英语a级语法结构表

词汇表网上没有，必须买这本书语法表如下：附表三语法结构表一、本表列出了英语课程教学中学生需掌握的语法知识。二、本表所规定的是学生应该掌握的语法知识和技能范围，并不要求在教学中对所列全部项目进行专题讲授。语法教学的重点是培养学生实际使用语法的能力。 Symbols ＆ Abbreviations NomenclatureN NounPron PronounNum NumeralArt ArticlePrep PrepositionAdj AdjectiveAd AdverbDet DeterminerV VerbV-ing1 GerundV-lng2 Present participleV-ed1 Past form of verbV-ed2 Past ParticipleTo V InfinitiveS SubjectO ObjectOi Indirect objectOd Direct objectCs Subject complementCo Object complementWh-words who，when，where，how，why，which，whetherConj ConjunctionExc Exclamation1.Noun（名词）：l.1 Classes of N：countable vs．uncountable（名词的种类：可数名词与不可数名词）l.2 Number of N（名词的数）1.3 Irregular plurals（不规则复数）1.4 Genitive case of N（名词的所有格）l.5 Double genitive（双重所有格）e.g. a portrait of Mr.Brown's(cf. a portrait of Mr.Brown)2.Pronoun（代词）2.1 Personal pronoun（人称代词）2.2 Demonstrative pronoun（指示代词）2.3 Possessive pronoun（物主代词）2.4 Reflexive pronoun（反身代词）2.5 Interrogative pronoun（疑问代词）2.6 Indefinite pronoun（不定代词）2.7 Reciprocal pronoun（相互代词）2.8 Relative pronoun（关系代词）3.Numeral（数词）3.1 Cardinal and ordinal numbers（基数词和序数词）3.2 Percentage（百分数）3.3 Fraction（分数）3.4 Decimal（小数）3.5 Multiple（倍数）3.6 Year，Month，Date ,Time（年份、月份、日期、时刻）4.Determiner（限定词）4.1 Definite and indefinite articles（定冠词和不定冠词）4.2 any，all，both，each，every，either，neither，no，this，etc．4.3 Quantifiers（数量词）e.g. many，a piece of，etc．5.Preposition（介词）5.1 Simple Preposition（简单介词）5.2 Compound Preposition（复合介词）6.Adjective（形容词）6.1 Syntactic function of Adj（形容词的句法功能）6.2 Adj＋Prep6.3 Adj＋to V6.4 Adj十that-clause6.5 Too＋Adj十to V6.6 Adj＋enough＋to V6.7 so＋Adj十as＋to V7.Adverb（副词）7.1 Syntactic function of Adv（副词的句法功能）7.2 Adverbs with or without-ly（带-ly和不带-ly的副词）e.g. high，highly；most，mostly，etc．7.3 Position of adverbs（副词的位置）8.The comparative and superlative degrees of Adj/Adv（形容词和副词的比较级和最高级）9.Verb classes（动词）9.1 Transitive and intransitive verbs（及物动词和不及物动词）9.2 Auxiliaries and modal auxiliaries（助动词和情态动词）9.3 Phrasal Verbs（短语动词）e.g. depend on ,turn out ,catch up with, etc.10.Tense（时态）10.1 Simple present，past，future（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时）10.2 present and past progressive（现在进行时和过去进行时）10.3 Future Progressive（将来进行时）10.4 Present and past perfect（现在完成时和过去完成时）10.5 Future perfect（将来完成时）10.6 Present perfect progressive（现在完成进行时）10.7 Past perfect progressive（过去完成进行时）11.Passive voice（被动语态）11.1 Passive voice in simple tenses（被动语态的一般式）11.2 Passive voice in perfect and progressive tenses（被动语态的完成式和进行式）11.3 Passive voice of phrasal verbs（短语动词的被动语态）11.4 Passive voice of modal verbs（含情态动词的被动语态）12.Subjunctive mood（虚拟语气）12.1 in conditional sentences（用于条件句中）12.1.l if＋V-ed1……would＋V12.1.2 if ＋had＋V-ed2……would＋have＋V-ed212.l.3 if＋should/were to＋V，…would＋V12.l.4 omission of if（if的省略）12.2 in the following that-clause after（用于下列动词的that宾语从句中）：wish，demand，suggest，etc．