it英语用法

英语语法学习笔记——IT的用法1、人称代词ITIT一般指物不指人，但可指小孩、婴儿和团体等。IT用于成人，有轻蔑的含义。For example: Would you like to marry Malcom? Fancy being owned by that! Fancy seeing it every day!2、指示代词IT作为指示代词时，IT可以指人。For example: Who is it？（是谁呀？）3、非人称代词IT(1)指时间For example: I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought.(2)指距离For example: How far is it from your office to the bank?It was a long journey to that part of the country.(3)指天气等自然现象For example: Now it is clearing up, and a sparrow is beginning to chirp. It’s damp and cold. I thingk it’s going to rain.4、IT用于前指或后指(1)前指For example: ---They lost the game. ---Yes, so I hear. Isn’t it a shame?(2) 后指For example: It’s seems so full of comfort and of strength, the night. Though no one knew it, it was the last time he would be present at the bank.注：代词it指代if或when等引导的状语从句时，既可前指，也可后指。5、非确指的IT有时，it所指代的是什么，要看上下文来确定。这种IT即所谓的非确指的it（Unspecified it）。For example: 1.How’s it going with you? (你近况如何?)2.Does it itch much? (很痒痒吗?)3.Where does it hurt? (哪儿痛?)4.Now you are in for it. (你现在可倒霉了!)5.It says in the Bible: Thou shalt not steal. (圣经上说:不许偷窃。)6.Hand it all, we can’t wait all day for him. (见鬼!我们不能整天等他呀.)7.We had a nice time of it. (我们玩得很好。)8.There is nothing else for it but to stand. (没有办法，只好忍受。)9.You never had it so good. (日子过得从来没有这样好。)10.Take it easy. (不要紧张。)6、IT在习惯用语中一些含有IT的习惯用语需要牢记，以下是一般对方都熟知的，无须要明确指出来。For example: 1.Cab it (乘车)2.brave it out (拼命干到底)3.walk it (步行)4.go it alone (单枪匹马地干)5.beat it (走，滚)6.make it (办成功)7.come it (尽自己之分内事情)8.come it strong (做得过分)9.lord it over (欺压)10.take it (猜想，以为，断定；[口][常与 can, be able to 连用]忍受得住(痛苦、批评、困难, 嘲笑等))11.take it out of somebody (拿某人出气)12.have it out with somebody (与某人讲个明白)13.be hard put to it (在艰难之中)14.Is that it? (你就要我做这些吗？= Is that all you wanted me for? )15.You’re it. (你是下一个)7、引词IT（1）IT用做引词A.形式主语a.真实主语为不定式For example: It was his duty to attend to the matter. (处理那事是他的责任)It was not within my power to answer the question. (我无能力回答这个问题)b.真实主语为不定式复合结构For example: It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living. (懒汉谋生是日益困难了)What time would it be most convenient for me to call again? (何时我再给你打电话最合适?)It’s very good of you to have listened to me. (感谢你,能听我讲.)It’s very thoughtful and kind of you to offer me this lovely holiday. (您能给我这么美好的假日实在是想得太周到和太友善了)c.真实主语为动名词For example: It’s no use saying any more about what I think. (我如何想的再说也没有用了.)Do you think it’s worth while quarrelling with me? (你认为与我吵架值得吗?)d.真实主语为动名词复合结构For example: It has been a great honor your coming to visit me. (你的来访是我很大的荣幸.)It would have been so bad her overhearing. (她如果偷听到那就糟糕了.)I’m afraid it vexes her my having brought Roly.(我恐怕我带罗力来使她生气了)e.真实主语为主语从句For example: It seems that he is rich.. (看起来他很富有.)It doesn’t matter what you do.（你干什么都没有关系）It was clear enough what she meant.（她的意思十分清楚）He was an old man, and it did not matter much where he lived.（他年事已高，在哪儿居住都无所谓）It’ a pity he doesn’t swim. (他不会游泳，真遗憾)B.形式宾语a.真实宾语为不定时For example: I find it easy enough to get on with Pam.. (我觉得与帕姆相处很容易.)I would think it worth while to go.（我认为去是值得的.）He thought it best to be on his guard. (他认为他最好还是要警惕.)He made it a rule to speak in Parliament at least once every session. (他规定自己在议会每次开会时至少发言一次.)He felt it his duty to mention the fact to Mr. Otis. (他觉得把事实告诉奥蒂斯先生是他的职责)b.真实主语为动名词For example: You must find it exciting working here.. (你一定会发现在此工作是很令人兴奋的.)I think it very unwise going on as we are without definite agreement.（我认为我们没有明确的协议就进行是不明智的.）He find it a great privation not being allowed to smoke there. (他觉得在那里不能吸烟对他是一大痛苦.)