mono默默
Cappuccino (C)Syrup (2345) + Espresso (1122) + S/Milk 50% + Foam (50)Mocha (M)s/milk + Mocha sauce (2345) + espresso + w/creamWhite Chocolate Mocha (WM)Americano (A) Misto (half milk half water) Espresso (1234) + hot water + lidCaramel Macchiato (CM) Syrup Vanilla (1234) + Steamed milk + foam + espresso (1122) + caramel net topTazo Chai Tea Latte (CH) Chai (2345) + hot water + s/milk + foamEspresso Macchiato (EM) Espresso (1122) + foamHot Chocolate (HC) Mocha sauce (2345) + syrup vanilla (1112) + s/milk + w/crème
吃肉肉变胖子
我是一个无咖啡不欢的人。在巴格达,让我觉得高兴的是,这里的人爱喝咖啡。不管是在战争期间还是战争之后,在这里要找到一杯咖啡并不困难。只是,这里的咖啡,要么是用速溶咖啡冲的,要么就是非常浓烈的土耳其咖啡。我们第二次抵达巴格达,还没有餐厅开门做生意,也担心卫生的问题,于是我们午饭都在翻译的家里解决。我们的翻译说,正好让他的太太有点事做。他的太太原本是幼儿园老 师,自从开始打仗,她就只能够呆在家里。他的太太是一个很好的厨师。按照当地人的习惯,吃完饭要喝茶——那种很浓很浓,放了很多很多糖的中东式红茶。翻译说他有雀巢咖啡,他特意为我冲了一杯Cappuccino,请我一定要品尝。我有点奇怪他这种西化的习惯,另外,没有冲Cappuccino的机器,不知道他会怎样弄出来。端上来的咖啡很香,上面浮着一层厚厚的牛奶沫。虽然和正宗的Cappuccino比较,它的泡沫没有那么多,但是这肯定不是用普通的速溶咖啡冲出来的。喝一口,很甜,奶味和咖啡味都很足。真的非常非常好喝。我们又要离开巴格达了。那天,吃完他亲手做的意大利粉,他说,我要教你一样东西,就是怎样来做Cappuccino。说着,他把我带到他的厨房。他家的厨房很大,除了煤气炉,还有一个大大的烤箱,烤箱里面正在烤制面包,而这些面包,是他的太太特地为我们准备,让我们在离开巴格达的路上充饥的。他拿了一个茶杯,然后拿出一瓶雀巢速溶咖啡,一瓶砂糖,放在厨房的桌上。他用一个小匙羹,舀了一勺速溶咖啡在杯子里面,加了三匙羹砂糖,然后十分小心地在杯子里面加上几滴水,开始用匙羹用力地进行搅拌。“你知道吗,水要少,一定要一滴一滴地加。如果水太多了,就不能够把咖啡和砂糖搅拌得非常均匀。”他边示范边解释,“做这样一杯咖啡真的很累,它需要时间和体力的。”“那你为什么要做这杯咖啡给我?”“因为你是我的朋友,我希望你能够尝到我亲手冲出来的这杯咖啡。”听了这句话,我心头一热,随后又有一丝遗憾。今天,我们就要离开这里,对于我们的翻译来说,不单单是两个朋友的离开,更重要的是他因此没有了一份工作,没有了养家口的收入。他要面对的,是一个不确定的将来。想到这里,我变得沉默起来。看着他用奶粉冲了牛奶,煮热,然后冲进已经搅拌成厚厚的咖啡糖浆的杯子里面,牛奶的泡沫在杯子里面浮起来,喝一口,有点甜得发腻的感觉。这个翻译是我在街头碰到的。第二次回到巴格达的第二天,我们来到巴勒斯坦酒店门口拍摄驻守的美军。和萨达姆统治时期不同的是,我们不需要等待政府为我们分配一位翻译,而是需要我们自己来找。在街头进行拍摄,不断地有人上来毛遂自荐,希望当翻译或者是司机,不过很多人的英文实在是连基本的对答都不行。这个时候,一个看上去非常灵活的伊拉克人走过来自我介绍说,他是为美国电视台工作的翻译,他有一个朋友,可以当我们的翻译。我就看到他身后的朋友。他戴着眼镜,非常害羞地站在他的朋友后面。我们聊了几句,觉得他的英文还不错,我就开始和他的朋友讲价。看我们两个你来我往,他终于忍不住,给了我一个相当合理的价钱。他相当本分实在,没有因为我们初来乍到,蒙骗我们不知道行情。这给了我们良好的第一印象。上了我们的车,我们马上开始工作。他介绍自己是一个水利工程师,我并没有太留意,只是觉得他的英文只能说可以,但是不算流利。直到那天到了他的家里面,他拿出他的硕士答辩论文,原来全部都是用英文写的,里面的专业术语大部分我都不认识,这让我觉得很惭愧,因为这些天来我一直在批评他的英文水平。不过他很谦虚,他说,自己的口语不好,正是因为这样,他希望能够多练习自己的英文口语,虽然他很怕羞,还是走到街头来找工作,除了可以练口语,更重要的是可以养家。说到养家,他总是有意无意地表示,身为一家之主,承担整个家庭是他的责任。战争前,他在巴格达的一家大学任教,每个月的工资大约五十美元。他的专业是水利工程,经常有一些咨询项目,所以常常会有额外的收入,也因为这样,他和他的妻子还有三个孩子,能够住在一栋每个月要一百美金租金的房子里面。他获得的硕士学位就是政府资助的项目,作为学习的条件,他必须在政府部门工作一段时间,不过因为战争,现在他不需要承担这个责任。他说,原本以为这个学位可以帮助他找到更好的工作,但是现在真的很难说。就在我们快要离开的前两天,他借用我们的电话和在巴勒斯坦的哥哥联系。这时我才知道,我们的翻译原来是一个巴勒斯坦难民。很小的时候,他跟着父母来到了巴格达。现在,他让他的哥哥帮他在约旦或者是其他的国家找一份工作。我问他,舍得离开这里吗?他说,没有办法,要是长时间在巴格达找不到工作的话,为了自己的家人,他只有离开这里,去寻找更好的发展机会。虽然战争让他失去了工作,但是另外一个方面,也让他有了自由,也就是离开这个国家,到其他国家的自由。对于他和他的家人来说,这未尝不是一个更好的机会。递给我他亲手调配的Cappuccino,他认真地叮嘱我,等你回去,你一定要亲自调一杯这样的咖啡给你的朋友。不过,在给你的朋友喝之前,你一定要先自己实验一次,有了把握,才展示身手。他自己就是这样,向一个希腊女孩子学的调配咖啡的方法,他说他自己试了好几次才成功。临走的时候,他的十一岁的女儿,腼腆地走到我的面前,告诉我说,有一份礼物要送给我的女儿,这是一个会唱歌的玩具熊。现在,这个玩具熊就在我家的客厅里面,走过它的面前,我总是会有意无意地拍打它一下,听它唱出异乡的歌。然而,到现在,因为太忙,也没有那份浓浓的心情,我还没有尝试自己动手冲一杯Cappuccino。