It＋be＋suggested /desirable．etc．suggestion，recommendation，etc．12.3 In the following clauses and construction（用于下列从句和结构中）as if＋clause，as though＋ clauseIt is time thatwould rather13.To V（Infinitive动词不定式）13.1 as subject，object，attribute and complement（用作主语、宾语、定语和补足语）13.2 Indicating purpose/result（表示目的／结果）13.3 It＋（be）＋Adj（＋for＋sb.）＋to V13.4 wh-words＋to V(phrase)（疑问词加不定式［短语］）13.5 to be＋V-ed2，to have＋V-ed2, to be＋V-ing2（不定式的被动式、完成式和进行式）14.V-ing1（Gerund动名词）14.1 as object，subject and predicative（用作宾语、主语和表语）14.2 Prep＋V-ing114.3 It＋be＋…＋V-ing114.4 N/Pron or their Possessive＋V-ing1 as subject and object（名词／代词或其所有格加动名词作主语和宾语）14.5 Prep＋N/Pron or their possessive＋V-ing1；（介词加名词／代词或其所有格加动名词）14.6 Being＋V-ed2，having＋V－ed2（动名词的被动式和完成式）15.V-ing2 and V-ed2(present and past participle现在分词和过去分词)15.1 as premodifier and postmodifier in a noun Phrase（作名词的前位和后位修饰语）15.2 as complement（作补足语）15.3 as an adverb clause equivalent（作状语）15.4 when／While，etc.＋V-ing2／V－ed2（when／while等十现在分词或过去分词）15.5（with）N＋V-ing2/V-ed2([with]十名词十现在分词或过去分词)15.6 being＋V-ed2,having＋V-ed2,having been＋V－ed2 as an adverb or adjective clause equivalent（现在分词的被动式、完成式和完成被动式作状语或定语从句）16.Basic sentence Patterns and sentence elements（基本句型和句子成分）Pattern l：S＋VPattern 2：S ＋ V＋Cspattern 3：S＋V十0Pattern 4：S＋V＋Oi＋OdPattern 5：S十V＋Od＋Co17.Transformation of basic sentence patterns(基本句型转换)17.l Interrogative form（疑问形式）17.2 Negative form（否定形式）17.3 Imperative form（命令形式）17.4 Passive form（被动形式）18.There be（There be结构）18.1 There＋（be）＋N＋Adv18.2 There will-/modal V 十be/exist(s)/seem（s）to be appear（s）to be十N＋Adv18.3 There（be）＋N＋Adj／V-ing2/V-ed2/to V／relative clause19.Agreement（一致关系）19.1 Between subject and predicate V（主语和谓语动词的一致关系）19.2 Between pronoun and its antecedent（代词与其先行词的一致关系）20.Noun clause（名词从句）20.1 that and omission of that(that和that的省略)20.2 whether，if20.3 which（ever），who（ever），whom，whose20.4 when，where，why，how，how much/many/long/often20.5 what，whatever21.Attributive clause（定语从句）21.1 Restrictive and non-restrictive（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）21.2 that，which，who，whom，when，where，why21.3 Whose21.4 Omission of that/which（that/Which的省略）21.5（N ＋ Pron ＋）Prep十which/whom/whose21.6 the same/such…as21.7 which／as（with sentential antecedent）（which／as指代句子）22.Apposition（同位关系）22.1 Noun in apposition（名词作同位语）22.2 Appositive clause（同位语从句）22.3 Noun phrase as appositive to clause（名词短语作句子的同位语）e.g. that is（to say），for example，etc．