Blackstar01234
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致,语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致,意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致,就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。
主谓一致( Subject-Verb Concord )
就其在现代语法中的基本原则而言,通常有三个不同角度的着眼点:1,语法一致 2,意义一致 3,就近原则。
(1)语法一致
主谓一致的原则是指,主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:
主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语必须采取复数形式。
例如:
A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。(主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式)
(2)不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Reading often means learning .读书常意味是学习。
(3)不定代词及each作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。
(4)表示国家,机构,事件,作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。
(5)a series of,a kind of,the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出。
(6)由some,several,both,few,many,a number of 等词修饰主语,或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。
例如:
Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛.
(7)由and连接两个主语时,如指同一人或物,谓语用单数;指不同的人或物,谓语用复数.
On the seashore,some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun. 海边,有些人在打排球,有些人躺着晒太阳.
(8)有些短语,如:a lot of,most of,any of,half of,three fifths of,eighty percent of,some of,none of,the rest of,all of等后接不可数名词,或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。
例如:
A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off. 昨天突然断电时,那家商店丢失了许多钱.
(9)主语为单数个不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句时,谓语动词一般用单数。
(10)主语为三单,或习惯用作单数名词或不可数名词的词,如:money,information,clothing等,谓语动词用单数。
意义一致(Notional Concord )
这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题.有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。
(1)当主语后面接由as well as,as much as,accompanied by,including,in addition to,more than,no less than,rather than,together with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。
在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状语.也就是说,我们完全可以将这些词组搬到句首或是放到句末去.从表面上我们也可以看出,它们与主语之间有","隔开。
例如:
Petroleum,along with fuel gas,has recently risen in price.目前石油和燃料煤气的价格上涨了。
(2)表示时间,金钱,距离,体积,重量,面积,数字等词语作主语时,其意义若是指总量应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果其意义是指"有多少数量"则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
例如:
Four weeks are often approximately regarded as one month.人们常大约地将四个星期看成一个月。
(3)形容词前加定冠词即"the + 形容词"作主语时,其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果其意义是指一类人则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
例如:
The young,on the one hand,often think of the old conservative. On the other hand,the old always consider the young inexperience.一方面,青年人常认为老年人保守;另一方面,老年人总是认为青年人没有经验。
(4)当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人,同一物,同一事或者同一概念时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.另外,当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时,其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
例如:
War and peace is a constant theme in history. 战争与和平是一个历史上的永恒的主题.
(5)集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义:主语表示整体时视为单数,谓语动词用单数;主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数,谓语动词用复数.这类集体名词常见的有:
army,audience,cattle,class,club,committee,crowd,family,government,group,majority,minority,part,people,police,public,staff,team等等,其中cattle,people,police一般看成复数形式.
例如:
The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球.
就近原则(Principle of Proximity )
这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or,either… or …,neither… nor …,not only… but also …等.例如:
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.不是我,就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任。
Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.既不是那些不友好的话,也不是那不友好的态度让我沮丧。
1、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。
如:
A young man and a girl want to go there.一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里。
2、但如果在意义上指同一个人,同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式.如:
A needle and thread was found on the floor.在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。
当each ...and each...,every...and every...,no...and no...,many a...and many a...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.
如:
No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.在月球上没发现人和动物。
3、一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词一
般用复数.
如:
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程。
但如果表示的是同一概念时应用单数。
如:
The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.14课是最后一课也是最难的一课。
4、由not only... but also ...,either...or ...,neither... nor...,... or...连接的并列主语,谓语动词通常依就近一致原则决定.
如:
Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat.不是运动员就是教练应该对这次比赛的失利负责。
5、当主语由as well as,along with,together with,ratherthan,no less than,but,except,besides,in additionto,like,including等词连接时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。
如:
An iron and steal works,with some satellite factories. is to be built here.在这里将建立一个钢铁厂和一些卫星厂。
参考资料来源:百度百科-主谓一致
仟木源家居
1 定义 1.1 在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,就叫主谓一致。 2 用法三原则 2.1 语法一致原则 2.1.1 主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。如:The number of books he has surprises us all. (主语为单数形式的number) / Jack and I are good friends. (主语为复数形式的Jack and I) 2.2 意义一致原则 2.2.1 主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。如:The team are all from South China. (team虽为单数形式,但意指全体队员,所以谓语用复数) 2.2.2 主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。如:Physics is his favourite subject. (physics虽为复数形式,但意指物理学科,所以谓语用单数) 2.3 就近原则 2.3.1 谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or,either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如:Neither he nor they are able to finish the job on time. / Neither they nor he is able to finish the job on time. 3 代词作主语 3.1 名词性物主代词作主语时,既可以用作单数,也可以用作复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如:Your trousers are black and mine are yellow. / Your pencil is long and mine is short. 3.2 such, the same起指示代词作用时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如:Such is his idea. / Such are his words. 3.3 关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:He who is standing under the tree is my father. / The students who are standing under the tree are from America. 3.4 疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如:Which apple do you like? / Which apples do you like? 3.5 不定代词any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主语时,谓语多用单数。