雨兰共舞
练习：
1.The country says that the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip industry.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
3.Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
6.Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
答案与题解：
1.B本题给出的信息是错误的。最后一段说到，如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的被动形势中起重要作用，该国认为：“... the US $14 million investment is still rather small”。
2.C文章没有提供这方面的信息。
3.B文章提到专利费较高，此句说较低，与原意不符。
4.A本题给出的信息是正确的。第二段有这样一句话：Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.这就是选A的依据。
5.C文章没有提供这方面的信息。
6.A选A的依据是第三段第一句：... mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years ...
7.B本题给出的信息是错误的。第四段第二句说明，这些芯片工厂的技术主要是从日本和新加坡进口的。
译文：微芯片研究中心成立
为了开发先进的微芯片生产技术，这个远东国家建立了一个研究中心，该中心启动资金为一千四百万美元，可以帮助该国开发自己的芯片工业，不必总是依赖于进口技术。
该中心将会应用自己的研究技术和设施，为本国芯片厂家开发新技术。这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的.技术的困境。由于许多外国政府担心先进技术会被用于军事目的，不允许这个国家的芯片生产厂家进口前沿技术，所以这些生产厂家处于一种被动局面。另外，由于这些芯片生产厂家必须向技术提供者支付高额的许可费，这也构成了他们决定要自力更生的一个重要原因。
由于主流芯片生产技术每隔 3～5年就要进行更新换代，所以掌握了新技术的厂家就可以以较低的成本制造出较好的芯片，而那些耗费数十亿美元建立起的厂家，如果设备落后，也将会被生产商所淘汰。
几个芯片厂正在建立之中，每个厂的造价都在几百万美元，其中大部分资金都流向了海外设备商和技术所有者——主要是日本和新加坡。
如果新建的芯片中心能在改变该国芯片行业的被动形势中起到重要作用，该国承认，一千四百万美元的投资仍是微不足道的。该国正在开发综合技术，大部分投资将用于与技术和知识产权所有者建立联盟。
Text three
The Biology of Music
Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers.
What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people). However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments. 1
Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music?
If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.
Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don’t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer，had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand，sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.
By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa)， it may be a way of showing off.
However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists，this is clearly an area that needs further research.
词汇：
automatically .自动地
note 音符
stroke 中风
注释：
1.It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments：人研制出了乐器，而动物则不能。Develop：研制，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer.科学家们正在研发新药用以治疗癌症。
练习：
1.Humans, but not animals, can sing.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
2.People can use music to communicate their emotions.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
3.We use the same part of the brain for music and language.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
4.Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
5.It’s hard for humans to compose music.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
6.Memory is not an important part in singing in tune.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
7.Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans.
ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
答案与题解：
1.B第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people).可以看出有些动物会唱歌，而不只人类会唱歌。
2.A第三段的第三句：However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions.这句清楚表明，人们可以用音乐来表达情感。
3.B第四段说明：科学证明人们用大脑的不同区域处理语言和音乐。在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子进一步说明人脑处理语言和音乐的位置不同，Shebalin中风以后不能讲话也听不懂别人的话，但他却能创作乐曲。
4.A第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College，London，thinks that music and love have a strong connection.这句说明Miller对音乐和爱(情感)的关系进行了研究，他得出的结论是：音乐和爱有密切的关联。
5.C文中没有提及创作乐曲是否困难。
6.B第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes.此句说明必须具备好的记忆力记音符才能唱得符合调子。
7.A最后一段讲的是：科学家们需要做更多的研究才能解释为什么有些声音影响我们的情感会如此之深。也就是说，科学家不能全部解释音乐对人类的影响。
译文：音乐生物学
人们把音乐作为一种高效的交流方式，在爱情中它也可能会起到重要的作用。但是音乐是什么?它又是如何起到神奇的效果?科学界还没有给出答案。
哪两项事物使得人类不同于动物?一个是语言，另一个是音乐。当然一些动物会唱歌 (并且许多鸟唱得比很多人都好听) ，但是，动物的歌声是有限的，比如鸟类和鲸鱼。同样，是人类而不是动物开发出了乐器。
音乐是个奇怪的东西，它与语言有明显的不同。但是，人们能够用音乐去传达——尤其是情感。当音乐与歌曲中的语言结合在一起的时候，它就是一种强有力的表达方式。但是，从生物学来讲，音乐是什么?