为何不信2013
cappuccino[kApJ5tFi:nEJ]n.热牛奶咖啡cappuccinocap.puc.ci.noAHD:[k²p”…-ch¶“n½,kä”p…-]D.J.[7k#p*6t.i8nou,7k$8p*-]K.K.[7k#p*6t.ino,7k$p*-]n.(名词)【复数】cap.puc.ci.nosEspressocoffeemixedortoppedwithsteamedmilkorcream.卡普契诺咖啡:混以或加上煮过的牛奶或奶油的浓咖啡Italian[Capuchin,cappuccino(fromtheresemblanceofitscolortothecolorofthemonk'shabit)]*seecapuchin意大利语[嘉布遣会修道士,卡帕其诺浓咖啡(得名于它的颜色与嘉布遣会修士的道衣颜色的相似)]*参见capuchinThehistoryofthewordcappuccinoexemplifieshowwordscandevelopnewsensesbecauseofresemblancesthattheoriginalcoinersofthetermsmightnothavedreamedpossible.TheCapuchinorderoffriars,establishedafter1525,playedanimportantroleinbringingCatholicismbacktoReformationEurope.ItsItaliannamecamefromthelong,pointedcowl,orcappuccino,derivedfromcappuccio,“hood,”thatwaswornaspartoftheorder'shabit.TheFrenchversionofcappuccinowascapuchin(nowcapucin),fromwhichcameEnglishCapuchin.Thenameofthispiousorderwaslaterusedasthename(firstrecordedinEnglishin1785)foratypeofmonkeywithatuftofblack,cowllikehair.InItaliancappuccinowentontodevelopanothersense,“espressocoffeemixedortoppedwithsteamedmilkorcream,”socalledbecausethecolorofthecoffeeresembledthecolorofthehabitofaCapuchinfriar.ThefirstuseofcappuccinoinEnglishisrecordedin1948inaworkaboutSanFrancisco.cappuccino一词的历史很好地说明了词语如何可以因一些相似性而发展出新的意思,而这些词的创造者也许做梦都没想过这些相似性是可能的。嘉布遣会建于1525年后,在将天主教带回经历宗教改革的欧洲的过程中发挥了重要作用。它的意大利语名称来自一种长而尖的蒙斗篷,或称cappuccino,这个词又来自coppuccio,意为“风帽”,蒙头斗篷是这一派修士所穿衣服的一部分。Cappuccino在法语中成了capuchin(现在是capucin),英语中的Capuchin就来自这个法语词。这一虔诚教派的名字后来被用来作一种带一撮黑色的、蒙面斗篷似毛发的驴子的名字(于1785年首次用英语记录)。在意大利语中,cappuccino接着又发展出一个新的意思,意为“混以或加入煮过的牛奶或奶油的浓别啡,”这样叫是因为这种咖啡的颜色类似于嘉布遣会修士所穿衣服的颜色。Cappuccino在英语中的第一次使用记载于1948年一本关于圣弗朗西斯科的著作中参考资料:金山词霸2005
主君的太阳Soo
卡布奇诺通常是指卡布奇诺咖啡。20世纪初期,意大利人发展出了卡布奇诺咖啡。在特浓的咖啡上,倒入以蒸汽发泡的牛奶。此时咖啡的颜色,就像圣芳济会的修士在深褐色的外衣上覆上一条头巾一样,卡布奇诺咖啡因此得名。创设于1525年以后的圣芳济会教会的修士都穿著褐色道袍,头戴一顶尖尖帽子,传到意大利时,当地人给他们的服饰取名“Cappuccino”,此字的意大利文源自头巾即Cappuccio,指宽松长袍和小尖帽。取自"http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%83%E5%A5%87%E8%AF%BA"
向着好吃奔跑
摩卡咖啡mocha 摩卡咖啡。 在底部会有巧克力酱,表面还有鲜奶油,是喜欢甜食的朋友们的最爱。 拿铁咖啡latte 拿铁咖啡。这种咖啡在浓咖啡基础上加入牛奶和奶泡,奶泡一般都为1:2:1即可。当然这个比例是可以浮动的,如果你想多要一些奶泡的便可以说,i want some extra foam 我想多要一些奶泡。也有人喝冰的拿铁,里面会放些冰块。 卡布奇诺cappuccino 卡布奇诺。 这种咖啡是在浓缩咖啡里面挤入奶泡最多的咖啡。你同样可以根据个人喜好改变奶泡的多少。 玛奇雅朵玛琪雅朵”是意大利最美丽、最高贵的一种鲜花名称,后为意大利一个民族部落信仰,成为一种生活精神。 意大利语中是一点点的意思,同时也代表了一种美和纯朴. “玛琪雅朵”咖啡,Masurium Qiya coffee,因此成为一种现代时尚生活的代表,一种心花回归自然的境界。 制作玛琪雅朵咖啡 在意大利浓缩咖啡中,不加鲜奶油、牛奶,只要在咖啡上添加两大匙绵密细软的奶泡,如此就是一杯玛琪雅朵。 玛琪雅朵由于只加奶泡而不加热牛奶,所以口味上比卡布奇诺来得重。 值得一提的是:因打奶泡时,表面奶泡与空气混合较剧烈,所以表面的奶泡较粗糙。此时可以将奶泡表面较粗糙的部分刮去,如此便可以喝到最细致的部分。 美式咖啡Americano 美式咖啡。