23.Clauses of time and space（时间从句和地点从句）23.l when（ever），while，as，after，before，since23.2 where（ever）23.3 until，till23.4 once, the moment, as soon as，each time，immediately（that），no sooner… than24.Clauses of condition, concession and contrast(条件从句、让步从句和对比从句) 24.1 if, unless24.2 provided/providing（that），as/so long as，In case，on condition that，supposing24.3 though，although，whether，even though，even If24.4 no matter＋wh-words24.5 wh-words＋-ever24.6 whereas，while24.7 Adj／Adv＋as／though25.Clauses of cause，result and purpose（原因从句、结果从句和目的从句）25.1 because，as，for，for，for this reason，etc．25.2 hence，therefore，then，as a result of, etc．25.3 for, for this purpose, with this in mind, lest, in order than, etc. 26.Clauses of manner and comparison(方式从句和比较从句)26.1 as, as……as, not so(as),more than, less than, no/not more than26.2 as, just as26.3 as if, as though27.clause of proportion and other types(表示比较关系的从句和其它从句)27.1 the…the…27.2 as…So…27.3 except that 28.Coordination（并列） Coordinators：and，both…and，not only…but（also），as well as，either…or，neither…nor，whether…or，not…but，for，etc．29.Clauses with introductory it（用引导词it的从句）29.1 Anticipatory it as subject or object29.2 it in emphatic sentencee.g. It is/was…that/who30.Pro-form（替代形式）30.1 Pro-forms for noun phrases（名词短语的替代形式）30.1.1 3rd person pronouns，and plurals of the 1st and 2nd person Pronouns（第三人称代词、第一和第二人称代词的复数）30.l.2 indefinite pronouns（不定代词）（＋of＋N／Pron）30.1.3 one，ones，that，those30.l.4 The same，the former，the latter30.2 Pro-forms for adverbials（状语的替代形式）here，then，thus30.3 Pro-forms for Predicate（谓语的替代形式）30.3.1 do，do so30.3.2 so do，so will30.4 Sentence/Clause reference（句子或从句的替代形式）30.4.1 this，the following30.4.2 so，note.g. A：Do you think he will come？B：Yes，I think so．（or）No，I think not．31.Discontinuous modification（割裂）31.1 Separation of relative clause from its antecedent（定语从句与所修饰的名词割裂）31.2 Separation of V－ing2/V-ed2/Prep-phrase from its head noun（现在分词／过去分词／介词短语与所修饰的名词割裂）31.3 Separation of appositive（clause）from its antecedent（同位语[从句]与所同位的词的割裂）31.4 Separation of Prep-phrase from adjective(介词短语与形容词割裂) e.g. different techniques from neither, nor, so, etc. 32.Subject－verb inversion（主语与谓语倒装）32.1 Sentences beginning with neither，nor，so，etc．32.2 Sentences beginning with negative adverb expressionse.g. hardly，never，rarely，etc．32.3 Sentences beginning with adverbs of position and directione.g. here，there，down，away，etc．32.4 Sentences beginning with a fronted predicativee.g. More important is the principle of．．．32.5 Sentences beginning with only ＋ Adv，not only…（but）also…33.Parenthesis（插入语）e.g. actually，generally speaking，to be exact，as a result，as you see，etc.34.Omission（省略）34.1 Omission through coordination（并列结构中的省略）e.g. It’s cold in December in England，but（It’s cold）in July in New Zealand．34.2 Omission in the following clauses（下列从句中的省略）Whether…or not；whatever；as；than；the… the…35.Negation（否定）35.1 Total negation（全部否定）35.2 Partial negation（部份否定）35.3 Double negation（双重否定）36.Emphasis（强调）36.1 By single words or Phrases（用单个词或词组）e.g. only，even，Just，ever，alone，must，still，too，very，a good (great)deal，（by）far，a lot，etc．