, then, even say good-bye.Korean hands after gifts in front of the guests, but not face open. Not send to Korean foreign cigarettes. Wine is the best gift to send Korean men, but cannot send wine to women, unless you this wine is for her husband. In giving gifts should pay attention to the south koreans, Korean men like famous textile, tie, lighter, electric razor. Women like cosmetic bag, scarf, gloves, such items and the kitchen with seasoning. Children like the food. If you send money, should be in an envelope.If you have visited must agreement in advance. Korean attaches great importance to the reception and dinner exchanges in the hotel bar commonly held little madam, or present.no-noGovernment regulation, South Korea's national anthem and flag, citizens of royal must respect. Not only radio broadcast movie and the national anthem, the timing is put before the screening performance shall stand up the national anthem, the audience. Foreigners in the place such as performance, can be considered too shabby in South Korea is the ungodly.Korean taboo. Holiday when they meet each other, cannot say unlucky, more can't angry, fight. Lunar month first three garbage, sweeping, not more cannot kill chickens slaughtered pigs. HanShiJie avoid fire. Animals are arranged marriage, avoid thinking gram one-day. Fishermen eat fish because of envy, not turn capsized. Avoid to someone's house, or two nails JieYuan after death. When eating with your hat, or avoid lifelong poor. When sleeping, otherwise read book avoid pillow. Avoid death in the dog, otherwise will die in three years.With the seniors, with sitting posture to correct. Because of the Korean table is short legs, put on, DeHang onto dinner, BinZhu should be sitting cross-legged on the ground. If the elders sitting on his knees before should be on foot motherboard, no matter who, absolutely cannot take double leg unbend or opened, otherwise you'll be considered impolite or insult people. End ask permission before, not in the superior, the elder, not to smoke before the lend fire or - pitched battles raged between. Don't make noise when eating, does not talk. Enter family homes or Korean