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英语毕业论文参考文献的正文注释格式范文
英语毕业论文参考文献的正文注释格式范文
英语毕业论文参考文献注释格式范文
英语毕业论文参考文献注释格式范文
正文中的注释和参考文献是论文格式最为重要的部分，请论文作者逐条仔细阅读。建议先做好参考文献格式，再对照格式要求作夹注。
分脚注和夹注两种，。
1)脚注
正文内容如有需作出特别说明或解释之处以脚注的形式处理，编号格式设置为“○1,○2,○3…”，编号方式设置为“每页重新编号”，脚注会自动出现在当页正文下。字体采用默认值(小五号)。
2)夹注
对论文中的直接引用或间接引用部分所依据的文献以夹注的形式标出。夹注可以采用以下几种形式：
作者姓氏未在引文中出现，则夹注用括号标出作者姓氏，空一格字母再标出引文页码。为避免不必要的麻烦，中文作者用全名。
引用一位作者
“Time is no longer felt as an objective, causal progression with clearly marked-out differences between periods…” (Frank 20)
As the British novelist-critic Christine Brooke-Rose has put it, the novelists now have nothing new to tell since what should be told have been told altogether (Yin Qiping 33-35) .
引用两位作者
Medieval Europe was a place both of “raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion” and of “traveling merchants, monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and active markets in gain” (Townsend & Waugh 10-16).
作者有三个以上，
则在第一位作者的姓氏后写上et al.以示其余姓氏的省略，或列上全部姓氏，夹注中的形式应与参考文献中的形式保持一致。
Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Graff et al. 19-35).
Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Graff, Goldberger, & Tarule 15-20).
同姓作者
还需加名的开头字母予以区分，如：
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
文本中不指名列举持某一观点的'作者
Others hold the opposite point of view (e.g., Jakobson 9;Waugh 34)
作者姓氏在引文中出现，则只需用括号标出引文页码
Graff defines his recent book, Professing Literature, as “a history of academic literary studies in the United States” (10).
如在引文中提及整个文献及作者姓氏(不必夹注，但参考文献中要注明相关出版信息)
Slade’s revision of Form and Style incorporates changes made in the 1995 edition of the MLA Handbook.
集体作者如果组织名称太长，第一次提及时可采用全称后加注缩略
The annual report revealed substantial progress in fundraising (American Museum of Natural History 12, hereafter AMNH).
以后直接用缩略形式做夹注
The report surveys the major problems in fundraising (AMNH 15).
引用多卷本中的一卷
Between the years 1945 and 1972, the political party system in the United States underwent profound changes (Schlesinger, vol. 4).
Schlesinger pointed out the profound changes the political party system in the United States underwent between 1945 and 1972 (4: 98-104).
引文出自同一作者的不同文献
引用同一作者的两篇以上的文献, 可以分别以文献名全名(如果文献全名简短的话)或文献名的缩略形式(如果文献全名较长的话)注释。
文本中未出现引文作者姓氏，也未出现文献名的，夹注用括号标出作者姓氏，姓氏后加逗号，空一格字母标出带下划线的该作者的书名，书名后空一格字母标出引文页码，如：
Shakespeare’s King Lear has been called a “comedy of the grotesque” (Frye, The Anatomy of Criticism 237).
文本中出现作者姓氏的，夹注用括号标出带下划线的该作者的书名，空一格字母再标出引文页码，如：
Shaughnessy points out that “the beginning writer does not know how writers behave” (Errors 79).
若引文出自杂志，则把文章名放在双引号内，空一格字母再标出引文页码，如：
Teachers applauded Shaughnessy’s assertion that “teaching them [beginning writers] to write well is not only suitable but challenging work for those who would be teachers and scholars in a democracy” (“Diving In” 68).
文本中既出现作者姓氏又出现该作者的书名或文章名，则只需标出引文页码
In The Age of Voltaire, the Durants portray eighteenth-century England as a minor force in the world of music and art (214-48).
一个夹注中涉及一篇以上文献
(Lauter 34; Crane 98)
...as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).
