陶瓷生产工艺英文

可型成形注浆成形 －－－→坯料－－－－－－－－－－→ 精制 ｜ 坯 装陶瓷原料|—－－→ －－→ ｜ 内．外施釉 体 坯 －－－→釉料－－－－－－－－－-→ 烧 自 选 釉 烤 彩 包 入 －→ －→ 胎 －→ －→ －→ －→ －→ －→ 成 瓷 瓷 绘 花 选 装 库 1 坯料制配工艺 A、搅拌工艺： 单一陶瓷原料按配方过磅投放——搅拌池搅拌均匀——抽浆高位池——过筛（2次）——除铁（2次）——沉浆池——抽浆榨泥——粗练——陈腐（15天）——精练（2次）——送成形配用。 B、球磨工艺： 单一陶瓷原料按配方过磅投放——球磨机中——按比例加水——球麻定时抽浆检测细度——放浆沉浆池——过筛（2次）——除铁（2次）——沉浆池——抽浆榨泥——粗练（2次）——陈腐（15天）——精练（2次）——送成形配用。 2 釉料制配工艺 A、釉用单一原料按配方过磅投放——球磨机中——按比例加水——球磨定时抽浆检测细度——放浆——过筛（2次）——除铁（3次）——存浆池陈腐备用。 3 日用陶瓷成形工艺流程 A、机压成形工艺流程 泥料——切泥片——压坯——带模干燥——脱模——坯体干燥——磨坯——捺水施内釉——捺外水沾外釉——取釉——扫灰检验——装匣——烧成。 B、注浆成开工艺流程 泥料化浆——高位浆桶——注浆——添浆——倒出余浆——带模干燥——起坯——利假口——坯体干燥——汤釉——接把嘴——补外水——沾釉——扫灰检验——装匣——烧成。

瓷砖生产主要工艺：

1、原料球磨制浆：

球磨是将各种原料按照一定配比，通过研磨把不同粒状的原料变成泥浆的过程。它要求球磨加工好的泥浆达到规定的细度、水分和流动性等工艺参数；主要设备为各种吨位的球磨机、浆池等。

2、喷雾塔制粉：

制粉是把高压雾化的泥浆通过热风炉提供的热风在喷雾塔内进行热交换，使泥浆变成粉料的过程。主要控制工艺参数是粉料水分、颗粒级配、容重等。主要设备是喷雾塔。制粉工艺非常重要，通常以“目”的大小来区分粉料质量高低。

3、料仓陈腐与储料：

将备制好的粉料存入料仓中，内部一些有机物腐蚀使其具有一定粘性、水分均匀等，最终使该批粉料各项物理性能基本一致以满足成型、干燥与烧成的要求。主要设备为若干料仓。其中以福建产区生产外墙砖厂家储料罐为最多，有的达几十个。

4、压制成型：

成型主要是把粉料通过大吨位压机压制成一定规格的坯体。它决定产品的规格、厚度等，控制要点是成型压力、厚度及厚度差异，要预防分层、角裂、大小头、大小腰以及裂砖缺陷出现；主要设备为压机，各种型号布料设备等。

目前压制成型不仅仅专指加压成型作用，而且具有产品表面装饰（目前不涉及仿古砖）等重要功能。目前陶瓷大板生产最大国产压机吨位已达16800吨

5、干燥：

成型后的坯体进入干燥窑后将粉料带来的多余水分蒸发到规定的范围的过程叫做干燥，其作用是提高半成品强度，达到釉线运行和印花工序的强度要求。由于水分蒸发时易出现开裂，所以控制水分蒸发速度和运行速度是相当关键的。主要设备为干燥窑。

6、印花工艺（抛光砖采用布料工艺）：

无机色料经工艺处理（按配方调配溶解）后通过花网印在干燥后的砖坯表面，达到表面装饰效果的过程叫印花。该环节重点控制印花前坯体温度和印花后的喷水量，否则极易出现阴阳色、蒙花、缺花、色差等缺陷；主要设备有花机、釉柜及其辅助装置等，有些仿古砖还会用到辊筒印花。

7、烧成：

经过表面初步装饰完毕的砖坯不具备使用性能，需要进一步提高强度等物理指标，它通过窑炉高温（1200℃左右）煅烧完成，抛光砖生产常用辊道窑，以发生炉煤气、重油或柴油为燃料，它是产品定性过程。生产过程中易出现变形、过烧溶洞、色差、落脏、二次变形等缺陷。主要设备为烧成窑。

8、抛光：

抛光，顾名思义就是把窑炉煅烧出来的半成品表面进行打磨处理，使其表面具备一定的光泽度的过程，产品在该工序中定型。它需要控制切削量，切削量的多少要根据产品而定，渗花砖通常在0.6毫米左右，抛光后产品的光泽度要求在95度以上。