restaurant should take off your shoes. In the streets to eat, and in the sight of men, are biow considered rude.In South Korea, north Korea do not mention "dirty", also don't say ", "city" in Seoul, South Korea. Photography in strict, military facilities, airports, reservoir, subway, national museum and places of entertainment are forbidden in the air as object, and the high-rise buildings in the forbidden pictures are also listed.马尔代夫风俗禁忌马尔代夫人讲礼貌，重礼节。他们相见时互相拉住对方的手问好。马尔代夫人纯朴、好客。朋友到家，主人会拿出家里最好的食物款待客人。马尔代夫人以伊斯兰教为国教，有许多宗教习俗，如禁酒、禁食猪肉、每天祷告五次等。英国风俗习惯英国人凡事都循规蹈矩。他们的汽车行驶方向和欧洲其他国家正好相反。基于将英语作为母语的自负，除了英语外，英国人不会讲其他语言。德国风俗德国人，有一种名副其实的讲究效率的声誉。德国谈判者的个人关系是很严肃的。要习惯于在所有场合下穿一套西装（不要将手放在口袋里，这被认为是无理的表现）。馈赠要针对个人，即使是以公司的名义。意大利风俗习惯意大利人比德国人少一些刻板，比法国人多一些热情。但在处理商务时通常不动感情，做出决策较慢，并不是为了同幕僚商量，而是不愿仓促表态。西班牙风俗西班牙人强调个人信誉，宁愿受点损失也不愿公开承认失误。如果你认为他们在协议中无意受到了损失而帮助他们，那么便永久地赢得了他们的友谊和信任。新加坡风俗禁忌新加坡是一个多元种族和多种宗教信仰的国家，因此，要注意尊重不同种族和不同宗教信仰人士的风俗习惯。如，参观清真寺必须脱帽脱鞋进入，女士不能穿短裤或暴露的裙子，也不可进入祷告大厅韩国风俗禁忌社交礼仪韩国人崇尚儒教，尊重长老，长者进屋时大家都要起立，问他们高寿。和长者谈话时要摘去墨镜。早晨起床和饭后都要向父母问安;父母外出回来，子女都要迎他人才能吃。乘车时，要让位给老年人。接。吃饭时应先为老人或长辈盛饭上菜，老人动筷后，其他人才能吃。乘车时，要让位给老年人。韩国人见面时的传统礼节是鞠躬，晚辈、下级走路时遇到长辈或上级，应鞠躬、问候，站在一旁，计其先行，以示敬意。男人之间见面打招呼互相鞠躬并握手，握手时或用双手，或用左手，并只限于点一次头。鞠躬礼节一般在生意人中不使用。和韩国官员打交道一般可以握手或是轻轻点一下头。女人一般不与人握手。在社会集体和宴会中，男女分开进行社交活动，甚至在家里或在餐馆里都是如此。在韩国，如有人邀请你到家吃饭或赴宴，你应带小礼品，最好挑选包装好的食品。席间敬酒时，要用右手拿酒瓶，左手托瓶底，然后鞠躬致祝辞，最后再倒酒，且要一连三杯。敬酒人应把自己的酒杯举得低一些，用自己杯子的杯沿去碰对方的杯身。敬完酒后再鞠个躬才能离开。做客时，主人不会让你参观房子的全貌，不要自己到处逛。你要离去时，主人送你到门口，甚至送到门外，然后说再见。韩国人用双手接礼物，但不会当着客人的面打开。不宜送外国香烟给韩国友人。酒是送韩国男人最好的礼品，但不能送酒给妇女，除非你说清楚这酒是送给她丈夫的。在赠送韩国人礼品时应注意，韩国男性多喜欢名牌纺织品、领带、打火机、电动剃须刀等。女性喜欢化妆品、提包、手套、围巾类物品和厨房里用的调料。孩子则喜欢食品。如果送钱，应放在信封内。若有拜访必须预先约定。韩国人很重视交往中的接待，宴请一般在饭店或酒吧举行，夫人很少在场。禁忌政府规定，韩国公民对国旗、国歌、国花必须敬重。不但电台定时播出国歌，而且影剧院放映演出前也放国歌，观众须起立。外国人在上述场所如表现过分怠慢，会被认为是对韩国和韩族的不敬。韩国人禁忌颇多。逢年过节相互见面时，不能说不吉利的话，更不能生气、吵架。农历正月头三天不能倒垃圾、扫地，更不能杀鸡宰猪。寒食节忌生火。生肖相克思婚姻，婚期忌单日。渔民吃鱼不许翻面，因忌翻船。忌到别人家里剪指甲，否则两家死后结冤。吃饭时忌带帽子，否则终身受穷。睡觉时忌枕书，否则读无成。忌杀正月里生的狗，否则三年内必死无疑。与年长者同坐时，坐姿要端正。由于韩国人的餐桌是矮腿小桌，放在地炕上，用餐时，宾主都应席地盘腿而坐。若是在长辈面前应跪坐在自己的脚底板上，无论是谁，绝对不能把双腿伸直或叉开，否则会被认为是不懂礼貌或侮辱人。末征得同意前，不能在上级、长辈面前抽烟，不能向其借火或接火。吃饭时不要随便发出声响，更不许交谈。进入家庭住宅或韩式饭店应脱鞋。在大街上吃东西、在人面前擤鼻涕，都被认为是粗鲁的。在韩国人面前，切勿提"朝鲜”三字，也不要把"汉城说成"京城"。照相在韩国受到严格限制，军事设施、机场、水库、地铁、国立博物馆以及娱乐场所都是禁照对象，在空中和高层建筑拍照也都在被禁之列。