也许美国人在吃喝上面是最懒的动脑的,在浓缩咖啡里面加一定比例的水便是美式咖啡了,当然也可以认为美国人是最讲究原汁原味的。 密斯朵咖啡Misto 密斯朵咖啡。 也被称为法国牛奶咖啡。因为牛奶和咖啡的比例为1:1故由此得名。如果你想喝到传统的misto,那需要将牛奶壶和咖啡壶从两旁同时注入咖啡杯,这种冲配方法延续了几百年。 泰舒茶(Tazo)的前世今生提起Tazo茶,就必须谈及创始人史提夫·史密斯(Steve Smith),他是一位从事制茶工业超过30年的专家老手,他于1994年的创立了Tazo茶。史提夫·史密斯可以说是在茶上施了魔法的魔术师。他以传统及历史的经验为基础,再加上他丰沛的灵感及创造力,以及他对于药草及草本植物的知识,将各式如魔术般的想象滋味重新排列,就成了现代Tazo茶。在吉普赛语言里,Tazo代表「生命之河」;在北印度的部落里,Tazo同时也是「新鲜」的意思;古希腊时代,Tazo是不可或缺的民生必需品;在古巴比伦尼亚,Tazo更被视为饮后能长春不老的神奇瑰宝。迄今,现代Tazo茶已经发展超过80余种独特的口味,透过水果素材及药草混合而成的各式Tazo茶,在史提夫';史密斯的安排之下有了全新的定义。Tazo结合高级茶叶与植物精华,透过酵母酿造的制作过程,搭配出多样及创新的冷/热茶品。在美国,Tazo已成为研发新款茶品的知名厂牌,甚而闻名全世界。目前,Tazo在美国、加拿大及国际市场已营销逾20,000家,包括:闻名的大饭店、餐厅、咖啡店、旅游胜地,天然健康食品门市等。调一杯Tazo引领您沉浸于大自然的清气、远离凡尘、眺望人间,让心灵很自由、任身体很自在、徜徉于青山绿水间,没有喧嚣、只有静谧,让思虑可以更清朗纯净、通畅透明。
miumiu6571
咖啡的起源咖啡树和咖啡食用的起源地公认在非洲,其具体地区说法不一,但多数人认为在东非的文明古国埃塞俄比亚。关于咖啡起源的时间则莫衷一是。 在咖啡的发现、起源和利用史上,有一个神奇的故事非常流行,我以为也较为符合实情。很久很久以前,埃塞俄比亚西南部咖法(Keffa)地区的牧羊少年卡尔迪(Kaldi)一次赶羊经过一片树林时,他的山羊群啃食路边大型灌木丛上的红果子。①卡尔迪无意中发现,山羊吃了红果子后异常兴奋,即使是老山羊也像小山羊一样奔跑跳跃。牧羊少年觉得奇怪,便也摘下一些果实品尝。结果自己也变得非常兴奋、精神,不由得手舞足蹈起来。咖啡(果可食用并能提神)就这样被人发现了。②人们把这种果子就叫成当地的地名“咖法”(keffa),以后经过长期地传递和演变就成了今天的“咖啡”(coffee)。咖啡被发现后人们最初只是采摘野生的果子食用,③后来才慢慢开始人工栽培。在食用方式上,最初是连肉带核(即咖啡种子—咖啡豆)一起嚼食,后来进步为把咖啡果泡水或煮水喝。④在用途上,最初主要用于宗教界的宗教活动和医生治病及病人恢复。埃塞俄比亚—红海一带基督教、犹太教都有,后来还有伊斯兰教。各种宗教的教士、修士、教徒嚼了咖啡果或喝了咖啡水后,在彻夜进行的宗教法事活动时便很有精神不打瞌睡。病人们嚼了它或喝了它也能恢复一些精神。 咖啡的食用、采摘渐渐跨过非常狭窄的红海传入阿拉伯半岛。《中国大百科全书·农业卷·咖啡条》和《中国农业百科全书·农作物卷·咖啡条》说公元前6世纪阿拉伯人已开始栽种咀嚼食用咖啡,但它们没有例证和文献出处,不大可信。而且,从社会发展史角度审视,公元前6世纪阿拉伯半岛上的阿拉伯人(假如当时已有“阿拉伯人”的话)还处于原始社会的野蛮时代。如果那时他们已有了农耕种植,那也只可能种植椰枣、麦子、瓜菜等粮食、蔬菜、多用途作物,而不可能栽培药用类、嗜好类、消闲类作物咖啡。因为当时的生产力水平只允许他们种植那些作物,以保证自己少挨饿,生存下去。新版《美国百科全书·咖啡条》认为,公元后6世纪阿拉伯人开始栽种食用(咀嚼)咖啡。⑤有的学者还把栽培利用咖啡的时代地点精确到公元575年在也门开始栽种。⑥我认为公元后6世纪开始栽培咖啡相对较为可信。由此推断,埃塞俄比亚人发现利用咖啡当在此前好长一段时期,或者在此前两三个世纪,即约公元3世纪。公元9—10世纪的阿拉伯医学家拉吉斯(Rhazes,865—932)在文献中首次明确提到了咖啡,即记载下有人将干咖啡果研碎后用水煎服当药喝First, coffee origin Coffee-tree and coffee edible origin recognition in Africa, itsconcrete local view not one, but the most people think in EastAfrica's ancient nation Ethiopia. Time origins which about the coffeethen unable to agree. In in the coffee discovery, the origin and the use history, somemysterious story is extremely popular, I thought also conforms to thetruth. Before very long very long time, the Ethiopian north west 咖law (Keffa) the area tends sheep young Cull to enlighten (Kaldi) timeto catch up with when the sheep passes through woods, his mountainflock of sheep gnaws on the food roadside large-scale shrubbery thered fruit. (1) Cull enlightens accidentally discovered that, after thegoat ate the red fruit exceptionally to be excited, even if were theold goat also likes the small goat equally to run jumps. Tends sheepthe youth to think