生产中的缺陷以对角线、弯边、光泽不均或不起光、崩角、崩边为主。常规抛光外，近年出现了柔抛工艺。

扩展资料

作为社会化大生产的陶瓷生产过程，和其他一些行业的生产过程相比较，具有以下几个特点：

1、陶瓷生产过程是一种流程式的生产过程，连续性较低。陶瓷原料由工厂的一端投入生产，顺序经过连续加工，最后成为成品，整个工艺过程较复杂，工序之间连续化程度较低。

2、陶瓷生产过程的机械化、自动化程度较低。

3、陶瓷生产周期较长。陶瓷产品的生产周期，是指从原材料投入生产开始，经过各道工序加工直到成品出产为止，所经过的全部日历时间。

4、陶瓷生产过程中辅助材料如石膏模型、匣钵、硼板等消耗量大。

5、陶瓷生产需要消耗大量的能源，如 煤炭、天然气、电能。

6、运输是陶瓷企业生产过程的重要环节。陶瓷生产过程使用的原料品种繁多，生产出的半成品、成品及产生的余料、废料等，具有数量多运输量大的特点。

7、陶瓷生产过程中产生的烟气、粉尘、固体废料和工业废水污染环境较严重。目前我国陶瓷工业所使用的窑炉多以煤和重油作为能源，会排出不少的烟气，企业对此要严格控制烟尘浓度和二氧化硫浓度，使之符合国家允许的排放标准。力争采用电阻式隧道窑炉或煤气烧窑，减少对大气的污染。

8、陶瓷生产过程的专业化和协作水平较低。长期以来，陶瓷工业企业问的相互协作配合水平不高，大而全、小而全的“全能”工厂比重大，辅助性服务方面的专业化、社会化程度低。