转引
Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (Johnson qtd. in Boswell 2: 450)
Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (qtd. in Boswell 2: 450)
引文来自于中文作者(对“孔子”等已有英文译名的必须使用标准译名，如Confucius 33; Mencius 22-25)
(Hu Zhuanglin 33)
(Zhu Xianzhi & Lin Chongde 89)
(Xu Guozhang et al. 33-35)
(Confucius 33)
短引文 (四行以内或诗歌三行以内)
引文须加双引号，括号内提供作者、页码(诗歌的话提供诗行)信息，标点符号在括号之后。如果问号、感叹号若是引文的一部分，则须放在引言内，否则，也放在括号之后。
According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).
Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?
诗行与诗行之间用“/”隔开，如：
Cullen concludes, "Of all the things that happened there/ That's all I remember" (11-12).
长引文
如果引文较长，超过4行，拟另起一行，不加引号，左边缩进10个英文字母, 夹注紧随引文末尾，句点应放在引用括号之前。
At the conclusion of Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys realize the horror of their actions:
The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. (186)
引文为两段或两段以上，或引文来自诗歌，或引文来自剧本，或引文附带译文，详细说明分别参考《MLA科研论文写作规范》82页;83-84页;85页;93页。注意引文来自诗歌等韵文时，可以篇次和行次代替夹注中的页码;引文来自剧本等文献时，以幕次、场次和行次代替页码。
引文中的添加与省略
在添加的词两头加“[ ]”。
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: “some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale” (78).
在省略的此处用省略号“…”代替，省略号前后各空一字母。
In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that “some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale ... and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs” (78).
词典词条
将词条在双引号中列出，后加 “def.”，空一字母后再加页码。
According to The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, “study” means “application of the mind to the acquisition of knowledge, as by reading, investigation, or reflection” (“Study,” def. 1888).
5. 关于参考文献
说明：
1)参考文献部分以Times New Roman小四号正体加粗居中标明“Works Cited”列在正文后(或尾注后)，另页书写。“Works Cited”与第一个参考文献之间空一行。不得罗列同正文没有直接关系的文献，参考文献条目与引文夹注要对应。外文文献排列在前，以姓氏的首字母为序排列，中文文献排列在后，以姓氏的拼音为序排列。每条文献顶格写，回行时英文空5个字母，中文空两格。
2) 建议论文作者多使用英文原版图书和学术期刊文献。引用英文原版图书和学术期刊文献至少2本(篇)以上。
4)主要作者(编者、译者)采用姓在前，名在后的形式，作者姓与名之间用逗号分隔(中文姓名不用分隔);2人以内全部写上，第2 者起姓名按正常顺序，两个主要作者(编者、译者)之间英语的加“&”、中文的加 “、”三个主要作者(编者、译者)以上只写第一人再加“et al.”或“等”(中文)。
5)英文图书、期刊、报纸一律使用斜体，如果图书中包含作品名，作品名使用正体。例如：
Parkes, Adam. Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day. New York & London: Continuum, 2001.
6)中文图书等采用汉英对照形式，以便正文中统一按照英文模式(格式同英文文献)做夹注，列中文图书、期刊、报纸一律使用书名号，作者与作者之间用“、”号，英 语文 献中的句点在中文文献中用宋体字体下的逗号代替、冒号也要是宋体字体下的冒号，且汉字之间或标点与汉字之间没有空格。中文文献的英文模式须加“[ ]”，下面参考文献格式不再赘述。例如：
王守仁、方杰，《英国文学简史》，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2006年。
[Wang Shouren & Fang Jie. A Concise History of English Literature. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006.]
7)除了版本研究(如翻译版本对照研究)之外，不宜将同一本书的英文版本和中文版本同时列为参考文献。英 语文 学论文作者必须使用所研究作品的英文版本。
8) 非单行本短篇小说一般应参照文章格式处理，例如：
Joyce, James. “Araby.” Dubliners. London: Penguin, 1967.
