史蒂芬霍金英语

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金【生平介绍】 斯蒂芬·霍金（Stephen William Hawking），是本世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，被称为在世的最伟大的科学家。现年60岁，出生于伽利略逝世周年纪念日，剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授，当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论家。70年代他与彭罗斯一道证明了著名的奇性定理，为此他们共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖。他因此被誉为继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家”。 他还证明了黑洞的面积定理。霍金的生平是非常富有传奇性的，在科学成就上，他是有史以来最杰出的科学家之一。他担任的职务是剑桥大学有史以来最为崇高的教授职务，那是牛顿和狄拉克担任过的卢卡逊数学教授。他拥有几个荣誉学位，是皇家学会会员。 他因患卢伽雷氏症（肌萎缩性侧索硬化症），禁锢在一张轮椅上达20年之久，他却身残志不残，使之化为优势，克服了残废之患而成为国际物理界的超新星。他不能写，甚至口齿不清，但他超越了相对论、量子力学、大爆炸等理论而迈入创造宇宙的“几何之舞”。尽管他那么无助地坐在轮椅上，他的思想却出色地遨游到光袤的时空，解开了宇宙之谜。 霍金的魅力不仅在于他是一个充满传奇色彩的物理天才，也因为他是一个令人折服的生活强者。他不断求索的科学精神和勇敢顽强的人格力量深深地吸引了每一个知道他的人。【研究领域】理论物理学： 70年代霍金与彭罗斯一道证明了著名的奇性定理，他还证明了黑洞的面积定理。霍金的生平是非常富有传奇性的，在科学成就上，他是有史以来最杰出的科学家之一，他超越了相对论、量子力学、大爆炸等理论而迈入创造宇宙的“几何之舞”。尽管他那么无助地坐在轮椅上，他的思想却出色地遨游到光袤的时空，解开了宇宙之谜。霍金教授是现代科普小说家： 他的代表作是1988年撰写的《时间简史》，这是一篇优秀的天文科普小说。作者想象丰富，构思奇妙，语言优美，字字珠玑，更让人咋惊，世界之外，未来之变，是这样的神奇和美妙。这本书至今累计发行量已达2500万册，被译成近40种语言。 1992年耗资350万英镑的同名电影问世。霍金坚信关于宇宙的起源和生命的基本理念可以不用数学来表达，世人应当可以通过电影——这一视听媒介来了解他那深奥莫测的学说。本书是关于探索时间本质和宇宙最前沿的通俗读物，是一本当代有关宇宙科学思想最重要的经典著作，它改变了人类对宇宙的观念。《时间简史续编》作为宇宙学无可争议的权威，霍金的研究成就和生平一直吸引着广大的读者，《时间简史续篇》是为想更多了解霍金教授生命及其学说的读者而编的。该书以坦白真挚的私人访谈形式，叙述了霍金教授的生平历程和研究工作，展现了在巨大的理论架构后面真实的“人”。 该书不是一部寻常的口述历史，而是对二十世纪人类最伟大的头脑之一的极为感人又迷人的画像和描述。对于非专业读者，本书无疑是他们享受人类文明成果的机会和滋生宝贵灵感的源泉。《霍金讲演录——黑洞、婴儿宇宙及其他》，是由霍金1976-1992年间所写文章和演讲稿共13篇结集而成。讨论了虚时间、有黑洞引起的婴儿宇宙的诞生以及科学家寻求完全统一理论的努力，并对自由意志、生活价值和死亡作出了独到的见解。在三年工作量并不巨大的学习之后，他获得了一等自然科学荣誉学位，之后进入剑桥大学研究宇宙学，当时牛津大学还没有宇宙学这个专业。尽管他希望能够跟当时在剑桥的弗雷德·霍伊尔(Fred Hoyle)身边做研究，但是他的导师却是丹尼斯·西艾玛(Dens Scama)。