英语缩略句

在词典里，无论是手机词典还是传统的词典书，我们一定会遇到一种叫做“缩略词”的的东西。它们要么表示各种词性、要么对词条加以说明性注释。了解这些缩略词的含义，可以更好的帮助我们理解词条。下面是我为您收集整理的英语词典中的那些缩略语，供大家参考!

英语词典中的那些缩略语

一. 各种表示词性(part of speech)的缩略语

n.[C] 或 CN=countablenoun 可数名词

n.[U] 或 UN=uncountable noun 不可数名词

v.[T] 或 vt=transitiveverb 及物动词

v.[I] 或 vi=intransitive verb 不及物动词

a 或 adj=adjective 形容词

ad 或 adv=adverb 副词

conj=conjunction 连接词

prep=preposition 介词

pron=pronoun 代词

int=interjection 感叹词

abbr=abbreviation 缩写，缩略语

二. 各种对词条加以说明的注释性缩略语

esp=especially 尤指;尤用于

usu=usually 通常作

pl=prural 复数形式

sing=singular 单数形式

pers pron=personal pronoun 人称代词

attrib=attributive 用作定语

pred=predicative 用作表语

pref=prefix 前缀

suff=suffix 后缀

neg=negative 否定式

euph=euphemistic 委婉语

fig=figurative 比喻用法

idm=idiom 习语

fml=formal 正式用语;书面语

infml=informal 通俗用语;口语

ironic 讽刺用语;反语

joc=jocular 戏谑语

compar=comparative form 比较级

superl=superlative form 最高级

approv=approving褒义

derog=derogatory贬义

app=appendix 附录

dialect 方言

sl=slang 俚语

taboo避讳语

non-standard 不规范用法

old-fashioned 过时用法

rare 罕见用法

BrE 或 Brit=British English 英式英语

AmE 或 US=American/United States English 美式英语

ScotE=Scottish English 苏格兰英语

IrE=Irish English 爱尔兰英语

CanE=Canadian English 加拿大英语

AustrE 或 Austral=Australian English 澳大利亚英语

NZE=New Zealand English 新西兰英语

InE=Indian English 印度英语

高中英语知识点虚拟语气对非现实的表达

虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类;even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类;

另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。

一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气

1、表示与现在事实相反的情况

从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were)

主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do

If I were you，I would take an umbrella.

如果我是你，我会带把伞。(事实：我不可能是你)

If I knew his telephone number，I would tell you.

如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。(事实：不知道)

If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.

如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)

2、表示与过去事实相反的情况

从句：If+主语+had+done

主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done

If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。(事实：去晚了)

If he had taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake.

如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实：没有听我的话)

3、表示与将来事实相反的情况

从句：①if+主语+were to do

②if+主语+should+do

③if+主语+过去式(be动词用were)

主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do

If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.

如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。(事实：不可能来)

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday，we would go skating.

如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。(事实：不可能下雪)

If she were to be here next Monday，I would tell her about the matter.

如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实：不可能来)

注意事项：

① 错综时间句：

即虚拟条件状语从句与虚拟主句中谓语动作的时间不一致。

If I had worked hard at school，I would be an engineer，too.

如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。

If they had informed us，we would not come here now.

如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。

If he knew her，he would have greeted her that day.

如果他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。

② 虚拟条件句中的省略：

当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were，should，had 时，if 可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。

Should he agree to go there，we would send him there.

要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去了。

Were she here，she would agree with us.

如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。

Had he learnt about computers，we would have hired him to work here.

如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。

③ 用其它形式表达虚拟条件：

虚拟条件状语从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或用其它方式表示出来。如without…，but for…(要不是...)等。

But for his help，we would be working now.

要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

Without your instruction，I would not have made such great progress.

要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。

We didn't know his telephone number，otherwise we would have telephoned him.

我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。

④ 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。

If I were you，I would go to look for him.

如果我是你，就会去找他。

⑤ 在虚拟条件句中，should/would/might/could四个词只能用should;在虚拟主句中，主语只有是第一人称时，才能用should。

If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.

如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

If he had got there earlier， he would have met her.

如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

二. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气

1、表达和建议、要求、命令、主张等含义相关的名词性从句，一律用主语+should+动词原形(should可以省略)结构。具体涉及到这些动词以及它们的名词形式：

一坚持(主张)：insist

二命令：order，command

三要求：require，request，demand

四建议：suggest，advise，propose，recommend

例如：

It was suggested that he(should)join in the club activities.(主语从句)

I suggested that he(should)join in the club activities.(宾语从句)

My suggestion was that he(should)join in the club activities.(表语从句)

I had an suggestion that he(should)join in the club activities.(同位语从句)

这四句话表达同一个意思：我建议他加入这个俱乐部的活动。

2、表示重要性、必要性、吃惊等时，一律用it is+形容词+that+主语+should+动词原形(should可以省略)结构。

例如：

It's important that you (should) study English hard.