注：以上例句皆可不用形式宾语，可改写为：You must find working here exciting.I think going on as we are without definite agreement very unwise.He found not being allowed to smoke there a great privation.c.真实宾语为宾语从句For example: I think it best that you should stay here. (我认为你最好留在这里.)I used to feel it a terrible thing that my mother should have to toil so endlessly. （我曾老觉得母亲不得不无休止地操劳是一件可怕的事情.）I take it you have been out. (我想你出去过了.)I took it for granted that you would stay with us. (我认为你当然会留在我们这里的.)I have it on my conscience that I offended you. (我心里老嘀咕着我得罪了你)They kept it quiet that he was dead. (对于他的死他们没有透露一丝口风。)（2）引词IT用于强调结构中①英语中常用的强调结构是：“It is （was）+被强调的部分（主语、宾语或状语）+ who（that）…”。一般说来，被强调部分指人时用who，指物时用that（但that亦可指人）。注意：强调结构在强调状语时，只可用that从句，不可用which。For example: John wore his best suit to the dance last night.（约翰昨晚他穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会）It was John who (that) wore his best suit to the dance last night.It was his best suit (that) John wore to the dance last night.It was last night (that) John wore his best suit to the dance.It was to the dance that John wore his best suit last night.②强调结构也可强调短语和从句(包括because，only when，who，whom，whose，that，which等引导的从句)。For example: I suspected it was on her orders that you were bringing him here.（我怀疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他带到这儿来的）It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday. (我昨天是由于想买一本字典而进城的。)It is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscious of how much you value them（只有你差一点失去某一个人时，你才会充分意识到你是多么珍视他们。）It must be your mother who (whom, that) you are thinking of.（你在想的一定是你的母亲。）It was your brother to whom I offered a dollar for his knife yesterday.（我昨天给了你兄弟1元钱买他的小刀。）It is Uncle Bill whose address I lost.（比尔叔叔的地址我丢了。）It deserves attention that it is especially the verb to do which is often found in the active voice.（应该注意, 特别是行为动词常用在主动语态中。）③表语与宾语补语偶尔也可为被强调的部分。但通常情况下，表语一般不可用作被强调的部分。For example: It was a doctor that he eventually became.（他最后成了一个医生）It’s dark green that we’ve painted the kitchen.（我们把厨房漆成了深绿色）④强调结构的时态一般应该一致。但也有例外的例子。For example: It is not I who am angry.（发怒的不是我。）I was my two sisters who knew her best（是我的两个姐妹最了解他。）I will not be you who will have to take the blame for this.（对此受责难的将不是你。）For exceptional example: It is Miss Williams who enjoyed reading novels as a pastime. (是威廉姆斯小姐以读小说来消遣。)It is these very novels that Miss Williams enjoyed reading as a pastime.（威廉姆斯小姐作为消遣所读的小说就是这些。）⑤强调结构不但可以用于独立句中，也可以用在从句之中。For example: It deserves attention that it is especially the verb to do which is often found in the active voice.（应该注意, 特别是行为动词常用在主动语态中。）I suspected it was on her orders that you were bringing him here.（我怀疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他带到这儿来的）He told me that it was liberation that brought about a complete change in his life. （他告诉我是解放才使他的生活有了翻天覆地的变化。）⑥强调结构中的that 与who在非正式文体中可以省略。有时还可以省去句首的It is （was）。For example: I suspected it was on her orders you were bringing him here.（我怀疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他带到这儿来的）A good, honest trade you are learning, Sir Peter! （彼得爵士，你学得是一种很好而诚实的一行啊！）⑦强调结构中的被强调部分有时可放在句首。For example: Now was it that his life was done, and the fate which he could not escape was upon him.（就在这时，他的生命完结了，他所逃脱不了的命运降临了。）⑧It is（was）之后可有一个以上的被强调部分。For example: It was she who was lying in the corridor and the stranger who bent over her. “Did I faint?” she asked.（是她躺在过道上，是那个陌生人在俯视她。“我晕倒了吗？”她问道。）说明：以上是我学习这部分知识时，总结的笔记，若用得上，可要赏分啊