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2005年全国中学生英语能力竞赛(NEPCS)初赛初三年级组试题 （总分：150分 答题时间：120分钟） 听力部分（共四大题，计30分） I. 听辨单词（Words） （共5小题，计5分） 从下列各组单词中选出所听句子里含有的那个选项。每句只读一遍。（答案涂在答题纸上） 1. A. flag B. flat C. bright D. glad 2. A. eleven B. evening C. even D. event 3. A. thought B. taught C. bought D. though 4. A. whether B. either C. neither D. feather 5. A. affordable B. comfortable C. changeable D. noticeable II. 句子理解（Sentences）（共5小题，计5分） 从下列各组句子中选出与你所听到的句子所表达的意思相同或相近的选项。每句只读一遍。（答案涂在答题纸上） 6. A. Tom has got dark eyes and wears a long tie. B. Tom's hair is dark and long. C. Tom's eyes are black but his hair is long. D. Tom wants to have dark eyes and long hair. 7. A. I was so glad that I caught an earlier bus. B. I made up my mind to catch a slow bus so that I can have a rest. C. I wasn't tired at all so I can take any bus. D. I wanted to catch an earlier bus because I was tired. 8. A. I called you but nobody answered. B. I phoned you but your line was busy. C. I did call you, but your phone was power off. D. I didn't ring you because your phone was broken. 9. A. Mr Robert Brown is at the help desk right now. B. Mr Robert Brown is wanted on the telephone. C. Mr Robert Brown should know where the help desk is. D. Mr Robert Brown needs to come to the help desk right now. 10. A. The store will close at 8 pm every day next month. B. The store will not open until 8 pm every day. C. The store will be open for eight hours a day next month. D. Next month the store will close at an earlier time every day. III. 对话理解（Dialogues）（共10小题，计10分） A) 你将分别听到五段小对话，针对每段对话将提出一个问题，从下面各组图片中选出能回答所提问题的最佳选项。对话及问题只读一遍。（答案涂在答题纸上） B) 你将听到一段对话，请根据对话选择下面各题的最佳答案。对话将读两遍。 16. How does the girl feel about moving abroad? A. Tired. B. Nervous. C. Sad. D. Bad. 17. What will the boy do after the girl moves abroad? A. Move to Spain. B. Buy a house in Spain. C. Find a job in Spain. D. Go to Spain to see the girl. 18. Where does the girl's family want to buy their house? A. In the north. B. Not far away from downtown. C. Near the sea. D. Twenty minutes from the city centre. 19. Why do the girl's parents want to move to Spain? A. Because they always like the idea of living abroad. B. Because the girl and her brother are too young. C. Because they can afford it. D. Because Spain is near the sea. 20. Which one of the following is NOT true? A. The girl will go to college in Spain. B. The girl's brother is younger than she. C. The girl's brother studies in London. D. The girl and her brother are both students. IV. 短文理解（Passages）（共10小题，计10分） A) 根据所听短文的内容，选择下列各题的最佳答案。短文将读两遍。（答案涂在答题纸上） 21. What is the main idea of this passage? A. How is the Ice Hotel built? B. What makes the Ice Hotel different? C. Why is the Ice Hotel made of ice? D. What is the temperature of the Ice Hotel? 22. How many hotel rooms are there in the Ice Hotel? A. 32. B. 80. C. 22. D. 52. 23. What can you do in the hotel? A. Watch a movie. B. Get married. C. Swim in the pool. D. Both A and B. 24. Why is sleeping NOT a problem at the hotel? A. Because the rooms are warm. B. Because the temperature is -2℃. C. Because the sleeping bags are warm. D. Because the walls are warm. 25. What may happen to this hotel in the spring? A. It freezes. B. It disappears. C. It stays open. D. It moves. B) 你将听到一篇短文，请根据短文内容选择下面各题的最佳答案。短文将读两遍。 26. When is the school office open during the holidays? A. 9 am-4 pm, Monday-Sunday. B. Every morning. C. Monday and Thursday mornings. D. 9 am-5 pm, Monday-Friday. 27. What number can you call if you have an emergency （紧急情况）? A. 978 5423. B. 987 5243. C. 978 4523. D. 978 2453. 28. What kind of facilities （设施） does the Learning Centre have? A. 5,000 library books and 15 computers. B. 50,000 library books, 50 computers and the Internet. C. 50 computers without the Internet. D. 50,000 library books only. 29. Where can you go if you want to have a hot meal? A. The Hungry Café. B. The bookshop. C. The first floor. D. The Food Hall. 30. What can you buy from the machines around the school? A. Books and CDs. B. Clothes and flowers. C. Crisps, chocolate and drinks. D. Pencils and paper. 笔试部分（共七大题，计120分） I. 选择填空（Vocabulary and structure）(共20小题，计20分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项。