参考资料来源：

百度百科-陶瓷

"陶瓷"是一种通称,"陶"和"瓷"在质地上、物理性能上有很大区别。中国是最早制造陶器的国家之一,是最早发明瓷器的国家。 陶器的出现大约在距今1万年左右,中国进入新石器时代,开始了定居生活,盛水、蓄物等日常生活的需要,促使了陶器的发明。中国陶器的分布比较广泛,主要集中的在黄河流域和长江流域。其中仰韶文化是新石器时期比较有代表性的文化类型,以彩陶为特点,也称"彩陶文化",它派生出半坡和庙底沟两个类型,装饰图案有很高的艺术价值。马家窑文化是新石器晚期的文化类型,比仰韶文化略晚,距今约5000年。黑陶是继彩陶之后的又一伟大创造发明,距今约4000年的龙山文化时期,出现了工艺独特的蛋壳陶。近些年来,山东、河北一带多有仿制,有较高的收藏价值。秦汉时期的陶俑,是我国古代人物雕塑的高峰,使制陶技术和艺术达到了很高的境地。此外,唐代的三彩器、明清两代的紫砂器等,都是中国陶器文物的重要内容,很值得深入收藏和研究。 陶瓷(Ceramics),陶器和瓷器的总称。陶瓷的传统概念是指所有以粘土等无机非金属矿物为原料的人工工业产品。它包括由粘土或含有粘土的混合物经混炼,成形,煅烧而制成的各种制品。由最粗糙的土器到最精细的精陶和瓷器都属于它的范围。对于它的主要原料是取之于自然界的硅酸盐矿物(如粘土、长石、石英等),因此与玻璃、水泥、搪瓷、耐火材料等工业,同属于"硅酸盐工业"(Silicate Industry)的范畴。 陶瓷的发展史是中华文明史的一个重要的组成部分,中国作为四大文明古国之一,为人类社会的进步和发展做出了卓越的贡献,其中陶瓷的发明和发展更具有独特的意义,中国历史上各朝各代不同艺术风格和不同技术特点。英文中的"china"既有中国的意思,又有陶瓷的意思,清楚地表明了中国就是"陶瓷的故乡"。changaiyin 早在欧洲人掌握瓷器制造技术一千多年前,中国人就已经制造出很精美的陶瓷器。中国是世界上最早应用陶器的国家之一,而中国瓷器因其极高的实用性和艺术性而备受世人的推崇。 所谓陶器和瓷器是指用可塑性制瓷粘土和瓷石矿做胎体,用长石和石英等原料制釉,并且通过成型、干燥、烧制而成的制品,主要有日用、艺术、和建筑陶器等三种。考古发现已经证明中国人早在新石器时代(约公元前8000)就发明了陶器。原始社会晚期出现的农业生产使中国人的祖先过上了比较固定的生活,客观上对陶器有了需求。人们为了提高生活的方便,提高生活质量,逐渐通过烧制粘土烧制出了陶器。 随着近代科学技术的发展,近百年来又出现了许多新的陶瓷品种。它们不再使用或很少使用粘土、长石、石英等传统陶瓷原料,而是使用其他特殊原料,甚至扩大到非硅酸盐,非氧化物的范围,并且出现了许多新的工艺。美国和欧洲一些国家的文献已将"Ceramic"一词理解为各种无机非金属固体材料的通称。因此陶瓷的含义实际上已远远超越过去狭窄的传统观念了。 迄今为止,陶瓷器的界说似可概括地作如下描述:陶瓷是用铝硅酸盐矿物或某些氧化物等为主要原料,依照人的意图通过特定的物理化学工艺在高温下以一定的温度和气氛制成的具有一定型式的工艺岩石。表面可施釉或不施釉,若干瓷质还具有不同程度的半透明度,通体是由一种或多种晶体或与无定形胶结物及气孔或与熟料包裹体等微观结构组成。 陶瓷工业是硅酸盐工业的主要分支之一,属于无机化学工业范围.但现代科学高度综合,互相渗透,从整个陶瓷工业制造工艺的内容来分析,它的错综复杂与牵涉之广,显然不是仅用无机化学的理论所能概括的。 陶瓷制品的品种繁多,它们之间的化学成分.矿物组成,物理性质,以及制造方法,常常互相接近交错,无明显的界限,而在应用上却有很大的区别。因此很难硬性地归纳为几个系统,详细的分类法各家说法不一,到现在国际上还没有一个统一的分类方法。"Ceramic" is a generic term, "Tao" and "Porcelain" in texture, the physical properties there are very different. China was among the first to create one of the countries of pottery, porcelain was one of the first invention. The emergence of pottery dating back about 1 million years or so, China has entered the New Stone Age, began to settle in life, water, with objects of daily life, such as the need to promote the invention of pottery. Chinese pottery wider distribution, mainly in the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin. Yangshao culture which is the New Stone Age culture more representative of the type, characterized by painted pottery, also known as the "painted pottery culture", which derived Banpo and Miao Digou two types of decorative patterns, has high artistic value. Majiayao culture is the culture of the late New Stone Age type than a little late Yangshao culture, since about 5000. Black painted pottery is the second after another great invention, since about 4000 the Longshan Culture period, there has been a unique process of eggshell pottery. In recent years, Shandong, Hebei and more in the vicinity of imitation, there is a high value for collection. Qin and Han Dynasty pottery figurine of China's ancient sculpture of the peak figure, so that the ceramic technology and the arts reached a high position. In addition, three of the color of the Tang Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties such as Yixing, China is an important aspect of pottery relics, it is worthy of collection and research. Ceramics (Ceramics), the general term for pottery and porcelain. Ceramic refers to the traditional concept of all inorganic non-metallic minerals such as clay as raw material of artificial industrial products. It consists of clay from or containing a mixture of clay by kneading, molding, and calcined made of a variety of products. By the most rough-earth to the most refined of the fine pottery and porcelain are it. For its main raw materials are derived from natural silicate minerals (such as clay, feldspar, quartz, etc.), and glass, cement, ceramic, refractory material, such as industry, with an "industrial silicate" (Silicate Industry ) Area. The history of ceramics is the history of Chinese civilization is an important part of China, as one of the four ancient civilizations, human development and social progress made outstanding contributions, including the invention of ceramics and the development of a more unique significance , The history of China-North Korea on behalf of all the different artistic styles and different technical characteristics. English of "china" China not only mean, ceramics and mean, clearly demonstrates China is the "hometown of pottery." changaiyin As early as the Europeans have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1000 years ago, Chinese people have created a very fine ceramics. China is the world's first application of one of the countries pottery, and porcelain from China for its high artistic quality and relevance of the world have attracted much praise. The so-called pottery and porcelain refers to the use of plastic ware and porcelain clay quarry to do matrix, quartz and feldspar, and other raw materials-glaze, and through the forming, drying, firing from the products, mainly for daily use, art, and architecture Three pottery. Archaeological discoveries have proved that the Chinese people as early as the Neolithic Age (about 8000 BC) invented pottery. The emergence of primitive society with advanced agricultural production so that the ancestors of the Chinese people lead a life of a relatively fixed, the objective of pottery with the demand. In order to improve people's lives easier, improve the quality of life, gradually burn through the burning out of the clay pottery. With the development of modern science and technology, and the past 100 years there have been many new varieties of ceramics. They no longer use or the use of small clay, feldspar, quartz and other traditional ceramic materials, but the use of other special materials, and even extended to non-silicate, non-oxide scope, and there have been a lot of new technology. The United States and some European countries have literature "Ceramic" understanding of the term for a variety of solid inorganic non-metallic materials known. Therefore, the meaning of ceramics in fact go far beyond the traditional concept in the past the narrow. To date, the Definition of ceramics may be generally described as follows: The ceramic is aluminum silicate minerals such as oxides or as the main raw material, in accordance with the intention of people through specific physical and chemical processes at a high temperature to a certain degree of Temperature and atmosphere made of a certain type of rock technology. Glazing may be on the surface or glazing, porcelain has a number of different levels of transparency and a half, the species by one or more of the crystal and amorphous or cement and clinker with pores or inclusions, such as micro-structure. Portland ceramic industry is one of the main branches of industry, belong to the scope of inorganic chemical industry. However, modern science and highly integrated with each other to infiltrate from the ceramic industry as a whole manufacturing process to analyze the contents of its complex and involve wide, is not only Using the theory of inorganic chemistry can be summarized. A wide variety of ceramic products, their chemical composition. Mineral composition, physical properties, as well as manufacturing methods, often close to each other staggered, no boundaries, and in the application there is a huge difference. Therefore, it is difficult to be summed up in a few hard and fast system, a detailed classification of the various different view, the international community to now there is no uniform classification.