strangely, then also takes off some fruits totaste. Result also change extremely excitedly, the spirit, cannot helpbut dances with joy. The coffee (fruit might edible and can stimulate)on is discovered like this by the person. (2) The people are calledthe locality the geographic name this kind of fruit "咖 the law"(keffa), later passes through for a long time the transmission and theevolution has become today "the coffee" (coffee). The coffee wasdiscovered the posterity only are at first pick the wild fruit edible,(3) afterwards only then slowly started artificially to cultivate. Inthe edible way, is at first Lian Roudai the nucleus (namely coffeeseed - coffee bean) chews the food together, afterwards progressed forsoaks in water the coffee fruit or 煮水 drinks. (4) In the use,mainly uses in at first religious circles' religious activities anddoctor treats an illness and the patient restores. Area the Ethiopian- red sea Christianity, the Judaism all have, afterwards also had theIslamism. After each kind of religious priest, the member of areligious order, the believer has chewed the coffee fruit or has drunkthe coffee water, in carries on all night when religious Buddhistceremony activity then very much has the spirit not to hit sleepily.The patients have chewed it or drink it also to be able to restoresome spirits. The coffee edible, picks gradually bridged over extremely narrow redsea to spread to the Arabian Peninsula. "Chinese Big EncyclopediaAgriculture Volume Coffee Strip" and "Chinese Agriculture EncyclopediaCrops Volume Coffee Strip" said the B.C.E. 6 centuries Arabs startedto plant chew the edible coffee, but they do not have the illustrationand the literature source, is not greatly credible. Moreover,carefully examined from the social development history angle, B.C.E.in 6 centuries Arabian Peninsula Arabs (at that time if had "Arab"speech) also is in primitive society the barbarism. If at that timethey had the agriculture to plough the planter, that also onlypossibly plants 椰枣, grain, the vegetables, the multipurpose cropsand so on wheat, melon vegetable, but is impossible to cultivate kind,the hobby class for medicinal purposes, whiles away the time the kindof crops coffee. Because then productive forces level only allowedthem to plant these crops, guaranteed oneself little starved, thesurvival got down. New edition "American Encyclopedia Coffee Strip"believed that, A.D. the latter 6 centuries Arab starts to plant edible(chews) the coffee. (5) Some scholars also precisely start thecultivation using the coffee time place until the A.D. 575 years inYemen to plant. (6) I thought the A.D. latter 6 centuries