（答案涂在答题纸上） 31. Something _________ terrible around here. A. smells B. that is a smell C. smelling D. smell 32. When I was _________ high school, I had a part-time job _________ McDonald's. A. in; inside B. from; in C. on; at D. in; at 33. I don't enjoy computer games now, but I _________ like them when I was younger. A. was used to B. used to C. would D. shall 34. —Hi!You look tired. —Yes, I'm busy _________ for my English exam tomorrow. A. written B. do C. preparing D. to work 35. If you don't know the meaning of a word, _________ it _________ in a dictionary. A. look; out B. find; out C. look; up D. watch; out 36. Our teacher _________ happy because no one _________ Julia remembered _________ their dictionaries. A. isn't; besides; bringing B. can't; only; taking C. won't; but; to take D. wasn't; except; to bring 37. “Sir, can you please drive faster? I have to get to the station as soon as possible. My train _________ in 20 minutes.” A. started B. leaves C. going D. come 38. He told me that he preferred at home rather than out for a walk. A. to stay; go B. to sleep; walking C. live; to come D. sat; to be 39. —Why is your leg in plaster （石膏）? —That's a silly question. I _________ it, of course. —Someone _________ “Time for a break” on the plaster. A. break; writes B. will break; writing C. have broken; has written D. broke; written 40. —Are you going to the picnic with us tonight? —Yes. —You won't be late, _________? A. should you B. will you C. don't you D. can you 41. —Do you like that picture on display? —It's wonderful. I've never seen_________ picture before. A. a so fine B. so beautiful C. such a nice D. a such pretty 42. “Show me your paper, please. This is impossible! It _________ be the answer.” A. shall not B. can't C. needn't D. doesn't have to 43. The Klumps _________ one of the funniest movies I _________ seen. A. is; have B. are; have C. is; has D. are; has 44. _________ years ago, very large animals called dinosaurs _________ in certain areas of the world. A. Many million; have been living B. Million; had lived C. Several millions of; are alive D. Millions of; lived 45. Which sign means “Be careful when the floor is wet”？ 46. —It's very hot in here. _________ —Of course. —Thank you. A. What's the weather like today? B. Could you open the window? C. How old are you? D. Where are you from? 47. —I feel really hungry. Have you got anything to eat? —_________ —Yes, please. A. Do you like these flowers? B. Why not? C. What are you doing? D. Would you like some cake? 48. —Hi Marry! —Hi Nick!Can I have a quick word with you? —Sure. —Can you come to the dance tomorrow night? —_________ A. Sorry, I'm playing basketball. B. Yes, you can. A. Sorry, I'm playing basketball. B. Yes, you can. C. Oh, I'm stupid. D. You're welcome. 49. —What are your plans for the summer? —_________ —Oh, it must be very exciting. A. I won't see you then. B. I'm going to spend a month in the mountains. C. You're wrong. D. I've been to the Great Wall. 50. —I've got to see the dentist. _________ —Have you brought a note from your parents? —Yes. —Can I have a look at it? A. Shall I leave school early? B. Do you like shopping? C. What's wrong with you? D. Must I have breakfast early? II. 阅读理解（Reading comprehension）（共20小题，计30分） 阅读下列短文或图表，然后完成文后各题。（51—60小题为选择题，每题1分且只有一个最佳答案；61—70小题为非选择题，请回答问题或完成句子，每空词数不限，每题2分）（答案涂写在答题纸上） A Hayao Miyazaki was born in Tokyo on January 5, 1941. As a boy, he liked to read and draw cartoons. After graduating from university in 1963, Miyazaki joined the Toei Animation （动画片制作） Company. At Toei, he worked on many animated movies, like the famous Puss in Boots. In 1984, he made Nausicaa of the Valley of Wind, which was based on a comic book he wrote. Because this movie was so successful, Miyazaki was able to start his own animation company, Studio Ghibli. One of Miyazaki's most loved movies is My Neighbour Totoro, made in 1987. It is a children's movie, but many teenagers and adults like it too. The movie is about two sisters who become friends with a big, supernatural （神奇的） animal named Totoro. It is a very warm-hearted story, with many strange and interesting characters such as Cat Bus, a cat which is also a bus. Miyazaki's 2001 movie, Spirited Away, was even more popular than My Neighbour Totoro. All of Miyazaki's movies have strange but charming people and creatures. Many of his stories happen in worlds that are different from ours. However, they still show his ideas about real life. He often points out how humans hurt the natural world. He thinks people should change the ways how they live. This may be why so many people like his movies. 