36.2 By reflexive pronouns，auxiliary verb do or emphatic it（用反身代词、助动词do或强调结构中的it）36.3 By inversion or repetition（用倒装或重复）e.g. Hardly did互 think it possible．37.Word formation（构词法）37.1 Affixation（词缀法）37.2 Conversion（K化法）37.3 Compounding（合同法）38.The use of it（it的用法）39.Abbreviation（缩约法） e.g. TV，ad，smog，etc．4O.Punctuation（标点）

《高职高专英语》 account n.帐目,报告,估计v. 叙述,解释actually ad. 实际上additional a. 附加的,另外的advance n.v. 前进airline n. 航线；航空公司alternative n.选择之物a.二者选其一annual a 每年的；n年刊anxious a焦虑的；急切的apartment n公寓appeal to v呼吁,恳请,吸引,上诉application n申请（表）；应用appreciate v重视，欣赏；领会；为……表示感谢arise v出现；起源于aside a在旁边，到一边aspect n方面assistant n助手a副的;助理的atmosphere n 大气；气氛attach v贴；使附属；使依恋attend v出席；照料；专心于authority n[pl.]官方，当局；当权者；权力，权威auto n汽车automatic a自动的available a可利用的,可得到的；可取得联系的awake a醒着的 v唤醒ball n舞会bare a赤裸的，不戴帽的；光秃秃的；勉强的 v露出，暴露bargain v讨价还价n交易；特价商品bear v忍受；负担；结，生behavior n(机器)运转；举止beneath prep在...下面ad在下面bind v捆绑（扎）board n板；董事会，委员会；伙食v上（车）bold a勇敢的；冒失的；粗体的candidate n候选人；报考者；申请求职者ceremony n典礼；礼节certificate n证（明）书；执照 charge v索价；控告；充电n收费；控告；充电，电荷check v检查；制止n检查；支票claim v宣称；提出要求n宣称；索赔classical a古典的，经典的clause n条款coach v指导n长途汽车；铁路旅客车厢comment n/v 注解；评论commerce n商业；贸易companion n同伴，伴侣compose v构成；创作，谱曲comprehension n理解（力）concentrate v集中；集合；浓缩concern n关心;关联v关心;涉及concerning prep关于conduct n行为v处理；传conductor n导体;指挥;列车员confuse v使混乱；混淆consequence n 结果，后果consequently ad因此considerable a相当大;值得考虑considerate a 体谅；考虑周到consist v组成；在于consult v.商讨,向...请教,查阅content n[pl]内容,目录;含量a满意的continual a连续的continuous a连续不断的contract n合同;v订合同;使收缩contrary a相反的;n相反(事物)convince v使确信(信服)cooperate v合作;配合correspond v与…一致;相当(类似)costly a昂贵;代价高的counter n柜台;记数器;v反对crisis n危机;决定性时刻critical a批评的;关键性的current n流;电流;a当前的;流行的database 数据库deadline 截止时间；界限decrease 减少(小)defend 保卫;为…辩护definite 明确的;肯定的delicate 纤细的;清秀的;鲜美的;优美的;易碎的;纤弱的;微妙的;棘手的;灵敏的;精密的delight 使高兴//快乐;令人高兴的东西或人deny 拒绝给予(要求);否认 department 部门;系科departure 出发;离开despite 不管,尽管detect 察觉;侦察determine 决心;查明;决定device 装置;设备;器具devote 将…奉献;把…专用于differ 不同;与…意见不同dine 就餐direct 笔直的;率直的;直接(地)//针对;指示;指导,管理direction 方向(位);用法说明director 指导者,主管;董事;导演 //训导;惩罚dismiss 免职,开除;解散disorder 杂乱;骚乱;失调divide 分;分配;隔开;除drift (使)漂流//漂流ease 容易;安逸,舒适//缓和;减轻economic 经济(学)的economical 节约的effective 有效的efficient 效率高的;有能力的elderly 年长的electric 电(动)的electricity 电element 基本组成部分;要素;元素emotion 情感(绪)emphasize(-se) 强调;着重enclose 围住;封入;附上engineering 工程(学)ensure 保证,担保enterprise 企业entertain 使欢乐;招待;考虑entry 进入;入口;人(物),条目envelope 信封error 误差essential 必不可少的;本质的//本质,要点estimate v/n估计;评价eventually 终于,最后evidence 根据,证据exact 确切的,精确的examine 检查,调查;考察exchange v/n交换,调度;交谈exhibit 展出//展品existence 存在;生存expert 专家//内行的export 出口,输出//出口(物)explanation 