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英语词性缩写n = 名词，noun的缩写u = 不可数名词，uncountable noun的缩写c = 可数名词，countable noun的缩写v = 动词， verb的缩写vi = 不及物动词，intransitive verb的缩写vt = 及物动词，transitive verb的缩写aux.v = 助动词 ，auxiliary verb的缩写model verb情态动词conj = 连接词 ，conjunction的缩写adj. = 形容词，adjective的缩写adv.= 副词，adverb的缩写art. = 冠词，article的缩写prep = 介词；preposition的缩写pron = 代名词，pronoun的缩写num = 数词，numeral的缩写int. = 感叹词，interjection的缩写英文基本句式介绍: 五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构(说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝补语)2S十V在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。例如：He runs quickly．他跑得快。They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。The gas has given out．煤气用完了。My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。3S十V十P在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。
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英语句子的构成要素
在深入解析不同类型的英语句子结构及相关规则之前，必须要先了解下面这些术语的含义。
主语和谓语
最基本的英语句子通常有个两部分：一个主语和一个谓语。主语指的是句子中执行动作的人或物；谓语可以为我们提供跟主语有关的一些信息。
以下面这个句子为例：“I walk the dog.”（我遛狗。）在这句话里，I 是主语，即动作执行者。
而 walk the dog 是谓语，表述的是主语的动作。
我们再来多看几个例句，其中粗体和斜体分别表示主语和谓语。
I study at a public university.
我在一所公立大学学习。
Rajesh works at a marketing firm.
拉杰什在一家营销公司工作。
She likes the color purple a lot.
她非常喜欢紫色。
主句和从句
主句和从句都包含主语和谓语，
主句可以作为一个完整的句子，从句则必须要跟主句放在一起才能表达完整的意思。
伯符仲謀
回答如下：英语句子结构：1. 简单句。它包括“主语+谓语+其他，并列主语+ 谓语+其他，主语+ 并列谓语+其他”。例如：He works hard. We know her. The book is mine / on the desk. (主系表结构)Tom is ill / out / a doctor. (主系表结构)2. 并列句。它的结构是：简单句 +并列连词 +简单句。另外，它的分句还可以含有从句，这种并列句亦称并列复合句。例如：He helps me with English and I help him with math. It was growing dark but she still went on with her work.Work hard, and you will make progress. Hurry up, or / otherwise you will be late. He didn't come, for he was ill. It rained yesterday, so we didn't go. Either you stay here or Mary stays here. The man who is sitting there is a doctor and his son works in the college. (并列复合句)The car that I bought two years ago was stolen a month ago, but the police haven't found the thief who has stolen it. (并列复合句)3. 复合句。复合句的构成是“主句+从句”，亦称为主从复合句。例如：When we arrived there, it was already dark. I know the man who is standing under the tree. He said that his father was a doctor. That is what he said. What he said is right.
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