在获得博士学位之后，他成为一名研究员，后来成为冈维尔和凯厄斯学院(Gonvlle and Caius College)的教授。【相关作品】 《时间简史续编》作为宇宙学无可争议的权威，霍金的研究成就和生平一直吸引着广大的读者，《时间简史续篇》是为想更多了解霍金教授生命及其学说的读者而编的。该书以坦白真挚的私人访谈形式，叙述了霍金教授的生平历程和研究工作，展现了在巨大的理论架构后面真实的“人”。该书不是一部寻常的口述历史，而是对二十世纪人类最伟大的头脑之一的极为感人又迷人的画像和描述。对于非专业读者，本书无疑是他们享受人类文明成果的机会和滋生宝贵灵感的源泉。 《霍金讲演录——黑洞、婴儿宇宙及其他》，是由霍金1976-1992年间所写文章和演讲稿共13篇结集而成。讨论了虚时间、有黑洞引起的婴儿宇宙的诞生以及科学家寻求完全统一理论的努力，并对自由意志、生活价值和死亡作出了独到的见解。[MRMY.NET收集] 《时空本性》80年前广义相对论就以完整的数学形式表达出来，量子理论的基本原理在70年前也已出现，然而这两种整个物理学中最精确、最成功的理论能被统一在单独的量子引力中吗？世界上最著名的两位物理学家就此问题展开一场辩论。本书是基于霍金和彭罗斯在剑桥大学的6次演讲和最后辩论而成。 《未来的魅力》本书以斯蒂芬·霍金预测宇宙今后十亿年前景开头，以唐·库比特最后的审判的领悟为结尾，介绍了预言的发展历程，及我们今天预测未来的方法。该书文字通俗易懂，作者在阐述自己观点的同时，还穿插解答了一些有趣的问题，读来饶有趣味。【霍金趣事】 霍金虽然身体的残疾日益严重，但霍金却力图像普通人一样生活，完成自己所做的任何事情。他甚至是活泼好动的--这听起来有些好笑，他在已经完全无法移动之后，他仍然有唯一可以活动的手指驱动着轮椅在前往办公室的路上“横冲直撞”；当他与查尔斯王子会晤时，旋转自己的轮椅来炫耀，结果轧到查尔斯王子的脚趾头。【获得奖项】1、 1989年获得英国爵士荣誉称号2、 是英国皇家学会学员和美国科学院外籍院士3、 伦敦皇家天文学会的埃丁顿勋章4、 梵蒂冈教皇科学学会十一世勋章5、 霍普金斯奖6、 美国丹尼欧海涅曼奖7、 马克斯韦奖8、 英国皇家学会的休斯勋章9、 1978年获物理界最有威望的大奖—阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦奖10、与彭罗斯共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖11、1988年霍金的书《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》获沃尔夫基金奖【大事年表】 1942年 1月8日生于剑桥 1950年 举家迁往圣奥尔本斯 1959年 入牛津大学 1962年 牛津毕业,去剑桥读研究生 1963年 被诊断患肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS) 1965年 获剑桥博士学位,与珍妮.怀尔德(简·瓦尔德)结婚 1967年 长子罗伯特出生 1970年 女儿露西出生/开始使用轮椅 1973年 首部著作《空时的大型结构》出版 1974年 宣布发现黑洞辐射,成为皇家学会会员 1977年 被任命为剑桥大学引力物理学教授 1979年 次子蒂莫西出生/被任命为剑桥大学卢卡斯数学教授/《广义相对论评述:纪念爱因斯坦百年诞辰》出版 1981年 参加梵蒂冈宇宙学大会,宣布无边界构想/《超时空和超引力》出版/被授予大英帝国高级骑士 1985年 在瑞士病倒/实行气管造口手术从而失去语言能力,使用带造音器的计算机1988年 《时间简史:从大爆炸到黑洞》出版/获沃尔夫基金奖 1989年 被授予大英帝国荣誉爵士 1990年 与妻子离异 1991年 《时间简史》同名电影上映 1993年 《“黑洞与婴儿宇宙”及其他论文》出版 2001年10月又一部力作《果壳中的宇宙》出版发行