努力学习英语是很重要的。

It's necessary that you (should) praise your students as much as possible.

尽可能多的表扬你的学生是有必要的。

It is strange that she (should) not have been invited.

很奇怪她竟然没有被邀请。

3. ① wish 后面所跟的宾语从句，其谓语动词用虚拟语气(意为“要是/但愿…就好了”)，其形式主要有三种：

表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+一般过去时的宾语从句

表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+ 过去完成时的宾语从句

表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish+ would/could+动词原形

I wish it were spring all year round.

我希望一年四季都是春天。

I wish it would be fine tomorrow.

我希望明天天气好。

She wished she had stayed at home then.

她希望她当时待在家里。

if only 后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。

② would rather 后面所跟的宾语从句，其谓语动词用虚拟语气(意为“宁愿......”)，其形式主要有两种：

表示对现在/将来情况的虚拟：wish+一般过去时的宾语从句

表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+ 过去完成时的宾语从句

e.g.=for example no.=number i.e.=that is etc.=et cetera 1st=first 2nd=second ∴=therefore ∵=because △=replace ＜less than &=and W/=with Building=bldg very expensive=v exp education=edu air-conditioner=a/c 1. 表示各种组织或机构的缩略词 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经贸合作组织 IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织 OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克，石油输出国组织 WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织 2. 表示各种系统的缩略词 BBS (Bulletin Board System) 电子布告栏系统或(Bulletin Board Service)电子布告服务 GPS (Global Position System) 全球定位系统 GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) 全球移动通信系统 CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) 计算机集成制造系统 DOS (Disc Operating System) 磁盘操作系统 ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) 智能交通系统 NMD (National Missile Defense) 国家导弹防御系统 TMDE (Test, Measure and Diagnostic Euipment) 试验、测量与诊断设备 NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) 纳斯达克，<美>全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会 3. 有关职务或学位的缩略词 CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 首席执行官 CFO (Chief Finance Officer) 首席财务官 CIO (Chief Information Officer) 首席信息官 COO (Chief Operating Officer) 首席运行官 CTO (Chief Technology Officer)首席技术官 CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 注册会计师 MBA (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理硕士 MPA (Master of Public Administration) 公共管理硕士 4. 有关金融方面的缩略词 ATM (Automated Teller Machine) 自动取款(出纳)机 CBD (Central Business District) 中央商务区 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product) 国民生产总值 5. 有关考试方面的缩略词 CET (College English Test) 大学英语等级考试 GRE (Graduate Record Examination) 美国研究生入学考试 PETS (Public English Test System) 全国英语等级考试

英文缩略语:AFK Away From Keyboard ASL? Age? Sex? Location? B4 Before BAK Back At Keyboard BBL Be Back Later BCNU Be seeing you BRB Be Right Back BTW By The Way FAQs Frequently Asked Questions IMHO In My Humble Opinion L8R Later LOL Laughs Out Loud MOF? Male Or Female? NM or N/M Never Mind (or Not Much) NP or N/P No Problem OMG Oh My God ROFL or ROTFL Rolling On (The) Floor, Laughing TTFN Ta Ta For Now UR Your / You're W/ With AFAICT As Far As I Can Tell AFAIK As Far As I Know AIUI As I Understand It BST But Seriously Though BTDT Been There, Done That CUL See you Later DWISNWID Do What I Say, Not What I Do DYJHIW Don't You Just Hate It When F2F Face to Face FOAF Friend Of A Friend FWIW For What It's Worth FYI For Your Information GA Go Ahead GIGO Garbage In, Garbage Out IANAL I Am Not A Lawyer IIRC If I Recall Correctly IME In My Experience IMNSHO In My Not-So-Humble Opinion IMO In My Opinion IOW In Other Words IRL In Real Life ISTM It Seems To Me ITRO In The Region Of IWBNI It Would Be Nice If IYSWIM If You See What I Mean JAM Just A Minute KISS Keep It Simple, Stupid MOTOS Member Of The Opposite Sex NALOPKT Not A Lot Of People Know That OIC Oh, I See OTOH On The Other Hand OTT Over The Top RTFM Read The F****** Manual RUOK Are you OK? SITD Still In The Dark TANSTAAFL There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch TIA Thanks In Advance TIC Tongue In Cheek TNX / thx Thanks TTYL Talk To You Later TVM Thanks Very Much WIBNI Wouldn't It Be Nice If WRT With Regard To WTH What The Hell (similarly: WTF) WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get YABA Yet Another Bloody Acronym YHM You Have Mail YGM You Got Mail还有很多新的，但不是很有趣的。