startrelatively to cultivate the coffee to be credible. From this theinference, the Ethiopian discovered using the coffee works as inbefore this good long section of times, or in before this 23centuries, namely approximately A.D. 3 centuries. A.D. 9 - 10centuries Arabic medical scientists pull lucky Si (Rhazes, 865 - 932)explicitly mentioned for the first time in the literature the coffee,after namely under the record some people will do the coffee fruit togrind the water used to fry the clothing when the medicine will drink 三、咖啡在全世界的传播和咖啡馆文化欧洲人和其他国家的人接触到咖啡饮料后,有的人便很快喜欢上了。商人和资产者更垂涎于咖啡带来的效益和利润。但是在地理大发现时代(15世纪末—17世纪末),欧洲或其他任何帝国对奥斯曼土耳其还不具有军事优势(须知土耳其甚至在1529年和1683年两次大举围攻维也纳)。还无法采取军事暴力手段来获取咖啡苗(诸如击败土军,占领某地,抢走当地的咖啡树和咖啡果)。面对土耳其的严厉控制政策,既不能合法进口,又无力武装抢夺;于是人们只好设法去“偷”,从而演绎出咖啡外传的诸多有趣故事。1616年,荷兰人从也门摩卡港躲过土耳其严格检查,偷运出一株咖啡树苗。②他们驾船走葡萄牙人开辟的新航路经阿拉伯海、印度洋、大西洋、英吉利海峡绕道回国。但欧洲的气候水土不适合热带亚热带植物咖啡树的生长,荷兰人只好把它作为实验树栽培在暖房里。1656年荷兰人侵入锡兰(斯里兰卡)。1658年荷兰人就在锡兰岛上进行咖啡树苗的大田种植并获成功。③1603年荷兰人在印尼爪哇岛上建立起第一个商站一殖民据点,1619年荷兰人侵占雅加达,并把它改名为巴达维亚。1696年荷兰人从印度西南部沿海的马拉巴尔(Malabar)地区运进咖啡树苗和种子把它们栽种在印尼爪哇巴达维亚的种植园。经过一点波折后终获成功,并很快获益赢利。④ 不过印度西南部的咖啡林却不是荷兰人或其他西欧人传去的,而是由当地的一位叫巴巴·布丹(Baba Budan)的人于17世纪30年代传入的。作为一个虔诚的穆斯林,巴巴·布丹去过伊教的圣城麦加朝圣。返回时他把七粒能发芽的咖啡豆(种子)紧贴在肚皮上,躲过了土耳其人的检查,成功地“偷”回了他在印度西南部的家乡。从此,咖啡开始在南亚生根栽培了。⑤ 综上可知,东非埃塞俄比亚人民发现了咖啡,阿拉伯人民栽培了咖啡,中国人民促进了咖啡从神饮药饮转变为大众饮料,土耳其人民发明了咖啡最正宗最科学的饮用法,南亚人民也参与了传播咖啡。可见,咖啡能成为世界三大饮料之一,非、亚、欧洲人民都为之做出了贡献。不过,对咖啡最钟爱,把咖啡馆(文化)发展得最繁荣,把咖啡传播得最远的是欧洲人民。 1615年威尼斯商人把进口的咖啡豆运回威尼斯开设咖啡馆经营。[3](P11)这大概是欧洲的第一家咖啡馆。不过,咖啡馆老板使用的是进口的土耳其咖啡而非在意大利种出来的咖啡。1650年,英国牛津出现英国的首家咖啡馆,1652年,伦敦出现咖啡馆。[4](n78-179)1643年,巴黎开设了首家咖啡馆,1650年,马赛也开设了咖啡馆……。[4](P161)1684年,维也纳出现首家咖啡馆。[4](P52)到17世纪末18世纪初,咖啡馆在欧洲特别是西欧各大中小城市已雨后春笋般出现,迅速普及。从此欧洲(包括后来的北美)的社会生活和风俗习惯中多了喝咖啡这项内容,街头多了咖啡馆这道风景线。人们在咖啡馆里休闲,聊天,看简易的文艺表演,谈生意,议论国是,吃零食,谈情说爱,咖啡馆成了与中国茶馆媲美的一种西式休闲场所。一些文人、作家、艺术家在泡咖啡馆时构思了自己的作品;一些政客在咖啡馆里活动,一些罪犯在咖啡馆里策划犯罪,一些青楼女子也在咖啡馆里拉客……咖啡馆成了欧美人民的重要社交场所。Third, coffee in world dissemination and cafe culture After the European and other national people contact the coffeedrink, some people then very quickly liked. The merchant and theproperty drool the benefit and the profit which brings to the coffee.But in the geography big discovery time (15 century's ends - 17century's ends), Europe or other any empires did not have the militarysuperiority to the Osman Turkey (notice Turkey even and in 1683 two ona large scale besieges Vienna in 1529). Also is unable to adopt themilitary violence method to gain the coffee seedling (such as todefeat 土军, seizes some place, snatches locality coffee-tree andcoffee fruit). Facing Turkey's severe control policy, both cannotlegitimately import, and incapably arms robs; Thereupon the peoplehave to try "to steal", thus deducts the coffee unauthorized biographymany interesting stories. In 1616, the Dutch hid Turkey from theYemenese 摩卡port strictly to inspect, smuggle a coffee seedling.