Stephen William Hawking was an English theoretical physicist，cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death.

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金是英国理论物理学家、宇宙学家及作家，生前任职剑桥大学理论宇宙学中心研究主任

In 1963, Hawking was diagnosed with an early-onset slow-progressing form of motor neurone diseasethat gradually paralysed him over the decades.

1963年，霍金被诊断出一种早期缓慢进展的运动神经元疾病，几十年来逐渐使他瘫痪。

Even after the loss of his speech, he was still able to communicate through a speech-generating device, initially through use of a hand-held switch, and eventually by using a single cheek muscle.

即使在失语后，他仍然能够通过语音生成设备进行交流，最初是通过手持开关，最后是通过使用单颊肌肉。

He died on 14 March 2018 at the age of 76, after living with the disease for more than 50 years.

他于2018年3月14日去世，享年76岁，患有此病50多年。

扩展资料

斯蒂芬·霍金曾出演过不少影视作品，他总共在14部影视作品中扮演他自己。

在《时间简史》家庭影视版的发布派对上，《星际迷航》中史巴克的扮演者李奥纳德·尼摩伊，知悉霍金是《星际迷航》的超级影迷，渴想参与演出后，尼摩伊便与制作人商量后，在《下一代》影集中的《堕落》一集中，特别安排给霍金三分钟时间表演。

霍金饰演自己本人，在全息成像平台里与爱因斯坦、牛顿、生化人“数据”比赛扑克牌。同年，著名摇滚乐队平克·佛洛伊德在作曲〈继续讲吧〉里特别置入霍金的“说唱”。

1999年，霍金在系列动画片《辛普森一家》中的一集为自己的卡通角色配音。

有许多纪录片以霍金的生平为主题，包括《真实的霍金》（2001）、《霍金简介》（2002）、《霍金的故事》(2004)、《霍金：宇宙大师》（2008）、[209] 《霍金：我的简史》（2013）。

参考资料来源：百度百科-斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金，英国剑桥大学著名物理学家，20世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，下面是我为你整理的霍金的简介英文版，希望对你有用!

Stephen William Hawking, born in Oxford, England on January 8, 1942, won CH (British Lord of Honor), CBE (British Empire Commander Medal), FRS (Royal Society Member), FRSA (British Royal Art Association members) and other honors. He is a famous physicist at Cambridge University, one of the greatest physicists of modern times and one of the great men of the 20th century.

He suffers from muscular atrophic lateral sclerosis (Luganle's disease), generalized paralysis, can not speak, hand only three fingers can be active.

From 1979 to 2009, he was a professor of mathematics at Lucas. He was the most respected professor in Britain. Hawking's main research field is cosmology and black hole, which proves the singularity theorem and black hole area theorem of general relativity, and puts forward the black hole evaporation theory and the boundless Hawking cosmic model. In the process of unifying the two basic theories of physics in the 20th century, Einstein founded the theory of relativity and Planck's quantum mechanics to create an important step forward.

Stephen William Hawking's research laid the groundwork for today's understanding of the black hole and the origin of the universe, but according to himself, he said that he was in the animated "The Simpsons" and the science fiction episode "Star Trek: Next Generation" (Star Trek: The Next Generation) is also wonderful.

Hawking emphasizes that the universe does not need a Creator or "God" in the "Great Design", "philosophy is dead", which means that mankind will be detached from ignorant self-slavery, denying that pure philosophy and religion can really explain Naturally, it also shows that the major religions are only the ancient spiritual world to explore the unknown, the pursuit of immortal system, rather than the objective truth. With the progress of the times, human civilization is also catch up, not far behind, which is why generations of people of insight to the existence of life and the meaning of the universe. To solve these propositions should have been the task of the philosopher, but unfortunately the highly developed science makes the philosophy can not keep up. Hawking in the "big design" of the opening that "philosophy is dead" is the meaning.

Hawking hopes to solve the mystery of the birth of the universe, the 1970s, Hawking quantum mechanics applied to explain the phenomenon of black hole, in the next 30 years, with quantum mechanics to explain the universe has become more difficult. Hawking wanted to find a set of theories that could explain the universe as a whole to illustrate the birth of the 13.7 billion years of the universe until now, but it has not been concluded for years even if it is infinitely close. According to his theory of quantum mechanics, the birth of the universe is the big bang produced, which is a compressed infinitely small but with large gravity of the material (also can be understood as the density of infinite) explosion products. The theoretical category of quantum mechanics can not explain how this process is going to be done. Why is it so? Hawking says "that must have a theory that can describe small-scale gravity."

The latest scientific breakthrough is Hawking's colleague, Michael Smith of London's Queen Mary's College (Michael. Green) involved in the construction of the superstring theory, referred to as "string theory", which states that all particles and natural forces are actually in shock In the universe like a small object, to solve the Hawking has always wanted to try to answer the gravity problem, this theory must be established in the universe must have 9,10 or even greater than 11 dimensions, and human beings in the three-dimensional world may only One of the real ones of the universe ...

