小M回归中
大学英语四级语法指导详解
大学英语四级语法指导(1)
非谓语动词与独立主格：短语，句子(或者句子，短语)
当短语部分有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。
独立主格的结构1：名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]
现在分词表示主动的，正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词，而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。
1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。
独立主格的结构2：with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。
动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;
been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励
短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)
句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的.主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的动词：
第一点：forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;
这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
大学英语四级语法指导(2)
短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)
句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的动词：
第一点：forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;
这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。
动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。
形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
大学英语四级语法指导(3)
动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。
动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。
形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。
大学英语四级语法指导(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 总而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 毕竟，终究;overall 全面的，总体的
in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up总之，总而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由于(相当于since); ever since 自从…以来。
与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：
now that 既然，由于; in that 因为; except that 除…之外。
except后面加名词或代词;except that后面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 连接，附属; This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。
responsible to 对…负有责任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 与。。相反(相违背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失业; out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。
大学英语四级语法指导(5)
1.Mrs. Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.
A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left
be supposed to do sth. 应该(理应)做某事。
2. He’s watching TV? He’s _D_ to be cleaning his room.
A known B considered C regarded D supposed
regard as 把…认作
3. My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied
treat 对待，处理; I’ll treat you. 我请客，应用于真正请客之前。It’s on me. 应用于结帐时。
adjust vt. 调整，调节; adopt vt. 收养，领养; remedy vt. 弥补，补救，修正;
4. A new technique _C_， the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.
A working out B having worked out
C having been worked out D to have been worded out
yields 产量; work out 作出，推出
关于百分数之前介词的用法
increase to 80 percent 增加到80% (增加到用to)
increase by 60 percent增加了60% (表示增加的幅度用by)
5. Between 1974 and 1997， the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.
A by B for C to D in
1. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.
A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed
spoil vt. 宠坏，溺爱
2. When Mr. Jones gets old， he will _B_ over his business to his son.
A take B hand C think D get
take over 接管接收; hand over 移交，交出; think over 仔细考虑; get over 克服，战胜。
3. We had a party last month， and it was a lot of fun， so let’s have _A_ one this month.
A another B more C the other D other
不定代词：1 两者中的一个用one;另一个则用the other; 2 很多东西中的一个用one;
剩下的所有叫the others; 3 很多东西中的一个用one;剩下的所有里面再拿一个叫another;
在剩下的里面再拿一个还叫another(单数概念); 4 很多东西中拿了若干出来用some;
剩下所有叫others; other 后通常要加可数名词的复数形式; more 要用在数词的后面
once more 再来一个(用于很不正式的场合) vravo 再来一个(用于正式场合)
4. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.
A the other B any other C another D other
neither 两者中任意一者都不
5. It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.
A impression B reaction C comment D opinion
reaction n. 反应; reaction to 对…作出反应
爱dele的Vivian
说实在的，英语四级、六级和高中英语的区别不在语法上，而在词汇量和阅读能力上，只要高中英语课上所学过的所有语法知识都会了，并且四级的单词都会了，阅读速度快，过四级很轻松，说不定还会得高分呢！
幸福航海家
大学英语四级常用语法
被动式: 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式.
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
She hated to be flattered.
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
This is bound to be found out.
There are a lot of things to be done.
She was too young to be assigned such work.
功用: 不定式可以作主语 (a), 宾语 (b), 表语 (c), 定语 (d) 或是状语 (e).
a. To scold her would not be just.
b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.
c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.
d. Do you have anything to declare?
e. We have come to learn from you.
不带to 的不定式:
在“动词+ 宾语+不定式”结构中, 如果动词是表示感觉意义的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示“致使”意义的 have, make, let等, 其后的不定式结构不带to.
John made her tell him everything.
这类结构转换为被动语态时, 后面的不带to 的不定式一般还原为带to 的不定式.
She was made to tell him everything.
在 had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might (just) as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 动词不定式也不带to.
I'd rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.
They cannot but accept his term.
在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不带to的动词不定式.
John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.
I've heard tell of him.
在动词help(或help +宾语)之后可用不带to的不定式, 也可用带to的不定式.
Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?
在介词except, but 之后, 如果其前有动词do的`某种形式, 不定式一般不带to, 反之带to.
There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.
Smith will do anything but work on a farm.
There's no choice but to wait till it stops raining.
连词 rather than, sooner than 置于句首时, 其后的不定式不带to.
Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.
出现在句中其他位置时, 其后的不定式有时带to, 有时不带to.
He decided to write rather than telephone.
The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.
用作补语的动词不定式, 如果主语是由“all + 关系分句”，“thing +关系分句”，“what分句”或“thing +不定式结构”等构成，并带有do的某种形式，这时，作为主语补语的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.
What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing.
All you do now is complete the form
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.
The thing to do now is clear up this mess.
The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 总而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 毕竟，终究;overall 全面的，总体的
in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up总之，总而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由于(相当于since); ever since 自从…以来。
与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：
now that 既然，由于; in that 因为; except that 除…之外。
except后面加名词或代词;except that后面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 连接，附属; This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。
responsible to 对…负有责任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 与。。相反(相违背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失业; out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。
