味增汤君
Unit5.Topic 1wake up. /wake sb up 醒来,叫醒某人want to do sth 想做某事get up early/late 早/ 迟起by+交通工具 on footon weekdays /weekends 在周日/ 周末at around /about six o’clock 大约在6点have a (short) break 稍息一会儿in the spare time 在业余时间play basketball/soccer/ 打篮球/足球play sports 做运动play the piano弹钢琴go dancing去跳舞sing songs 唱歌play computer games 玩电脑游戏watch TV 看电视for a (little) while一会儿read books 看书clean the house 打扫房间in the library 在图书管do one’s homework 做家庭作业listen to music 听音乐write letters写信go roller skating 去滑旱冰How often 多常once a week/ twice a week/ three times a day一星期一次/两次,一天三次Unit5 Topic 2at the moment /minute =now此刻talk with/to sb 与某人谈话wait a minute/moment 等一会儿on the shelf在书架上return =give sth back 归还 on time 准时on the playground 在操场上anything else /nothing else/what else什么别的,没有别的,别的什么between…and… 在…和…两者之间Here is/are… 这是…love/like doing sth. 喜欢做某事。Unit 5 Topic 3have classes/lessons/have a class/ lesson上课 be over=end=finish 结束wait for sb/sth 等某人have to =must 必须think of /about 考虑do /try one’s best 尽力care about 担心learn from sb 向某人学习with great interest 有浓厚兴趣的Thank sb for (doing) sth 因为某事而感谢某人Best wishes 祝福你Unit 6 Topic 1on the second floor 在第二层Why not do sth =why don’t you do sth? 为什么不做某事?go upstairs 上楼have a look (at) 看一看Come in, please 请进so many nice books 这么多好看的书plant flowers / trees 种花/树have a bath 洗澡read books/newspapers 看书/报纸in/on the wall 在墙上play with 玩…, 和…玩put sth away 把…放好look after 照顾in/on the tree 在树上in front of 在…前面(范围外)in the front of 在…前面(范围内)get a letter from sb 收到某人的来信Unit 6 Topic 2be like 像…in an apartment building 在一个单元房里in the countryside 在农村in the suburbs 在郊区 in the area 在这个地区How about/What about (doing) sth …….怎么样?would like to do sth = want to do sth 想要做某事go back to 回去 go back home 回家For Rent 出租(广告) Wanted 求租(广告)per month/week/year 每个月/星期/年call sb at +号码 打某人……电话think over=think about=think of 考虑a single room 一间单人房间a double-room house 一间双人房a 3-bedroom house一间3卧室的房间rent sth from sb. 向某人租….. 求租…rent sth to sb. 租给某人…... 出租…..around here 这周围on the street corner 在街角处There is something wrong with…….……有什么毛病?get sb to do sth.=ask sb to do sth.= let sb do sth. 让某人做某事.right now 马上,立刻.a lot of 许多.be close to / be near与…接近be far from 离…很远keep money 存钱 take trains 乘火车mail letters 寄信 see the doctor 看病hear sb doing sth . 听到某人正做某事.try to do sth. 试着做某事.such a station 这样的一个车站move from…to… 从…移到/搬到…at the end of… 在…末梢on the right 在右边The traffic is heavy. 交通拥挤enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事Unit 6 Topic 3go /walk across =cross 穿过on the corner of… 在…的拐弯处(be) across from… 穿过…, 在…对面on one’s /the way to在(某人)去某地的路上get to… 到达…get home /there/here(be) far away from… 远离…need to do sth. 需要做某事need do sth. 需要做某事change to the No.1 bus.转1路车。a ticket for speeding(开车时)超速的罚单thousands of 成千的,好几千的get hurt=be hurt受伤in a road accident 在一次交通事故中make the road safe 使交通安全obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则keep on the right 保持向右行be clear 安全的/清洁的It is good to do sth 做某事很好blind people 盲人Unit7Topic 1next / last Saturday 下星期六/ 上星期六be fun/interesting 有趣plan to do sth. 计划做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事have a birthday party开一次生日晚会Would you like sth.你想要…… Would you like to do sth. 你想要做某事You bet./ Of course./ Sure./ Certainly.