(2) They harness the ship to walk the Portugese opening new routeafter the Arabic sea, Indian Ocean, Atlantic, the English Channeldetour to return to homeland. But Europe's climate water and soil doesnot suit the tropics subtropics plant coffee-tree the growth, theDutch has to take it the experimental tree cultivation in thegreenhouse. In 1656 the Dutch invaded Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka). In 1658the Dutch on carried on the coffee seedling on the Sri Lankan islandthe big field planter and attains successfully. (3) In 1603 the Dutchestablished the first business on the Indonesian Java island to standas soon as colonizes the foothold, in 1619 the Dutch invaded Jakarta,and changed name it as 巴达维亚. In 1696 the Dutch (Malabar) thearea transported the coffee seedling and the seed from Indian northwest coast Malabar plants them in the Indonesian Java 巴达维亚plantation. The end attains successfully after twists and turns, andvery quickly obtains benefits the profit. (4) But the Indian north west coffee forest actually is not the Dutch orother westerners passes on, but is calls anxiously the bhutan (BabaBudan) by local the person spreads to the 17th century 30's. As areverent Muslim religion, anxiously the bhutan goes to holy city Meccawhich Iraq teaches to go on a pilgrimage. Returns when he the coffeebean which can germinate seven grains (seed) tightly pastes on thebelly, has hidden Turk's inspection, the successful place "stole" hasreturned to him in the Indian north west hometown. From this time on,the coffee started in the South Asia to take root to cultivate. (5) In the synthesis may know, the East Africa Ethiopia people haddiscovered the coffee, the Arabic people cultivated the coffee, theChinese people promoted the coffee to drink the medicine from the godto drink transform into the populace drink, the Turkish peoplescientifically invent the coffee most orthodox school to drink theusage, the South Asia people also participated in the disseminationcoffee. Obviously, the coffee can become world one of three big drink,non-, Asian, the European people have all made the contribution forit. But, to the coffee most cherish, (culture) develops the cafeprosperously, disseminates far the coffee is the European people. In 1615 the Venetian merchant shipped back the import coffee beanVenice to open the cafe management. [ 3 ] (P11) this probably isEurope's first cafe. But, cafe boss uses is the import Turkish