azimuthal英文

The principal quantum number（主量子数）The azimuthal quantum number（角量子数）The magnetic quantum number（磁量子数） The spin projection quantum number（自旋量子数） the electron shell, or energy level. The value of ranges from 1 to "n", where "n" is the shell containing the outermost electron of that atom. For example, in cesium (Cs), the outermost valence electron is in the shell with energy level 6, so an electron in cesium can have an value from 1 to 6. the subshell (0 = s orbital, 1 = p orbital, 2 = d orbital, 3 = f orbital, etc.). The value of ranges from 0 to . This is because the first p orbital (l=1) appears in the second electron shell (n=2), the first d orbital (l=2) appears in the third shell (n=3), and so on. A quantum number beginning in 3,0,... describes an electron in the s orbital of the third electron shell of an atom. the specific orbital (or "cloud") within that subshell.* The values of range from to . The s subshell (l=0) contains only one orbital, and therefore the ml of an electron in an s subshell will always be 0. The p subshell (l=1) contains three orbitals (in some systems, depicted as three "dumbbell-shaped" clouds), so the ml of an electron in a p subshell will be -1, 0, or 1. The d subshell (l=2) contains five orbitals, with ml values of -2,-1,0,1, and 2. the spin of the electron within that orbital. since atoms and electrons are in a state of constant motion, there is no universal fixed value for ml and ms values. Therefore, the ml and ms values are defined somewhat arbitrarily. The only requirement is that the naming schematic used within a particular set of calculations or descriptions must be consistent (e.g. the orbital occupied by the first electron in a p subshell could be described as ml=-1 or ml=0, or ml=1, but the ml value of the other electron in that orbital must be the same, and the ml assigned to electrons in other orbitals must be different). The principal quantum number（主量子数） (n = 1, 2, 3, 4 ...) denotes the eigenvalue of H with the J2 part removed. This number therefore has a dependence only on the distance between the electron and the nucleus (i.e., the radial coordinate, r). The average distance increases with n, and hence quantum states with different principal quantum numbers are said to belong to different shells. The azimuthal quantum number（角量子数） (l = 0, 1 ... n�6�11) (also known as the angular quantum number or orbital quantum number) gives the orbital angular momentum through the relation . In chemistry, this quantum number is very important, since it specifies the shape of an atomic orbital and strongly influences chemical bonds and bond angles. In some contexts, l=0 is called an s orbital, l=1 a p orbital, l=2 a d orbital, and l=3 an f orbital. The magnetic quantum number（磁量子数） (ml = �6�1l, �6�1l+1 ... 0 ... l�6�11, l) yields the projection of the orbital angular momentum along a specified axis. . The spin projection quantum number（自旋量子数） (ms = �6�11/2 or +1/2), is the intrinsic angular momentum of the electron or nucleon. This is the projection of the spin s=1/2 along the specified axis. When one takes the spin-orbit interaction into consideration, the l-, m- and s-operators no longer commute with the Hamiltonian, and their eigenvalues therefore change over time. Thus another set of quantum numbers should be used. This set includesThe total angular momentum quantum number (j = 1/2,3/2 ... n�6�11/2) gives the total angular momentum through the relation .The projection of the total angular momentum along a specified axis (mj = -j,-j+1... j), which is analogous to m, and satisfies mj = ml + ms.Parity. This is the eigenvalue under reflection, and is positive (i.e. +1) for states which came from even l and negative (i.e. -1) for states which came from odd l. The former is also known as even parity and the latter as odd parityFor example, consider the following eight states, defined by their quantum numbers:n = 2, l = 1, ml = 1, ms = +1/2n = 2, l = 1, ml = 1, ms = -1/2n = 2, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = +1/2n = 2, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = -1/2n = 2, l = 1, ml = -1, ms = +1/2n = 2, l = 1, ml = -1, ms = -1/2n = 2, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = +1/2n = 2, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = -1/2The quantum states in the system can be described as linear combination of these eight states. However, in the presence of spin-orbit interaction, if one wants to describe the same system by eight states which are eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian (i.e. each represents a state which does not mix with others over time), we should consider the following eight states:j = 3/2, mj = 3/2, odd parity (coming from state (1) above)j = 3/2, mj = 1/2, odd parity (coming from states (2) and (3) above)j = 3/2, mj = -1/2, odd parity (coming from states (4) and (5) above)j = 3/2, mj = -3/2, odd parity (coming from state (6))j = 1/2, mj = 1/2, odd parity (coming from states (2) and (3) above)j = 1/2, mj = -1/2, odd parity (coming from states (4) and (5) above)j = 1/2, mj = 1/2, even parity (coming from state (7) above)j = 1/2, mj = -1/2, even parity (coming from state (8) above)

没上下文 老这样 猜到的是牛头马面azimuthal orthomorphic projection 球面投影怎么像盾构机？轴速方位组件

当巩固133/8-in 。套管顶端雨刮器插件没有凸点，因为一个失败的钻柱清洗擦拭dart.A运行情况，并133/8-in 。套管压力测试，以345杆打击了深刻的集机械插件。后133/8-in 。套管是巩固到位， 133 / 8 × 20中。环断裂为今后的剪报注射。四分之一百二十一× 131/2-in 。孔科： 2820年至7415米钻井钻具组合是一个121/4-in 。 PDC钻头， 9中。与倾角的RSS持有功能， 8中。双电阻补偿与伽玛射线测量工具，工具，并4分之121 × 131/2-in.underreamer 。这种钻具组合钻4595米在一分。这个洞是开放2分之131若要增加利润的长期运行103/4-in 。班轮运输。良好的业绩获得的RSS方面倾斜举行的设定。命令的推动是非常准确的。在一节总深度（运输署） ，以及只有4.5米以外的计划轨迹。没有记录冲击钻，并坚持/单也保持在最低限度。模拟与风险评估得出结论认为，班轮浮选没有必要。详细的摩擦进行了分析，与内部和外部资源，以证明该班轮可常规运行。为了验证模拟的拖累，其他三个Visund水井上面七〇 〇 〇米博士进行了分析和校准的摩擦因素。通过使用这些摩擦因素，班轮运行字符串的目的是要经受螺旋屈曲。运行字符串包括300米8的。演习衣领衣架以上2400米的65/8-in 。重量级钻柱（ HWDP ）的表面。二分之八十一× 97/8-in 。孔科： 7265至9082米洞的试点，计划通过油/水接触（ OWC的） ，因为高TVD格式不确定性.A pumpdown陀螺运行57/8-in内。在钻柱六五○○米核实随钻前调查的103/4-in 。班轮运输。的分布调查被用来作为最终的调查，因为它被视为更好的TVD格式测量，证明后，当钻井通过OWC的。然而，陀螺方位角测量被看作是更好的，这个信息被用于优化水库以及安置。计划以及道路其次准确，最大波3.8 ° / 30米和所要求的77 °倾角通过Draupne形成。运输署的部分是当OWC的检测沙形成.何时运行与水泥毒刺插入回来试点洞，形成了Draupne发现有倒塌。该Draupne形成一个不稳定的页岩的形成。图。 3显示一个实验室测试样品的核心从Draupne的形成是通过钻在一个90 °角。水泥插件然后是按计划使用的泵和拉法从上方的Draupne形成七千八百零一米到103/4-in 。班轮运输。