高兴儿88
2018年考研的时间也不多了，这时候拼的是爆发力，拼的是方法和效率，每个科目复习都要集中精力做更利与提分和决定成败的部分，在阅读理解上要抓住一些常考知识点和技巧就行了。以下是我推荐英语一阅读高频考点及一些解题技巧的知识，欢迎阅读!
一、as结构
regard…as…(2011)
call…as…(2011)
use…as…(2004)
consider…as…(2004)
treat…as…(2014)
portray…as…(2012)
view…as…
see…as…
look upon…as
treat…as…
think of…as…
二、否定词
2011 Q22 细节题---猜词 unpretentious-modest
2011 Q39 细节推理题---猜词 unrealistic-misleading
2012 Q26 词义题 reneging on-dishonoring
2012 Q40 态度题 but, bad-disapproval
2013 Q23词义题 indictment-accusation
2014 Q24 细节推理 hurting, terrifying, embarrassing, hard to get-uneasy
2015 Q27 态度题 discard-disapproval
三、特殊标点
2013 Q34 细节题 冒号
2012 Q24 细节推理题 冒号
2012Q 29 细节题 冒号
2011 Q36 观点题 冒号
2007 Q31 细节题 冒号
2012 Q36 推理题 分号
2013 Q25 主旨题 分号
2014 Q38 细节题 分号
阅读解题技巧
一、细节题
【解题方法】题干+选项精确定位法
【解题步骤】
1. 找题干关键词，精确定位到文章(题干的关键词一般会定位到文章的某句或者相连的两句中)
2. 将所选答案精确定位到文章
【例题】2012年Text1
22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should _________.
[A] recruit professional advertisers
[B] learn from advertisers' experience
[C] stay away from commercial advertisers
[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements
The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
【解题步骤应用】
1 题干定位：段落的最后一句
Rosenberg--- Rosenberg
holds---argues
that---that
public-health advocates--- public-health advocates
should---ought to
因此，答案定位在take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
2 选项定位
答案[B] learn from advertisers' experience
learn from---take a page from 表"学习"。
experience---skilled 表示"有经验的，很娴熟的"。
二、推断题
【解题方法】找段落中心句
寻找段落中心句方法：
第一、逻辑上出现转承关系的句子(转折、因果、递进，即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示词的句子);
第二、有明确表示观点的路标指引词(think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…)
第三、含有情态动词的句子(should, must…)
第四、含有特殊标点的句子(冒号、破折号、引号、括号)
第五、特殊句型(疑问句、倒装句、强调句、省略句)
第六、平铺直叙段落中，注意首末句
【解题步骤】
1. 根据题干，寻找该段落中心句,
2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写
【例题】2009年Text4
37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.
[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history
[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life
[D] were obsessed with religious innovations
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.
【解题步骤应用】
1. 寻找段落中心句(转折处)
But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.
2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写
答案[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
New Englanders--- the original Puritans
brought with ---carriers
them---the original puritans
the culture---culture
old world---European
三、态度题
【解题方法】作者态度分类法
1. 在判断感情色彩时，应结合以下两点。
1)作者态度可以分为三大类：a. 正向态度：支持，乐观，赞同; b. 客观、中立、公正;c. 负向态度：反对、批评、怀疑
2)特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。不要把自己的态度纳入其中，而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。
2. 匹配选项。匹配选项时应该注意：
1)有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项)：indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)。
2)一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly;completely;entirely。
3. 态度题的新趋势：
1)现在题目的考察不仅仅局限于作者的态度，也开始考察文章中某人的观点和态度，做题时特别应该注意看清楚题目考察的是谁对谁的态度。
2)选项可能不在是态度明确的肯定或者否定的词，而是改为带有程度限制的词语，带有如下词语的选项往往是正确的：guarded慎重的，qualified有条件的，tempered缓和的，因为带有保留态度的观点比较客观，一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly completely entirely
【解题步骤】
1.判断选项ABCD的态度正负向，将四个选项进行分类(正向，负向)
2.根据关键词，回文定位判断态度。
【例题】2015年Text 2
They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.
27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of
[A] disapproval.
[B] indifference.
[C] tolerance.
[D] cautiousness.
【解题步骤应用】
1 判断选项态度的正负向
[A] disapproval反对的(负)
[B] indifference漠不关心的(中立)
[C] tolerance包容(正)
[D] cautiousness谨慎的(正)
2 回文判断态度
They should start by discarding California's lame argument
因此，根据文章的discarding，可以确定是表示负向否定态度，因此答案选A。
四、主旨题
【解题方法】1串线法 2主题词复现法 3框架法
【解题步骤】
1. 找出段落中心句或者主题词
2. 串联各段段落中心句，合并同类项，即可得出全文主旨
【例题】2008年Text 1
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?