如果音乐与语言真的不同，那么我们应该在大脑的不同区域内对音乐和语言进行加工处理，科学证据也证实了这一点。
有时，受过脑损伤的人会丧失他们处理语言的能力。但是，他们不会自动地丢失音乐才能。比如，维沙翁·舍巴林，一位苏联作曲家，在1953 年得了中风。他的大脑的左半边受到损害，他再也不能说话或是理解别人的话，但是他仍然能够谱曲，直到十年后他离开人世。另一方面，中风有时会使人们丧失音乐能力，但是他们仍然能够说话也能听懂别人的话。这就说明大脑是分别加了处理音乐和语言的。
通过研究音乐在人身体上的物理效应，科学家也了解到许多关于音乐是如何影响情感的。但是，为什么音乐对我们有如此强烈的影响?这是一个更难回答的问题。伦敦大学学院的研究员杰弗里·米勒认为音乐和爱有紧密的关，音乐需要特殊才能、练习和体能。这也许是一种方式让你展示你适合做某人的伴侣。比如，按调唱歌或者弹奏乐器需要有很好的肌肉控制力。你也需要有好的记忆力来记住音符。能正确地演奏或者唱出这些音符也证明你的听力也非常好。所以，当一个男人唱给他心爱的女人时(反之亦然) 音乐就可能成为一种展示的方式。
然而，米勒的理论仍然不能解释为什么声音的特定结合可以深深地影响我们的情感。对于科学家来说，这显然是一个需要深入研究的领域。
幽深的猫巷
17. Personality Listening: You become so concerned with the way the speaker looks or how he talks that what he says fails to penetrate. Perhaps unconsciously you decide that a person who dresses or speaks like that can't have much to say. That could be a very false conclusion. Who knows what you may be missing? It's the old story: you can't judge a gift by the package. Better to judge him after you have heard him out.
17、关注个人式聆听(Personality Listening)(8)：过分关注讲话者的长相(the speaker looks)或是他说话的方式(how he talks)，那么他所说的内容(what he says)就很难入心(fail to penetrate)。也许你会下意识地(unconsciously)认为这样穿着或这样讲话的人(a person who dresses or speaks like that)不会说出什么有见地的话来(can’t have musch to say)。这样的结论实属错误(这可能会是一个非常错误的结论)。谁能知道你会错过什么?俗话说(it’s the old story)，不要从包装来判断礼物的价值(人不可貌相)。最好在倾听完(hear out)之后再作评价。
18. Half-An-Ear Listening: Often other sounds compete for your attention-and win. Your father gives you a list of errands. But his voice must compete with, say, your favorite song on the radio. Later, you find that half an ear wasn't enough. You didn't listen to your father's words closely enough to hear and remember them. You have to telephone home for a repeat performance. And you can't really blame your father for being irritated. Better to turn off the radio, shut the door on competing noises, if possible. If not, guard against your tendency to listen to distracting sounds.
18、半个耳朵式聆听(Half-An-Ear Listening)(9)：常常会有其他的声音来吸引(compete for)你的注意力--还占了上风。比如，父亲正在给你交待要办的事情(a list of errands)，他的声音不得不与收音机里传来的你最喜欢的歌声相抗衡(compete with)。后来你发现这样“半个耳朵听”根本不行，因为你没有听到并记住父亲的话，于是只能打电话回家再次询问。你实在不能责怪父亲为此发火(irritated)。如果可能，最好关掉收音机、关上门挡住繁杂的噪音(把吸引你的声音关在门外)。如果不可能，管住你自己不要被这些声音所吸引。
19. So there are the forces-some within ourselves, some outside-that work against us in our efforts to listen. But once we learn what they are and how to fight them, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits.
19、所以，某些因素(-既有内在的，也有外在的-)总是阻碍(work against)我们去全力倾听。然而，一旦认识了它们并了解如何去克服，在聆听时我们就一定能够改掉(get rid of)这些耗时低效的坏习惯。
练习：
1.Yet it has been proved that most of us are guilty____ one to nine bad listening faults.
A from of B of from C in from D from in
2. But apparently the words had ____ right off her ears.
A bind B bound C bounded D bounced
3. There are about nine ways of listening that net us ____ but trouble.
A anything B something C nothing D one thing
4. Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dr. Nichols, you must _____ guilty to several of the following bad listening habits.
A please B plead C pleasure D plus
5. Without warning, they have taken ____ your mind entirely.
A place B over C off D down
6. So what to do to keep daydream from _____ in?
A filtering B filling C filled D feeling
7. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming ___.
A broad-minded B narrow-minded C mindful D strong-minded
8. You pretend _____ close attention, but you are thinking something else.
A giving B to giving C to be giving D to be given
9. Your eyes give you ____, if your absent-minded answers don’t.
A up B in C away D off
10. If you let the words enter your mind, you may be surprised to discover that they make ____.
A sense B sensible C sensitive D sensation
11. But while you are busy _____facts A, B, and C in your mind, you are losing out facts D and E.
A to plant B planting C plant D to planting
12. You are unable ____ fully on listening.
A to contribute B to concentrate C to conclude D to concern
13. Where note-taking is necessary---and you may be surprised to find out ____ it isn’t if you concentrate fully on listening---try to jot down only a memory-jogging word or two.
A how much B how often C how many D how old
14. You become so concerned with the way the speaker looks or how he talks ____ ___ he says fails to penetrate.
A so, what B that, which C so, that D that, what
15. Your father’s voice must compete _____ your favorite song on the radio _____ your attention.
A for, for B for, with C with, for D with, of
16. And you can’t really blame your father for ______.
A irritate B being irritating C irritating D being irritated
17. Once we learn what they are and how to fight them, we are well on our way to ___ wasteful listening habit.
A get rid of B rid of C getting rid of D be got rid of
答案： 1B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6A 7B 8C 9C 10A11B 12B 13B 14D 15C 16D 17C