解释,说明explode (使)爆炸(发)expose (使)暴露于express 陈述;体现//快车extend 延长;扩大;给予extent 程度;范围external 外部的extra额外的事物;另外的收费 //额外的;特别的extreme 极度的;尽头的//极端facility 设备;便利,容易factor 因素failure 失败(的人或事);没做到,不履行;失灵,故障faint 微弱的,微小的//晕倒,昏阙 fairly 相当;公正地faithfully 忠诚地;如实地familiar 熟悉的;常见的,日常用的fancy 想象;猜想;喜爱//空想出来的;花俏的;奇特的//想象力,;幻想;爱好,迷恋fare (车船)费favor 好感;恩惠,善事//赞同;偏袒favorable 有利的;顺利的;称赞的fax / facsimile 传真feature 特征;相貌fierce 凶猛的;狂热的;猛烈的figure 数字;轮廓;人物;体型,风姿;插图fine 罚金//处…以罚金//美好的,优秀的;纤细的;精制的;晴朗的fit (使)适合;(使)配合;安装//适合的;强健的fix 固定;安装;决定;确定;修理;安排flexible 易弯曲的;柔韧的;灵活的forth 向前;往外fortune 运气;财产frequency 频率；频繁fulfil(l) 满足；实现function 起作用；行使职责//功能；职责 fund 资金；基金；储备furthermore 而且gain V(钟表)走快；获得；V/N增加；得益gap 缺口；间隙；差距garage 车库；加油站gay 快乐的；色彩鲜艳的generation 一代；产生gentle 和蔼的；轻柔的；不陡的genuine 真心的；坦诚的gesture 姿势；姿态；表示gift 天赋；礼物glory 光荣；荣誉glow 广亮//发光govern 统治；支配graceful 优雅的；得体的grant 拨款//授予，准予grateful 感激的grave 坟墓//庄重的；严重的greet 问候；接受；呈现在…前guidance 指导，领导guide 导游；指南//指导；给…导游hardware 五金；硬件hardship 艰难headline 大字标题；新闻提要hit 成功而风行一时的事物horizon 地平线；眼界，见识host 东道主;目主持人；一大群house 给..房子住//商号however 不管怎样//然而identify 认出；认为…等同于image 像；映像immediate 立即的；直接的；最接近的imply 暗示；意味着import 进口商品//进口；输入impose 把…强加于；征税impress 使铭记；压印improvement 改进；改进之处industrial 工业的industry 勤奋；工业inform 告发；通知injury 伤害；受伤处input 输入；投入的资金inquiry/enquiry 打听；调查instant 即刻，瞬间//立即的；紧急的；速溶的institute 学会；研究所；学院instruct 教；命令；通知instruction 教学;指示；用法说明instrument 仪器；工具；乐器insure 给保险；保证intense 强烈的；热情的interest 利害关系；利率//引起兴趣interrupt 打断；中止involve牵涉；使卷入；包含isolate使隔离issue颁布，出版，发布／／问题；发行，期号item条，项目；一则jam v/n拥挤；堵塞；卡住jeans牛仔裤joint 结合处；关节//合资（联合）的 journal 杂志；期刊；日志journalist 新闻记者justice 正义；司法justify 证明…正当（有理，正确）；为…辩护labor 劳工；劳动laboratory/lab 实验室laundry洗衣房;待(已)洗的衣物lead 铅leaf 薄金属片learning 学问；学习leisure 闲暇；安逸length 长（度）；一段level 水平面;等级//(水)平的light 照亮//轻快的；愉快的local 地方的;当地的；局部的locate 找出;查明;把…设置在loose 松的lower 降下；减弱//下游的majority 大多数mall 购物中心manufacture 制造//制造业；产品mass 众多；团；群众；质量mean 自私的；卑鄙的means 方法mechanical 机械的；力学的；呆板的；手工的mental 精神的；智力的mere 纯粹的military 军事（用）的miracle 奇迹；令人惊奇的人 mixture 混合（物）modest 适中/不过分的monitor 监听（检测）器//监听；监测mount 登上;安放//峰mutual 互相的;共同的mysterious 神秘的;难理解的mystery 神秘;神秘事物nationality 民族;国籍negative 底片;负数//否定(反面,消极,负,阴性)的neglect 忽视(略);疏(玩)忽neighborhood 地段(区);四邻;附近;邻近地区nervous 神经紧张的； 神经系统的，神经性的nevertheless 仍然；不过newsletter 通讯normally 通常；正常地note 注意；记录//笔记；注解；票据；钞票novel 新颖的nursery 托儿所；苗圃objective 目标//客观的observe 注意到;观察;评论;遵守;奉行occupation 工作;职业;占领occupy 占(用,领);使忙碌(从事)occur 被想起;出现;发生odd 古怪/临时/不成对/奇数/挂零的offend v 冒犯；使厌恶omit 省略；遗漏operator 操作员；话务员opposite 在对面//对面的；对立的//对立面（物）outcome 结果outline 外形；轮廓；大纲；概要//描…的外形；概述output 产量；输出（功率）outstanding 突出的；杰出的participate 参与partly 在一定程度上；不完全地；部分地passage 通道；经过；消逝passive 消极的；被动的passport 护照Patternn．型、模式、样式、图案、花样Pause v／n.暂停、中止Peculiar a奇怪的、古怪的 特殊的、独特的Perceive v察觉、感知be