A large number of scientists around the world are doing experiments in space and earth to prove string theory and from experiments to support Hawking's black hole theory and quantum theory. January 24, 2014, the famous British scientist Professor Stephen Hawking once again with its black hole-related theory shocked the physics, in a recently published paper admitted that "black hole does not exist," but "gray hole" indeed exist. In a paper entitled "Information Preservation and Weather Forecasting For Black Holes", Hawking points out that "black holes do not exist" because they can not find the boundaries of black holes. In order to solve the "firewall" problem in the new theory set "black hole does not exist", it does not really do not exist. The black hole of the boundary, also known as the "horizon", the classic black hole theory that the black hole outside the material and radiation can enter the black hole through the horizon, and any material and radiation within the black hole can not wear out horizons.

Hawking's latest "gray hole" theory that material and energy in the black hole trapped after a period of time, will be re-released into the universe. He admitted in his essay that his initial knowledge of the horizon was flawed, and that light could cross the horizon. When the light flies the black hole core, its movement is like a person running on a treadmill, slowly through the outward radiation and shrink. "The classical black hole theory argues that any matter and radiation can not escape the black hole, and quantum mechanics suggests that energy and information can escape from the black hole." Hawking also pointed out that the interpretation of this escape process requires a gravity And other basic forces of successful integration of the theory. In the past hundred years, no one in physics has tried to explain this process.

For Hawking's "gray hole" theory, some scientists expressed approval, it was skeptical. Joseph Polchinski, a theoretical physicist at the Cuban Institute of Theoretical Physics, points out that according to Einstein's theory of gravity, the boundary of the black hole is present, but it differs from the rest of the universe Not obvious. In fact, as early as 2004, Hawking had made a similar statement. On July 21 of that year, Hawking pointed out at the 17th International Symposium on General Theory of Relativity and Gravitation that the Black Hole was not "completely swallowed" around it, as he and most other physicists had previously thought, Some of the information that is sucked into the depths of the black hole may be released at some point.

In 1973, Hawking said he calculated by the conclusion that the black hole in the formation of the process of its quality reduction, but also continue to be in the form of energy to the outside world radiation. This is the famous Hawking radiation theory, the theory mentioned in the black hole radiation does not include the black hole inside the material of any information, once the black hole is concentrated and evaporated disappear, all of which information will disappear, which is the so-called The "black hole paradox". This theory and quantum mechanics of the relevant theories appear contradictory. Because modern quantum physics finds that this material information is never completely gone.

For more than 30 years, Hawking tried to explain this contradictory view with various speculations. Hawking has said that the quantum movement of the black hole is a special case, because the gravity in the black hole is very strong, quantum mechanics at this time is no longer applicable. Hawking's argument does not convince the scientific community of skeptical scholars. It now appears that Hawking finally gave this year's contradictory view of a more convincing answer. Hawking said the black hole never completely shut itself - Hawking radiation, they in a long period of time gradually to the outside world to radiate more and more heat, then the black hole will eventually open themselves and release the material contained in the information.

On August 16, 1616, Jeff Steinhauer, a professor at the Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, proved the quantum effect of Hawking radiation in a paper published in the journal Nature Physics. He made a sound black hole instead of a light black hole, using a long tube with sound particles, the phonon "horizon". In 2014, Professor Steinhall found that the phonemes were randomly generated in the horizon. In his latest results, Steinhouse proved that these phonons were one of a pair of related phonons, thus proving the quantum effect of Hawking radiation.

April 12, 2016, the famous British physicist Stephen Hawking in New York New World Trade Center Observatory announced a plan called "breakthrough star" plan, with the Russian businessman Yuri Milner, the US social networking site Facebook Founder Zuckerberg collaborated to build a new space exploration project, build a large number of miniature interplanetary spaceships and launch them at half the speed of light to the Centaur Alpha Star. The day was the sixth international manned space day established by the United Nations and the 55th anniversary of the first manned space flight.

Milner said at a press conference that the initial investment in the "Breakthrough Star" program would be $ 100 million to develop a miniature interplanetary spacecraft using laser propulsion and to fly to Centauri in the current generation of time Star of the target.

According to reports, plans to build a miniature interstellar spacecraft called "nano-aircraft", which consists of a "star" computer chip as a hull. Milner at the press conference to show the "star" of the original product. The chip is only two or three centimeters square, a few grams of weight, but integrated camera, photon thruster, navigation and transmission components, is a complete space exploration function of the aircraft, and manufacturing costs only equivalent to an iPhone.