coffeebut non- the coffee which plants in Italy comes out. In 1650, theEnglish Oxford appeared English the first cafe, in 1652, Londonappeared the cafe. [ 4 ] (n78-179) in 1643, Paris has opened the firstcafe, in 1650, Marseilles has also opened the cafe... ... . [ 4 ](P161) in 1684, Vienna appeared the first cafe. [ 4 ] (P52) to 17century's ends the beginning of 18th century, the cafe in Europespecially was the Western Europe each major and medium small cityalready mushroom growth appearance, rapid popularization. From this time on Europe (including afterwards North America) in thesocial life and the manners and customs were many has drunk coffeethis content, the street corner many cafes this scenery line. Thepeople in the cafe the leisure, chat, looked the simple theatricalperformance, discusses business, discussed the country is, eats thebetween-meal snack, talks love, the cafe has become one kind ofwestern-style leisure place which compares favorably with with theChinese teahouse. Some writers, the writer, the artist when soaked thecafe has formed in one's mind own work; Some politicians move in thecafe, some criminals plan the crime in the cafe, some brothel femalesalso draw in customers in the cafe... ... The cafe has become theEuropean and American people's important public relations place. According to 16th century Arabic literature "Coffee Origin" records,in 13 centuries the leaf has a Muslim 阿訇 Austria Masurium you(Sheikh Omar) to convict, 摩卡(Mocha) exiles from Yemen to Ou Saba.On the way, he saw is eating on the roadside tree's red fruit to abird in merrily the calligraphy stroke, then also tried to pick some煮水 has drunk. The small fruit has one kind of marvelous flavor,after drank has been sleepy wearily, eliminates immediately. AustriaMasurium you thereupon drink the coffee fruit the usage instruction togive some big at the beginning of sickness the person. After AustriaMasurium will send into exile the expiration to return in future摩卡then and drinks the coffee fruit the usage to disseminate. (1)Austria Masurium you discovered the coffee the fable is extremelypopular in the Arabic area, I think this fable Yu Shizhuo severalpoints: First, Austria Masurium you are possibly the public figurewhich independent rediscovers the edible wild coffee. He possiblydiscovered the different wild species as soon as to plant 培种.Already verified, the coffee had the different wild species anddevelops in this foundation plants 培种, if 小果 - the Arabiccoffee (Coffea arabica), center the fruit - went against the basketgirl coffee (C. canephora), big fruit - Liberia coffee (C. 1iberica);[ 1 ] (P258-259) two, Austria