Dept:Department 部，司，局，系，科LAB:Laboratory 实验室ANSI:American National Standards Institute 美国国家标准学会FLU:Influenza 流行性感冒DOB:Date Of Birth 出生日期desc:description 描述MAX:Maximum 最大的、最大限度的S/N:Serial Number 系列号WWW:World Wide Web 万维网,万维网,万维网DIV:Division 分工、部门,师的简称PSI:Pounds per Square Inch 每平方英寸磅GPRS:General Packet Radio Service 通用分组无线电业务PT:Part 部分HRLY:Hourly 每小时QC:Quality Control 质量控制AI:Artificial Intelligence 人工智慧APP:Application 应用FYI:For Your Information 供参阅FTP:File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议VET:Veteran 老兵，老手PIN:Personal Identification Number 个人识别码GMT:Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治时间(世界标准时间)BBS:Bulletin Board System 电子论坛,公告板系统AKA:Also Known As 亦称LBS:Pounds 磅（复数）SPEC:Specification 规格,细则TEL:Telephone 电话PRO:Professional 专业的,内行的,高级的.SEC:Secretary 秘书DOJ:Department Of Justice 反不正当竞争部门,司法部EU:European Union 欧洲联盟(欧盟)CV:Curriculum Vitae （求职者的）简历（履历）NOS:Not Otherwise Specified 不另说明，别处无说明UV:Ultraviolet 紫外线HQ:Headquarters 总部RCA:Radio Corporation of America 美国无线电公司WK:Week 星期GDP:Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值OCR:Optical Character Recognition 光学字符识别TMI:Too Much Information 信息过多AVG:Average 平均UPS:Uninterruptible Power Supply 不间断电源CRT:Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管ERP:Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源计划IPR:Intellectual Property Rights 知识产权CFD:Computational Fluid Dynamics 计算流体力学ASAP:As Soon As Possible 尽快MIDI:Musical Instrument Digital Interface 乐器数字接口AP:Associated Press 美国联合通讯社,美联社,美联社VP:Vice President 副总统STD:Standard 标准GRE:Graduate Record Examination 研究生入学资格考试PO:Post Office 邮局WAP:Wireless Application Protocol 无线应用协议DOQ:Depending On Qualifications 根据申请工作者的资历决定是否雇用mm:Millimeter 毫米Asst:Assistant 助理REC:Record 录制ICU:Intensive Care Unit 加护病房DOA:Dead On Arrival 到达前死亡CAGR:Compound Annual Growth Rate 复合年增长率REG:Regular 正规MS:Microsoft 微软SEP:September 九月,9月BIZ:Business 业务，生意DR:Doctor 博士；医生DZ:Dozen 一打XL:Extra Large 超大,特大号TBD:To Be Determined 待决定UN:United Nations 联合国MAN:Manual 手动的IP:Intellectual Property 知识产权BBC:British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司WW:World War 世界大战ENG:Engineer 工程，工程部门AFAIK:As Far As I Know 就我所知AWOL:Absent Without Leave 擅离职守的BDU:Battle Dress Uniform 战斗服EPS:Earnings Per Share 每股利润, 每股收益FWIW:For What It's Worth 对其价值而言HS:High School 高中(学历)IMHO:In My Humble Opinion 依本人愚见IMO:In My Opinion 我认为MIN:Minimum 最小的，最低限度OTOH:On The Other Hand 另一方面PERL:Practical Extraction and Report Language 实用摘录与报告语言PIM:Personal Information Manager 个人信息管理PORN:Pornography 色情书刊;色情图片;色情电影SAR:Search And Rescue 搜索和援救TIA:Thanks In Advance 事先表示感谢VR:Virtual Reality 虚拟实境WLAN:Wireless Local Area Network 无线局域网络,无缝接入蜂窝网ISBN:International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号IQ:Intelligence Quotient 智商F:Fahrenheit 华氏（温度计华氏表）UAV:Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 无人驾驶飞机BR:Best Regards 祝好AM:Amplitude Modulation 调幅CO:Carbon Monoxide 一氧化碳GYM:Gymnasium 体育馆