51. What is the main idea of this passage? A. The movie My Neighbour Totoro. B. The early life of Hayao Miyazaki. C. The most famous movie in Japan. D. The works of Hayao Miyazaki. 52. How did the success of Nausicaa of the Valley of Wind help Miyazaki? A. He was able to start his own company. B. He could sell a comic book. C. He could join Toei Animation Company. D. He could work on more movies. 53. Which movie is “Cat Bus” in? A. Nausicaa. B. My Neighbour Totoro. C. Puss in Boots. D. Spirited Away. 54. Who likes My Neighbour Totoro? A. Teenage girls. B. Children. C. Adults. D. All of the above. 55. According to the passage, why are Miyazaki's movies so successful? A. His movies are funny. B. His movies are all about real life. C. His movies have strange creatures. D. He wants to protect the environment. B Tropical cyclones （热带旋风） are called typhoons （台风） in Asia, and hurricanes （飓风） in North and South America. These storms go around like a wheel（轮子） turning to the left. They have wind speeds of 60 kph or more. They can be very destructive （毁灭性的）. In the United States, the Tropical Prediction Centre in Miami, Florida, looks out for hurricanes. When scientists discover a true hurricane, they give it a name. They can use either a man's or woman's name. Why should hurricanes have names? The names make it easier for people to keep up with information about a hurricane and its dangers. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO), an international weather group, decides what names will be used. The WMO makes six lists （列表） of names, using the English alphabet. Each list is used for one year. When a hurricane happens, it gets the next name on the list for that year. For example, the first hurricane of the year might have the name Abel, while the second one could be Betty. The name lists do not include （包含） names beginning with the letters O, U, X, Y, and Z, since there are few names that begin with these letters. Asian countries use a different list. This list has a few personal names, but most of the names are of flowers, animals and trees. 56. Why should hurricans have names? A. It sounds interesting. B. The names help people get information about a hurricane. C. The names are only for the WMO. D. It is traditional. 57. _________ decides what names will be used for hurricanes. A. The Tropical Prediction Centre B. A scientist C. The WMO D. Abel 58. Which name would a hurricane never have? A. Rita. B. Veronica. C. William. D. Yanni. 59. The Fifth hurricane of 2010 might have the name ________. A. Diana. B. Darren. C. Eric. D. Connie. 60. Asian countries name typhoons after ________. A. books and buildings B. flowers and animals C. mountains and rivers D. oceans and rivers C DJs (disc jockeys) are the people who play and present music on the radio, or in a nightclub. A VJ (video jockey) is a person who introduces music videos on television. VJs were first seen on television in the early 1980s when MTV went on the air. As MTV became popular and the audience for music videos increased, different kinds of music video channels started broadcasting. By the 1990s, international music video channels like Channel V in Asia and VIVA in Europe had started. The VJs for the new international stations had to be chosen carefully. Although some VJs showed mostly local content （本地内容）, other VJs presented shows for international viewers （电视观众）. These VJs, and the material （素材） they presented, needed to be popular in several different cultures. One successful international VJ in Asia is Asha Gill. She is from Malaysia, but her parents and grandparents are from India, France, and England. She speaks three languages and has fans across Asia. When asked what makes a good VJ, many successful VJs have given similar answers. To be a good VJ you need to know a lot about music, you need to be funny, and you can't be shy. 61. DJs play music _________, while VJs introduce music videos _________. 