Masurium you possibly are the Arabicarea most early attempt one of planter coffee public figures; Third,Austria Masurium you are promote the coffee edible and one ofcultivation public figures. We knew, when Arabic area middle ages the agriculture quite is alsodeveloped, massively plants the multipurpose crops 椰枣 and othercrops. The Arab in knows the coffee to be possible edible to drinkafter and has the marvelous effect not to carry on the manualcultivation then with difficulty to persuade by reasoning. Therefore Iextrapolated, 6 since the probably centuries have been thenfragmentary in the Yemenese area, occasionally watch, the researchcultivation coffee, you the time namely develop from Austria Masuriumfrom the l3 century for the big field cultivate. In 1454, Yemen'sMuslim dynasty officially proclaimed the command allows to drink withand plants the coffee. (2) This indicated the coffee the planteredible before this had the quite long section of times, and hasachieved the certain scale. From this time on, the coffee and drank inthe length and breadth Arabic area widely planter with 古代非洲埃塞俄比亚人发现了咖啡,中世纪阿拉伯人栽培了咖啡。中世纪晚期,中国人促进了咖啡从神饮药饮转变为大众休闲饮料,土耳其人发明了咖啡正宗科学的饮用法,印度人参与了传播咖啡。在地理大发现时代(15世纪末至17世纪末),欧洲人把咖啡传遍全世界;此后又将咖啡馆文化发展得最繁荣。所以非、亚、欧人民都为咖啡发展为今日世界的三大饮料之一做出了贡献。晚清咖啡传入我国,民国在华已站稳脚跟。改革开放以来咖啡饮用开始在中国流行,并在逐步形成自己的咖啡文化。Ancient times the African Ethiopians had discovered the coffee, themiddle ages Arab has cultivated the coffee. The middle ages laterperiod, the Chinese promoted the coffee to drink the medicine from thegod to drink transforms into the populace leisure drink, the Turkinvents the coffee orthodox school science to drink the usage, theIndian participated in the dissemination coffee. In the geography bigdiscovery time (15 century's ends to 17 century's ends), the Europeanspread over the coffee the world; Hereafter develops the cafe cultureprosperously. Therefore non-, Asian, the European people all have madethe contribution for the coffee development for today world one ofthree big drink. The late clear coffee spreads to our country,Republic of China stands firm in Hua Yi. Since the reform and openpolicy the coffee has drunk with starts to be popular in China, andgradually is forming own coffee culture.
yangdandan
创设于一五二五年以后的圣芳济教会(Capuchin)的修士都穿著褐色道袍,头戴一顶尖尖帽子,圣芳济教会传到意大利时,当地人觉得修士服饰很特殊,就给他们取个Cappuccino的名字,此字的意大利文是指僧侣所穿宽松长袍和小尖帽,源自意大利文"头巾"即Cappuccio.然而,意大利人爱喝咖啡,发觉浓缩咖啡、牛奶和奶泡混合后,颜色就像是修士所穿的深褐色道袍,于是灵机一动,就给牛奶加咖啡又有尖尖奶泡的饮料,取名为卡布奇诺(Cappuccino)。英文最早使用此字的时间在一九四八年,当时旧金山一篇报导率先介绍卡布奇诺饮料,一直到一九九0年以后,才成为世人耳熟能详的咖啡饮料。应该可以这么说Cappuccino咖啡这个字,源自圣芳济教会(Capuchin)和意大利文头巾(Cappucio),相信Cappuccino的原始造字者,做梦也没料到僧侣的道袍最后会变成一种咖啡饮料名称。
优质英语培训问答知识库