有时也用复数,要看不定代词所指是否为复数。如:All has changed here. / All are present for the meeting now. 4 数词或表量的名词作主语 4.1 “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语,例如:Lots of deputies will be invited to the conference. / Lots of milk was dumped as waste during the Depression. 4.2 a great deal of只能后接不可数名词,谓语用单数形式。如:A great deal of money has been invested in building the new road. 4.3 表示数量的one and a half后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,例如:One and a half teaspoonfuls is just enough for me. 其中,one and a half teaspoonfuls也可以表达为:one teaspoonful and a half。 4.4 a number of(许多)与the number of(...的数量)。两者都是后接可数名词的复数,但前者的谓语用复数形式,后者的谓语用单数形式。如:A number of teachers went on strike yesterday. / The number of the teachers who went on strike yesterday was amazing. 4.5 an amount of(许多)与the amount of(...的数量)。两者只能后接不可数名词,而且谓语都用单数形式。如:An amount of water is wasted every year. / The amount of water which is wasted every year is amazing. 5 名词作主语 5.1 某些集体名词作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The group is a happy one. / The group are on holiday now. 5.2 某些集体名词,如people, police, cattle等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。如:The cattle are what they rely on for a living. 5.3 单、复数同形的名词主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如:A deer is wandering in the bush. / Deer are claimed to be the king's property. 5.4 名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等,作主语时,动词一般用单数。如:The butcher's is just around the corner. 5.5 不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:Each boy and each girl wants to go for an outing in the woods. 5.6 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等+名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:A pair of shoes is a must for everyone. 5.7 当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。如:Five kilometers is a long way to go for school. 5.8 如果主语有more than one…或many a…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。但是,“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如:Many a book has been sold out these days. / More books than one have been sold out these days. 5.9 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:Between the two rivers lies a small village. 5.10 用and或both…and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式。但是,并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如:Jack and Mary are both from France. / A knife and fork is a must for a meal in America. 5.11 当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数由这些单词或短语前的名词或代词的单复数来决定。如:The teacher as well as the students is ready for the trip. 5.12 以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词(代词)作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如:Either Tim or his brothers have to water the garden. / Either his brothers or Tim has to water the garden. 6 名词化的形容词或过去分词作主语 6.1 如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数。如:The poor are not inferior to the rich before law. 6.2 少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。如:The departed was a very good neighbour. 7 从句作主语 7.1 由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式,例如:What we need is more fresh water. / What we need are more children's books. 7.2 在“one of+复数名词++who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式。但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如:It is one of the most boring films that have been made. / It is the only one of the films that interests me.
豌豆大晟
在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定,则要看句子的意思。多数情况下,根据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的则要看整句的意思,及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。还未学习过主谓一致上篇的同学戳此去看哦>>12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience(听众,观众), government等作主语时,如看作是一个整体,谓语动词则用单数形式;如强调各个成员时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:1)My family is going to have a long journey. 我家要进行一次长途旅行。2)My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜欢音乐。3)The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。4)The class were jumping for joy. 全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时,既可表示复数意义,也可表示单数意义,谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如:1)All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。2)All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。3)Most of the wood was used to make furniture(家具)。14、the + 形容词(或分词)作主语时,常指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念,谓语动词则用单数形式。如:1)The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。2)The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)连接的是主语,谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如:1)Either you or I am going to the movies.2)Not only you but also he is wrong.16、不可数名词没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:1)Water is a kind of matter.2)The news at six o’clock is true.17、集合名词如:people, police, cattle等作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:1)The police are searching for him.2)The cattle are grassing(吃草).18、population当人口讲时,谓语动词用单数形式;当人们讲时,谓语动词用复数。如:1)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.2)One third of the population here are workers.19、the number of + 名词复数,是表示“……的数字”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;a (large/great) number of + 名词复数,表示许多,作主语时;谓语动词用复数形式。1)The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.2)A number of students have gone for an outing.20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
小可爱mmd22
主谓一致的基本原则1) 语法一致原则The boy has failed his exams and will have to take them again.2) 意义一致原则The police are still in search of the murderer.3) 就近原则Neither Jane’s mother nor her father is at home.2. 以-s结尾的名词作主语大部分以-s结尾的名词是复数含义The goods are to be delivered soon.但也有一些以-s结尾的名词是单数含义The United States is a melting pot3) 表示山脉、海峡等的复数形式的地理名词,动词为复数形式。一些以-s结尾的名词单数和复数形式相同。Every means has been tried out.3. 集合名词作主语1) 有些集合名词永远为复数含义,动词为复数形式。The police have closed the case.2) 有些集合名词永远为抽象含义,动词为单数形式。The merchandise is attractively displayed and the assistants are friendly and helpful.3) 既能作复数,又能作单数的集合名词。My family are taking separate vacations.His family is a big one.4. 一词多义的名词作主语一些名词同时具有几种含义,单复数意义也不同。His arm is brokenThe nuclear arms have been disposed of. 5.熟记规则,多看原文,对照分析,仔细琢磨。
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