62. When did VJs first appear on television? 63. VJs for international channels should be chosen carefully because they have to be _________. 64. What kind of people can become good VJs？ D The map below shows the central part of a town and some of its important buildings. Use the map to answer questions 65—67. 65. The parking garage entrance opens onto _________ Street. 66. In what direction do you walk to the Convention Centre from the bank? 67. The theatre is in a building between the Fifth Avenue and _________. E “It's really cool to have a dad who flies fighter jets （喷气式战斗机）,” thought 11-year-old Casey as she was watching him fly overhead. Living on an Air Force base （空军基地） was not as bad as some people might think. Casey rather enjoyed being around friends who had something in common with each other. They had their own school, bowling area, and movie theatre. She especially loved it when her dad would come home each day and greet her with a new joke and tickles （搔痒）. Today was different, though. When her dad walked into the room, he looked sad for some reason. He just kissed her on the forehead and told her mum that he needed to talk to her. Casey knew something was wrong. When her mum and dad came out of the other room, mum was crying. Dad sat down and began to explain that he has been told to go to Iraq to help with the war effort. Casey was so surprised that she couldn't speak for a moment. She began to feel tears in her eyes. Soon, the day came. Her dad was leaving. It was hard for Casey to believe that she wouldn't be seeing her dad for a whole year. They depended on （依赖） him for so many things. Who would fix the broken window? Who would greet her with jokes and tickles at the end of the day? Casey began to cry more than ever. 68. According to the story, one thing Casey enjoyed on the base was that she and her friends _________. 69. How did Casey know that something was wrong when her dad got home? 70. How long would her dad be away? III. 完形填空（Cloze）(共20小题，计20分) A) 阅读下面短文，根据其内容从所给的15个单词或词组中选出最恰当的10个填入空中。（答案写在答题纸上） become, much, put off, if, famous, opinion, first, shown, idea, decided, already, need, put away, although, last The Cannes Film Festival The Cannes Film Festival is the most (71)_________ film festival in the world. (72)_________ a film is presented （上演） there it is immediately famous. The festival is also where some of the film industry's most important business takes place and where many actors and directors (73)_________ stars. The (74)_________ began in 1939 when the French government （政府） (75)_________ to have an international festival. They chose Cannes, which is in southern France, because it is a sunny and beautiful town. In fact, Cannes was (76)_________ seen as a fashionable （时髦的） place to go. The festival was (77)_________ until after the war and finally took place on September 20, 1946. At (78)_________, the festival was mainly a tourist and a social event. However, as more and more films were (79)_________, it was seen as something (80)_________ more important. Today it has become the most important event of the year for the film industry. B) 阅读短文，并用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。（答案写在答题纸上） Dear Anne, I'm sorry I (81)_________(not write) to you recently, but I've been working hard. When I (82)_________(receive) your letter I (83)_________(sing) in a play at school, and when I finished that, I went on holiday with some friends. I meant to send you a postcard, but I (84)_________(forget) to take your address with me. How are you getting on at college? You (85)_________(not say) much about this in your letter. I hope you still (86)_________(like) it. I (87)_________(do) many things lately. I've learned (88)_________(drive) and my parents sometimes (89)_________(lend) me their car. Maybe I (90)_________(go) to London and see you one day. Best wishes, Andy IV. 句式转换 （Sentence pattern transformation）（共10小题，计10分） A) 按要求转换下列句式，每空词数不限。（答案写在答题纸上） 91. I can go skating tomorrow. (改为一般疑问句) _________ I _________ tomorrow? 92. This cake tastes delicious. （改为否定句） This cake _________ delicious. 93. Tim and Mark aren't at this school any more. （改为现在完成时） Tim and Mark _________ this school. 94. How much does this cost? （改为宾语从句） Could you tell me _________ ? 95. Professor Ann Green has discovered new fossils in the Valley of the Kings. （改为被动语态） New fossils _________ Professor Ann Greenin the Valley of the Kings. B) 根据上句完成下句，使两句表达的意思基本相同，每空一词。（答案写在答题纸上） 96. It's too cold to go for a walk. It isn't _________ _________ to go for a walk. 97. Judy is really good at swimming. Judy _________ _________ really well. 98. That café has better food than any other café in the area. That café has _____
