牦牛的英文介绍

牦牛被称作高原之舟，是西藏高山草原特有的牛种，主要分布在喜马拉雅山脉和青藏高原。牦牛全身一般呈黑褐色，身体两侧和胸、腹、尾毛长而密，四肢短而粗健。牦牛生长在海拔3000米一5000米的高寒地区，能耐零下30℃一40℃的严寒，而爬上6400米处的冰川则是牦牛爬高的极限。牦牛是世界上生活在海拔最高处的哺乳动物。牦牛分为野牦牛和家牦牛，野牦牛又叫野牛，学名Bos mutus(Poěphagrt mutrs)，英文名wild yak，藏名音译亚归。偶蹄目，牛科，牛亚科、牦牛属。是家牦牛的野生同类，典型的高寒动物，性极耐寒。青藏高原特有牛种，为国家一类保护动物。 野牦牛体形笨重、粗壮，但比印度野牛略小，体长为200—260厘米，尾长约80—100厘米，肩高160—180厘米，体重500—600千克，雄性个体明显大于雌性个体。野牦牛具有耐苦、耐寒、耐饥、耐渴的本领，对高山草原环境条件有很强的适应性。

yak牦牛（YAK）是藏区最常见的大型动物，也是藏族人民心中的神圣象征。野牦牛 wild yak

yak 这个单词是牦牛的意思

The wild yak has a dense undercoat of soft, close-matted hair which is covered by generally dark brown to black outer hair. Its long, shaggy coat reaches almost to the ground. The wild yak can weigh up to 1000 kg (2200 lb) with a shoulder height of over 2 m (6.5'). It occurs in treeless uplands, including plains, hills, and mountains, from as low as 3200 m (10,500') up to the limit of vegetation at about 5400 m (18,000'). It stays in high areas with permanent snow during the warmer months of August and September, and spends the rest of the year at lower elevations. The wild yak grazes on grasses, herbs and lichens. Ordinarily it gathers in groups of 10 - 30 or more, but it may occasionally be observed in large groups of 100 - 200. The wild yak was once numerous and widespread on the entire Tibetan plateau north of the Himalayas. Currently it is found in remote areas of the Tibetan plateau and adjacent highlands, including Gansu Province, China, with a few having been observed in the Chang Chenmo Valley of Ladakh (eastern Kashmir, India). Wild yak distribution is highly clumped, with most animals in widely scattered herds, concentrated in the areas with little disturbance by humans. A survey conducted in 2003 found increasing populations of wild yak compared to previous surveys taken 10 years earlier. Uncontrolled hunting by natives and military personnel is the main reason for the wild yak's decline. Its range has been reduced by more than half during this century. Poaching remains the main current threat. The wild yak has lost most of the best alpine meadow and steppe habitat to pastoralists. Problems are also caused by habitat disturbance, hybridization and competition with domestic yaks, and disease transmitted by domestic yaks.

牦的读音是máo。

牦牛（学名：Bos mutus或Bos grunniens，英文名称：wild yak），属于哺乳纲、真兽亚纲、偶蹄目、反刍亚目、牛科、牛亚科动物，是以中国青藏高原为中心，及其毗邻高山、亚高山高寒地区的特有珍稀牛种之一，草食性反刍家畜。牦牛能适应高寒气候，是世界上生活在海拔最高处的（除人类外）哺乳动物，分布于中国青藏高原海拔3000米以上地区。

生活习性

牦牛能适应海拔3200～4800米，大气压68420.85～55435.28Pa，氧分压14505.43～11679.01Pa，含氧量14.9%～11.44%的生态环境。其胸廓发达，心肺发育指数大，借以保护胸、腹内脏器官、外生殖器官、乳房及各关节，以防受冻。据测定，在海拔3800米的草甸草场上日放牧9.5h，牦牛日采食鲜草27.86±1.42kg。