[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes, "it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
【解题步骤应用】
1. 总结每段中心
Para1 女性比男性压力大
Para2 从生物角度而言，女性比男性压力大
Para3 现实中，女性比男性压力大
Para4 女性和男性面对的压力的不同特点
Para5 举例论证女性压力的特点
Para6 女性压力的现状及应对建议
2.合并同类项，即可得出全文主旨
Para1 women men stress
Para2 women men stress
Para3 women men stress
Para4 women men stress
Para5 women stress
Para6 women stress
Para1-Para4 women men stress(两性压力不平等)
Para5-Para6 women stress(压力下的女性)
正确答案[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
特殊标点符号
有一些特殊的标点符号也经常成为出题的对象，因此考生应该对以下标点符号的用法较为熟悉：逗号、冒号、括号、破折号、引号以及问号。
(1)逗号：两个逗号之间的内容、或者一个逗号后面的内容，通常都起到补充说明第一个逗号前面内容的作用。
【真题回放2000-Text5】
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”
69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.
[A] they think of it as immoral
[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth
[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits
[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
(2)冒号：其解释说明或者高度概括。
【真题回放2007-Text4】
① It never rains but it pours. ② Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. ③ Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.
36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce
[A] the fierce business competition.
[B] the feeble boss-board relations.
[C] the threat from news reports.
[D] the severity of data leakage.
(3)括号：其解释说明作用。
【真题回放2006-Text2】
① Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (②The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row.③ Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.)④ The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.
[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending
[B] the company is financially ill-managed
[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable
叶烨夜夜
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £ 19. 15. B. £ 9. 18. C. £ 9. 15. 答案是 C。 1.What will James do tomorrow ? A.Watch a TV program. B.Give a talk. C.Write a report. 2.What can we say about the woman? A.She's generous. B.She's curious. C.She's helpful. 3.When does the train leave? A.At 6:30. B.At 8:30. C.At 10:30. 4.How does the woman go to work? A.By car. B.On foot. C.By bike. 5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Classmates. B.Teacher and student. C.Doctor and patient. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6.What does the woman regret? A.Giving up her research. B.Dropping out of college. C.Changing her major. 7.What is the woman interested in studying now? A.Ecology. B.Education. C.Chemistry. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8.What is the man? A.A hotel manager. B.A tour guide. C.A taxi driver. 9.What is the man doing for the woman? A.Looking for some local foods. B.Showing her around the seaside. C.Offering information about a hotel. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10.Where does the conversation probably take place? A.In an office. B.At home C.At a restaurant. 11.What will the speakers do tomorrow evening? A.Go to a concert. B.Visit a friend. C.Work extra hours. 12.Who is Alice going to call? A.Mike . B.Joan. C.Catherine . 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13.Why does the woman meet the man? A.To look at an apartment. B.To deliver some furniture. C.To have a meal together. 14.What does the woman like about the carpet? A.Its color. B.Its design. C. Its quality . 15.What does the man say about the kitchen? A.It's a good size. B.It's newly painted. C. It's adequately equipped . 16.What will the woman probably do next? A.Go downtown. B.Talk with her friend. C.Make payment . 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17.Who is the speaker probably talking to? A.Movie fans. B.News reporters. C.College students . 18.When did the speaker take English classes? A.Before he left his hometown. B.After he came to America. C.When he was 15 years old. 19.How does the speaker feel about his teacher? A.He's proud. B.He's sympathetic. C.He's grateful . 20.What does the speaker mainly talk about ? A.How education shaped his life. B.How his language skills improved. C.How he managed his business well. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21.Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A.They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected. 29. Which of the following best explains"dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？ A.Complex. B. Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A.About 6,800 B.About 3,400 C.About 2,400 D.About 1,200 31. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution.32. What does the author think of new devices? A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old. C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly. 33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology. D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet. C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer. 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Color is fundamental in home design——something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable . Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 . A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for C. If you’re experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a "free"course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all ,who doesn't want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And,even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits,news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game's 46 .I could hardly wait to 47 him. Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him: he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class ,among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 ,to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 . Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he 55 me:“The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 .On every single move you have to 58 a situation ,process what your opponent(对手）is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist. 41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down 42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay 43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired 44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor 45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant 46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest 47.A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat 48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job 49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible 50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe 51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare 52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally 53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment 54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation 55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised 56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill 57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments 58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control 59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate 60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69 (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第l1处起）不计分。 During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed. 第二节 书面表达(满分25分) 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件。内容包括： 1. 到达时间； 2.合适的礼物； 3. 餐桌礼仪。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英 语 1-5 BCCBA 6-10BABCC 11-15ABAAC 16-20BCBCA 21-25ADDBC 26-30CDBCB 31-35CADBA 36-40BADGF 41-45BCADD 46-50CBDCB 51-55CACBA 56-60DBADA 61.longer 62.to see 63.dying 64.is 65.than 66.that \which 67.causes 68.strengthen 69.energetic 70.it \running During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and animals. Last winter when I went again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, he agreed. 书面表达（略
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