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1.alter v. 改变，改动，变更2.burst vi.,n. 突然发生，爆裂3.dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)4.blast n. 爆炸；气流 vi. 炸，炸掉5.consume v. 消耗，耗尽6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃8.spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出9.slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略10.slide v. 滑动，滑落 n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片11.bacteria n. 细菌12.breed n. 种，品种 v. 繁殖，产仔13.budget n. 预算 v. 编预算，作安排14.candidate n. 候选人15.campus n. 校园16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的17.transform v. 转变，变革；变换18.transmit v. 传播，播送；传递19.transplant v. 移植20.transport vt. 运输，运送 n. 运输，运输工具21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变22.vary v. 变化，改变；使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭，不见24.swallow v. 吞下，咽下 n. 燕子25.suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心26.suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的27.mild a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的29.nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物）30.insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的31.accelerate vt. 加速，促进32.absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的33.boundary n. 分界线，边界34.brake n. 刹车，制动器 v. 刹住（车）35.catalog n. 目录（册） v. 编目36.vague a. 模糊的，不明确的37.vain n. 徒劳，白费38.extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的39.extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的40.extreme a. 极度的，极端的 n. 极端，过分41.agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁，恳求44.appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏45.approve v. 赞成，同意，批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激，激励47.acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到48.accomplish vt .完成，到达；实行49.network n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流51.tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的52.trace vt. 追踪，找到 n. 痕迹，踪迹53.torture n./vt. 拷打，折磨54.wander vi. 漫游，闲逛55.wax n. 蜡56.weave v. 织，编57.preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持61. abuse v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的63. academy n. （高等）专科院校；学会64. battery n. 电池（组）65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏66. cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物67. career n. 生涯，职业68. vessel n. 船舶；容器，器皿；血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使，责成；使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗，模糊72. extent n. 程度，范围，大小，限度73. exterior n. 外部，外表 a. 外部的，外表的74. external a. 外部的，外表的，外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟，延误，耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽79. decent a. 像样的，体面的80. route n. 路；路线；航线81. ruin v. 毁坏，破坏 n. 毁灭，[pl.]废墟82. sake n. 缘故，理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小，规模；等级；刻度85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道，单调的，87. tend vi.易于，趋向88. tendency n.趋向，趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的，最大的，最终的 n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历，遭受91. abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的92. adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳93. adapt vi. 适应，适合；改编，改写 vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士，学士学位；单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的，碰巧的；临时的；非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱，圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的，未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空，真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头的，口述的，口的100. optics n. （单、复数同形）光学101. organ n. 器官，风琴102. excess n. 过分，过量，过剩103. expel v. 驱逐，开除，赶出104. expend v. 消费105. expenditure n. 支出，消费；经费106. expense n. 