各国风俗礼仪英语

ost of you are familiar with American, Canadian and English Christmas customs, which are largely the same, including Santa bringing presents that sit below a lit up tree. But have you ever wondered just how Christmas is celebrated in China, or in Finland? Whether you’re just interested in learning more about other cultures or want to incorporate some new traditions into your holiday celebrations, this article is filled with all you need to know about international Christmases.

大多数人对英美加这些国家如何过圣诞都很熟悉。它们的圣诞习俗大同小异，包括圣诞老人在点亮的圣诞树下放上礼物。但是你曾想过中国、芬兰这些国家是如何庆祝圣诞的吗?不管你是有兴趣了解其他文化，还是想为自己的圣诞庆祝添点新花样，我介绍的这篇文章将给你所有“必知”的不同国家的圣诞知识。

Poland

波兰

For Poles, Christmas Eve is a night of magic when animals are said to talk and people have the power to predict the future. It’s a time for families to gather and reconcile any differences, and to remember loved ones who have gone before them.

对于波兰人来说，平安夜是充满魔力的一夜。据说动物在这一夜可以与人说话，而人有预测未来的能力。家人们会在平安夜团聚一堂，调和矛盾，并怀念过世的亲人。

Wigilia (vee-GEEL-yah), which literally means "vigil," or waiting for the birth of Baby Jesus, is considered more important than Christmas Day itself.

对波兰人来说，“守夜”或“等待婴孩耶稣的诞生”(Wigilia)比圣诞节那一天更重要。

Wigilia is a meatless meal because, years ago, Roman Catholics fasted for the four weeks of Advent, including Christmas Eve. In the past there were thirteen main dishes (representing the Apostles and Christ), but, these days, many families have replaced this tradition with a twelve-fruit compote for dessert.

“守夜”晚餐是素食，因为多年前，罗马天主教徒在降临节四周一直到平安夜都斋戒。过去晚餐有13道主菜(代表耶稣和他的使徒)。但是如今许多家庭转而选择12样水果的果盘甜点。

The foods are to represent the four corners of the earth -- mushrooms from the forest, grain from the fields, fruit from the orchards, and fish from the lakes and sea.

食物代表地球的天涯海角——蘑菇来自于森林，谷物来自于田地，水果来自于果园，而鱼来自于湖海。

Meals vary from family to family but usually include a special soup followed by many elegant fish preparations, vegetables, and pierogi.

每家的饭菜都不同，但通常都包括一种特制的汤，还有许多精致的鱼肉餐、蔬菜和半圆形小酥饼。

Czech Republic

捷克共和国

The Czech version of Saint Nick is known as Svaty Mikulas, who is said to climb down to Earth from the heavens using a golden rope. Mikulas is accompanied by an angel and a devil who help him decide which girls and boys deserve treats and toys, and which ones deserve a swatch.

捷克人称圣诞老人为“米库拉斯”(Svaty Mikulas)。据说他用一根金绳从天堂爬到了大地。陪在他身边的是一位天使和一位恶魔。他们俩决定哪些男孩女孩值得得到美食和玩具而哪些孩子该被鞭打一顿。

There are a lot of fortune-telling traditions that are associated with Christmas as well. One involves a family member cutting a branch from a cherry tree and putting it inside in water. If it blooms in time for Christmas it is good luck. It also may represent that the winter will be short, or if a single woman picked the branch, it could mean she will get married in the next year.

圣诞节也有一些算命的习俗。其中有一个是家庭成员从樱桃树上砍下一根树枝并把它放入水中。如果它在圣诞节开了花，就表示好运。它也代表冬季会很短。倘若一位单身女子捡到了这根树枝，这表示她在明年将会结婚。

On Christmas Eve, single woman also try to see if they will get married in the next year by standing outside with their back to their front door, removing one of their shoes and throwing it over their shoulder. If the shoe lands with the toe facing the door, then she will marry in the next year. If not, she will have to wait at least another 12 months.

在平安夜，单身女子还会通过“扔鞋子”来测试自己明年是否会结婚。她们在屋外背对前门站着，脱下一只鞋，把它从肩上向后扔。如果鞋子落地时鞋头朝门，这就表示她们明年将会结婚。如果鞋子鞋尾朝门，她们就得再等个一年了。

Austria

奥地利

Austrian children still get to celebrate the arrival of Ol’ Saint Nick, but they also have to brace themselves for the arrival of his evil counterpart, Krampus. Where Saint Nicholas rewards good behavior with treats and toys on December 6, the demonic Krampus arrives on December 5, looking to punish all the bad children. His weapons of choice are birch switches to beat children with and burlap sacks to kidnap them and throw them into the river. The worst part is that local men actually dress up like Krampus (just like many men dress up as Santa in America) and terrorize the streets. In some villages, kids are even made to run what is known as a Krampus-gauntlet, in an attempt to outrun the switches.