it作人称代词，可用来代替人、物或事。接下来，我给大家准备了it在英语里的用法,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。

it在英语里的用法

Who is knockingat the door?—It's me谁在敲门?是我 。

The ant is not gathering1 this food for itself alone. Ithas two stomachs in its body.蚂蚁不只 是为自己采食。 它的身体里有两个胃。

When service is interrupted2, as it was by last night'sstorm, John has to inform the pu blic what the company isdoing about the problem.每当供电中断时，就像昨夜因暴风雨而造成的那样 ，约翰就必须通知大家，公司为解决这个问题正在做些什么。

二、作非人称代词，表示时间、天气、季节、距离、环境等。

It is tea time. Mrs Tuner goes into the kitchen.到了喝茶的时间了，特纳夫人走进了厨房。

It was winter. it was ten degree below zero.现在是冬天，气温是零下10度。

It is only half an hour walk to the tall tower. 只有半小时的路程就可以到达高塔了。

It will be lovely in the park today.今天公园里一定很好玩。

三、作先行词。

1.作形式主语。英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句在作主语时主语往往显得很长，使整 个 句子 看上去有点 头重脚轻，这样就借助“it”来作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语移到句 子后边去，使全句看上去平稳一些。 “it”没有实际的意义。

It is fun for her to study, but it is difficult to studyand work at the same time.对于她来说学 习是有趣的，可是要边工作边学习对她来说是困难的。

It is necessary for them to get an electrician3 to do thework for them.对他们来说请一位电工来为他们做这项工作是必要的。

It will be no good learning4 without practice. 学习而不实践是不好的。

It is no use talking to him about it.和他谈这事没用。

It is possible that they're finished the bridge.他们完成这座桥是可能的。

It is important that we should learn from each other andhelp each other.我们应当互 相学 习，互相帮助，这是很重要的。

2.作形式宾语。这种情况通常只用于能带以名词或形容词作宾语补语的动词后面。

In the 1870's, when Marx was already in his fifties, hefound it important to study the si tuation in Russia, so hebegan to learn Russian.在19世纪70年代，马克思已经五十几岁了，他觉得研 究俄国的形势很重要，便开始学习俄语。

This has made it necessary for agriculture and industryto develop very quickly.这就使得工 农业必须飞速发展。

四、构成强调句型。为了强调句子的某一成分，把引导词“it”用在句首，这种强调句 的结构是“It is (was )+所强调的成分(主语、宾语、状语)+that…”，表达的意思为“是…， 正是…，就是…”。“it ”在这种句型中本身没什么实际意义。

My temperature! It's my back that hurts.我的体温!是我的背痛。

It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. 决不只有盲人才犯这样愚蠢的错误。

这里需要说明的是：如被强调的是人，则后面用who或that，如被强调的是物或其他 情况，则用that。

It was yesterday that I met Bob in your room. 我就是昨天在你的房间遇见鲍勃的。

It was in your room that I met Bob yesterday. 我就是在你的房间昨天遇见鲍勃的。

It was Bob that I met in your room yesterday. 昨天我在你房间遇见的就是鲍勃。

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这个it的用法总结的很好，不是我自己总结的，是一份资料上的，刚好拷给你。如果还有疑问可以继续追问哈。1.It is+被强调部分+that该句型是强调句型，将被强调的放在前面，其他部分置于之后，强调的主语如果是人，可以用来替换，如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子，这也是判断强调句型与其他从句的方法。It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.It was with great joy ___he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004 福建) A. because B. which C. since D. that (D) 2. It is not until +被强调的部分+ that 该句型译成汉语“直到……才”，可以说是的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star. =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star. =I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was ___back home after the experiment. (2004 湖北) A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go (C) 3. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain) that….该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然、真的、肯定）”是主语从句最常见的结构。It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.=That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.4. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural…) that…该句型和上一句同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形）should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。It is important that we (should) learn English well.It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.5. It is said (reported, learned…) that…该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉……）It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.6. It is suggested (ordered…) that…该句型和上一句属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求、建议、命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气 （should+动词原形）。可以省略，常译为“据建议；有命令……”It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.7. It is a pity (a shame…) that …在该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾。It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遗憾！8. It is time (about time, high time) that…该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是：常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should+动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）……的时候……”It is time that children should go to bed. =It is time that children went to bed.9. It is the first (second, …)time that…该句型应和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用哪种完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态来决定。如果是一般现在时，从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this替换，常译为“是第一（二,…）次…”。10. It is …since…该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时和完成时，引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.It is almost five years ___we saw each other last time. (2005 北京) A. before B. since C. after D. when(B)11. It is …when…该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，是……”It was 5 o’clock when he came here.12. It be…before…该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态，主句中的表语多是long ,not long ,3 days, 2 weeks等表示时间段的词和短语。常译为“…之后才”，“没过……就……”It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will not be long before he finishes his job.13. It happens (seems, looks, appears) that…该句型中的it 是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street. (碰巧……)It seems that he will be back in a few days. (看来……)The Foreign Minister said, “___our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京) A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is (D) 14. It takes sb…to do sth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……要花费某人……”It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.15．It is no good (use) doing sth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是 no good (not any good), no use (not any use ).It is no good learning English without speaking English.16. It doesn’t matter whether…该句型中的引导的从句是真正的主语，该句型译为“不论（是否）……没关系……It doesn’t matter whether they are old.17．It is kind (of sb) to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引出，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语的形容词。常见的有：bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish good (好心的),honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的),polite, rude, silly, stupid ,wise ,wrong等。这个句型可以改写为sb.is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to stay so =You are kind to say so.18. It is necessary (for sb) to do sth 该句型与上一句统属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for 引出的，主句的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：Important,necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,grape, impossible, pleasant.等。It is important for her to come to the party. =It is important that she (should) come to the party.19. It looks (seems) as if …该句型中it 无意义。As if 引导一个状语从句，常译为：“看起来好像……”如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。It looks as if he is ill. （真的病了） It looks as if he was ill. （事实上没有生病）It seemed as if he was dying.20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“7123结构”7指主句中的常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel, take.1指的是形式宾语it .2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. XiaoLi felt it important learning English well.They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.-Do you like ____here? -Oh, yes .The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004 全国卷二) A. this B. these C. that D. it (D)有什么疑问还可以问我，我一直在线。