The chip will be installed on the name of "light sail" of the ultra-material cloth Peng, through the ground to launch high-energy laser power to promote, "light sail" can absorb laser energy, driven by micro-spacecraft forward. Because the quality of the spacecraft is very small, there is almost no resistance in space, in the continuous acceleration of the laser, the theoretical calculation shows its speed up to one fifth of the speed of light. If successful, this will allow the spacecraft to arrive near the Earth for about 20 years 4.37 light-year-old Centaurian Alpha Star near. Centaur Alpha Star is one of the closest stars from the solar system, but the existing fastest spacecraft also need to spend 30,000 years to fly there.

"Today, we are determined to take a big step forward in exploring the universe," Hawking said at the press conference, "because we are human beings, longing for flying is our nature.

Chinese experts: Hawking's "spacecraft" is still science fiction

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金，CH，CBE，FRS，FRSA（英语：Stephen William Hawking，1942年1月8日－），英国剑桥大学著名物理学家，被誉为继爱因斯坦之后最杰出的理论物理学家之一。肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症患者，全身瘫痪，不能发音。 1979至2009年任卢卡斯数学教授，是英国最崇高的教授职位之一。著作1973年：（霍金，艾利斯等）《时空的大尺度结构》（The large scale structure of space-time）1988年：《时间简史》（A Brief History Of Time)1993年：《黑洞、婴儿宇宙及其他》（Black Holes And Baby Universes And Other Essays）[12] 2001年：《果壳中的宇宙》（The Universe In A Nutshell）2002年：《在巨人的肩膀上》（On The Shoulders Of Giants. The Great Works of Physics And Astronomy）2005年：《时间简史（普及版）》（及插图版）（A Briefer History Of Time）2005年：《上帝创造整数》（God created the integers）2007年：（与女儿Lucy合作的少儿读物）《乔治的神秘宇宙钥匙》（George's secret key to the Universe），《乔治的宇宙寻宝之旅》（George's cosmic treasure hunt），《乔治与大爆炸》（George and the Big Bang）[13] 2010年：《大设计》（The Grand Design）2013年：《我的简史》（My brief history）

Hawking grew up outside London in an intellectual family. His father was a physician and specialist in tropical diseases; his mother was active in the Liberal Party. He was an awkward schoolboy, but knew from early on that he wanted to study science. He became increasingly skilled in mathematics and in 1958 he and some friends built a primitive computer that actually worked. In 1959 he won a scholarship to Oxford University, where his intellectual capabilities became more noticeable. In 1962 he got his degree with honors and went to Cambridge University to pursue a PhD in cosmology. There he became intrigued with black holes (first proposed by J. Robert Oppenheimer) and "space-time singularities," or events in which the laws of physics seem to break down. After receiving his PhD, he stayed at Cambridge, becoming known even in his 20s for his pioneering ideas and use of Einstein's formulas, as well as his questioning of older, established physicists. In 1968 he joined the staff of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and began to apply the laws of thermodynamics to black holes by means of very complicated mathematics. He published the very technical book, Large Scale Structure of Space-Time but soon afterwards made a startling discovery. It had always been thought that nothing could escape a black hole; Hawking suggested that under certain conditions, a black hole could emit subatomic particles. That is now know as Hawking Radiation. He continued working on the theory of the origin of the universe, and in doing so found ways to link relativity (gravity) with quantum mechanics (the inner workings of atoms). This contributed enormously to what physicists call Grand Unified Theory, a way of explaining, in one equation, all physical matter in the universe. At the remarkably young age of 32, he was named a fellow of the Royal Society. He received the Albert Einstein Award, the most prestigious in theoretical physics. And in 1979, he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, the same post held by Sir Isaac Newton 300 years earlier. There he began to question the big bang theory, which by then most had accepted. Perhaps, he suggested, there was never a start and would be no end, but just change -- a constant transition of one "universe" giving way to another through glitches in space-time. All the while, he was digging into exploding black holes, string theory, and the birth of black holes in our own galaxy. In 1988 Hawking wrote A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes , explaining the evolution of his thinking about the cosmos for a general audience. It became a best-seller of long standing and established his reputation as an accessible genius. He wrote other popular articles and appeared in movies and television. He remains extremely busy, his work hardly slowed by Lou Gehrig's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease that affects muscle control) for which he uses a wheelchair and speaks through a computer and voice synthesizer. "My goal is simple. It is complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all." 有的是引用的,有的是查的