开销，费用107. expensive a. 花钱多的；价格高贵的108. expand v. 扩大，扩张；展开，膨胀109. expansion n. 扩大，扩充；发展，膨胀110. private a. 私人的，个人的111. individual a. 个别的，单独的 n. 个人，个体112. personal a. 个人的，私人的；亲自的114. personnel n. [总称]人员，员工；人事部门115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋119. grant vt. 授予，同意，准予119. grand a. 宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的120. invade v. 侵入，侵略，侵袭 121. acid n. 酸，酸性物质 a. 酸的；尖刻的122. acknowledge v. 承认；致谢123. balcony n. 阳台124. calculate vt. 计算，核算125. calendar n. 日历，月历126. optimistic a. 乐观127. optional a. 可以任选的，非强制的128. outstanding a. 杰出的，突出的，显著的129. export n. 出口（物） v. 出口，输出130. import n. 进口（物） v. 进口，输入131. impose vt. 把...加强(on)；采用，利用132. religion n. 宗教，宗教信仰133. religious a. 宗教的134. victim n. 牺牲品，受害者135. video n. 电视，视频 a. 电视的，录像的136. videotape n. 录像磁带 v. 把...录在录像带上137. offend v. 冒犯，触犯138. bother v. 打搅，麻烦139. interfere v. 干涉，干扰，妨碍140. internal a. 内部的，国内的141. beforehand ad. 预先，事先142. racial a. 人种的种族的143. radiation n. 放射物，辐射144. radical a.根本的；激进的145. range n. 幅度，范围 v. （在某范围内）变动146. wonder n. 惊奇，奇迹 v. 想知道，对...感到疑惑147. isolate vt. 使隔离，使孤立148. issue n. 问题，争论点；发行，（报刊）一期149. hollow a. 空的，中空的，空虚道150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住151. adequate a. 适当地；足够152. adhere vi. 粘附，附着；遵守，坚持153. ban vt. 取缔，禁止154. capture vt. 俘虏，捕获155. valid a. 有效的，有根据的；正当的156. valley n. 山谷，峡谷157. consistent a. 坚固定；一致的，始终如一的158. continuous a. 继续的，连续（不断）的159. continual a. 不断地，频繁的160. explode v. 爆炸；爆发；激增161. exploit v. 剥削；利用，开采162. explore v. 勘探163. explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增164. explosive a. 爆炸的；极易引起争论的165. remote a. 遥远的，偏僻的166. removal n. 除去，消除167. render vt. 使得，致使167. render 解释比较长，可要仔细体会啊！ 1) render sth (for sth)；render sth (to sb) give sth in return,or exchange,or as sth which is due 给予某物作为报偿或用以交换；回报；归还render homage,obedience,allegiance,etc.表示敬意、顺从、效忠等：a reward for services rendered 服务的酬金render good for evil 以德报怨render insult for insult 以侮辱对侮辱render sb a service/render a service to sb 为某人服务render help to disaster victims 向灾民提供援助render thanks to God 感谢上帝2) present or send in (an account)for payment 递交或开出（帐单）：account rendered 开出50美元的帐单3) cause (sb/sth) to be in a certain condition 使（某人[某事物]）处于某种状况：rendered helpless by an accident 因出事故而束手无策Your action had rendered our contract invalid.你们的这种做法导致双方的合同失败。4) [esp passive 尤用于被动语态] give a performance of (music,a play,a character.etc);give a portrayal of (sb/sth)in painting,etc.演奏（音乐）；演出（戏剧）；扮演（角色）；以绘画等表现（某人[某物]）：The piano solo was well rendered. 那支钢琴独奏曲弹得真好。"Othello" was rendered rather poorly. 《奥赛罗》这出戏演得不好。The artist had rendered her gentle smile perfectly. 该艺术家把她那温柔的笑容表现得惟妙惟肖。5) render sth (into sth) express sth in another language;translate sth. 翻译某事物：How would you render "bon voyage" (into English)? "bon voyage"怎么翻译（成英语）？Rendering poetry into other language is difficult. 翻译诗歌是很困难的。6) cover (stone or brick) with a first layer of plaster 在（石或砖）上抹灰泥打底：render walls 在墙上抹底灰7)（习语）render an account of oneself, one"s behaviour, etc explain or justify what one has said,done,etc. 为自己的言行等作解释或辩护.8) render sth down： make (eg fat,lard) liquid by heating it; melt sth down 将（脂肪、猪油等）熬成油；熔化某物。render sth up：hand over or surrender sth;yield sth. 移交或交出某物；放弃某事物：render up a fort, town, etc to the enemy 放弃要塞、城市等被敌人占领(fig比喻) He rendered up his soul to God, ie died. 他魂归天国了168. precaution n. 预防，防备，警惕169. idle a. 懒散的，无所事事的170. identify vt. 认出，鉴定171. identify n. 身份；个性，特性172. poverty n. 贫穷173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的，抗...的，耐...的174. resolve vt. 解决；决定，决意175. barrel n. 桶176. bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价177. coarse a. 粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的178. coach n. 教练；长途公共汽车179. code n. 准则，法规，密码180. coil n. 线圈 v. 卷，盘绕 181. adult n. 成年人182. advertise v. 为...做广告183. advertisement n. 广告184. agency n. 代理商，经销商185. focus v. （使）聚集 n. 焦点，中心，聚焦186. forbid vt. 不许，禁止187. debate n./v. 辩论，争论188. debt n. 欠债189. decade n. 十年190. enclose vt. 围住；把...装入信封191. encounter vt./n. 遭遇，遭到192. globe n. 地球，世界；地球仪193. global a. 全球的；总的194. scan vt. 细看；扫描；浏览195. scandal n. 丑事，丑闻196. significance n. 意义；重要性197. subsequent a. 随后的，后来的198. virtue n. 美德，优点199. virtual a. 实际上的，事实上的200. orient vt. 使适应，(to,toward)使朝向 n. 东方
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