地利的孩子们庆祝圣诞老人的到来，但同时他们也得迎来邪恶的克拉普斯(Krampus)。圣诞老人在12月6号给表现好的孩子送美食、发玩具。而恶魔般的克拉普斯5号就到了，意在惩罚所有的坏孩子。他把桦树枝做的鞭子当武器，还用粗麻袋绑架他们，把他们扔到河里。最糟糕的是，当地的男士会打扮的像克拉普斯(就像许多美国人打扮的像圣诞老人一样)，在街上吓唬小孩子。在很多村庄里，很多小孩子甚至必须接受“克拉普斯大挑战”，他们努力比克拉普斯的鞭子跑得更快。

France

法国

Children of East France have an evil visitor to keep them behaving all year long. Le Pere Fouettard, which translates into “The Whipping Father,” accompanies Saint Nicolas in on December 6. While St. Nick gives good children presents, Le Pere Fouettard gives coal and whippings to the naughty children.

法国东部的孩子们有个邪恶的造访者，他叫“鞭子老爹”(Le Pere Fouettard)，确保孩子们一整年都表现乖巧。圣诞老人12月6号给孩子分发礼物时，他也陪伴左右。“鞭子老爹”会给淘气的孩子煤块和一顿鞭子。

One of the most popular origin stories of the character say that he was a greedy inn keeper who killed three rich boys on their way to boarding school. In many versions of the story, he even eats the children. Whether or not he cannibalizes the boys, the story ends when Saint Nick finds out and resurrects the children and forces Le Pere Fouettard to act as his servant throughout time.

关于“鞭子老爹”这个人物的起源，最流行的一个版本是说，他是一个贪婪的'旅馆老板，在三个富男孩上学路上把他们杀了。很多其他版本甚至流传他吃小孩。故事的结局是圣诞老人找到并救出了孩子们，还迫使“鞭子老爹”永世做他的仆人。

Aside from The Whipping Father, another popular French tradition involves making a cake that looks like a traditional Yule log, known as buche de Noel. Christmas trees never really caught on in the country and while most people don’t have any use for an actual Yule log, the cake is a fun and festive substitute. Some of the buche de Nol can get fairly elaborate and even involve meringue mushrooms and edible flower decorations.

除了“鞭子老爹”的故事，法国圣诞还有一个传统是做“圣诞柴蛋糕”。其实圣诞树从未风靡全法国。虽然圣诞柴对法国人来说没什么实际用途，但这个蛋糕代表了人们的愉快和节日的喜庆。有些“圣诞柴蛋糕”做得相当精致，甚至有蛋白酥皮小蘑菇和能吃的花朵装饰品。

Germany

德国

Belsnickel is the German Santa’s dark enforcer, but he’s not nearly as evil as Krumpus or The Whipping Father. Instead he just wears fur from head to toe and gives good girls and boys candy and bad children coal and switches.

贝尔森克(Belsnickel)是德国圣诞老人的惩罚执行者，但他没克拉普斯或鞭子老爹那么邪恶。他从头到脚穿着毛皮，给好孩子们发糖果，给坏孩子们煤块和一顿鞭子。

Many are decorated with a wreath known as an “Adventskranz.” These wreaths have four candles which serve as a sort of weekly advent calendar, as each Sunday marks the opportunity to light a new candle.

许多地方都装饰有“降临节花环”(Adventskranz)。花环上有四只蜡烛，代表着降临节周历。每周日都点燃一只蜡烛。四只都被点燃时就意味着圣诞节到了。

On December 21, St. Thomas Day is believed to be the shortest day of the year and anyone who arrives late to work is called a “Thomas Donkey.” They are also given a cardboard donkey and made fun of throughout the rest of the day.

12月21日是“圣·托马斯日”(St. Thomas Day)，据说是一年中最短的一天。任何在这一天上班迟到的人都被叫做“托马斯驴子”，他们还会收到一个纸板做的驴子，并且被嘲笑一整天。

Like many places in Europe, the Christmas tree is kept secret from the children until Christmas Eve. The parents bring the tree in, decorate it with candies, tinsel, lights and toys, put presents and plates of candy treats under the tree and then ring a bell signaling that the children can enter. The children then get to eat snacks and the whole family opens presents.

跟欧洲许多地方一样，在德国，圣诞树直到平安夜才能让孩子们看到。父母们把圣诞树拉出来，装饰上蜡烛、金属亮片、彩灯和玩具，把礼物和一碟碟的糖果放在树下，然后摇一下铃，表示孩子们可以进来了。小孩子们便可以吃小吃，全家一起打开礼物。