当然啦be born 出生use sth for doing sth 用于作… look up 查阅,查找 must be 一定是Unit7Topic2perform ballet 跳芭蕾舞 dance the disco跳迪斯科take photos ( of…) 照相 sing songs for sb.为某人唱歌take sth./sb. to sw 把某物带到某处take sth.with sb. 随身带上某物work out 算出 work on 演算 fly a kite / fly kites 放风筝 one year ago 一年前 two years ago两年前play table tennis 打乒乓球be good at (doing)sth 擅长做某事have a good time 玩得很开心Something is / was wrong with…什么有毛病with the help of ….在……的帮助下 make model planes.制作模型飞机Unit7Topic3It’s one’s turn. 轮到某人了What’s the matter?/What’s wrong?What’s up? 怎么啦?fall down 跌倒 happen to sb.发生在某人身上go to a movie =see a film = go to the cinema去看电影lie to sb. 对某人说谎tell a lie (to sb) 说谎 tell- toldtalk about 谈论 in fact 事实上sit around… 围坐在…make the cards 做卡片 make a silent wish 默默许愿write a letter to sb. / write to sb.写信给某人Unit 8 Topic 1climb mountains = go climbing爬山 go hiking 踏青make a snowman(snowmen) 做雪人in spring / summer / fall / winter 在春/夏/秋/冬like sth best 最喜欢 like sth better 更喜欢nice and =very, quite 很,挺 all day 整天be coming 就要来了 go on sth. 进行某事go on a trip 进行旅行 go out 出去 take an umbrella 带伞wear sunglasses 带太阳镜 wear warm clothes 穿暖和的衣服remember to do sth. 记住要去做某事 remember doing sth. 记住做过某事(be) the same as 与……一样travel to sw. 旅游到某地 wear an overcoat 穿一件大衣come back to life 复苏, 复活get warm 变暖和a hopeful season. 一个充满生机的季节。A harvest season. 一个丰收的季节.come after 来自……之后 be busy doing sth.忙于做….last from…to…持续从……到last for 持续Unit 8 Topic2travel around 周游 take pictures/photos of… 拍……的照片hope to do sth. / hope (that)+句子 希望做某事next month 下个月 places of interest 名胜each of us 我们中的每一个人tell sb sth.about告诉某人关于……某事take off 拖掉,起飞 point to 指点 touch a child on the head 摸小孩的头do some touring 观光do some shopping/cleaning 买东西/做卫生need to do sth.需做某事 give sth. to sb. /give sb.sth. 给某人某物pass sth.to sb. /pass sb. sth. 递某物给某人 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 be different from 与……不同Unit 8 Topic3make dumpings 做饺子each other 相互,互相have families get together.举行家庭聚会on this day 在这一天 good luck 好运stay up 熬夜 send sth. to sb. 送某人某物play tricks on sb.= trick on sb 开某人玩笑 pick up摘,捡起 knock at/ on 敲on the night of 在……夜晚go touring / shopping 去旅行/ 购物enjoy a seven-day holiday享受7天的假期hold dragon boat races举行龙舟赛the capital of ……的首都,…….的省会go up 升起Best wishes to sb.! 致某人最好的祝愿on the eve of 在……前夕at midnight 在午夜put up 挂with最令某人高兴的是 To one’s joy取得很大的进步在户外in the open air与某人聊天 chat with互相 each other =with one another与某人相聚 have a get-together with很快,马上 (at)any minute now及时 in time匆忙in a hurry动身,出发 set off朝回走 head back朝回家的路走 head back home有一个美好的未来 have a great future期望做某事 look forward to doing sth.给某人一个拥抱 give a hug to sb.旅途平安 Have a safe flight!出去散步 go out for a walk
fantienan002
一、重点词组、短语及个别词的用法1. be from=come from 13. France(法国)---French(法语.法国的) 2.Japanese for kids 儿童日语 14. Japan (日本)----Japanese(日语日本人)3. Chinese is fun 趣味汉语 4. Our world in English 英语世界 15.China(中国)----Chinese(汉语.中国人) 5. French for today 今日法语6. live in +地点 住在…….. 16.Australia(澳大利亚)-Australian(澳大利亚人) 7. a little 一点儿 (修饰不可数名词) Little 几乎没有8. like to do sth / like doing sth 喜欢做某事9. on weekends 在周末10. Canada (加拿大)--------Canadian (加拿大人)11. the United States=the USA=America(美国)-------American(美国人)12 the United Kingdom=the UK =England (英国)----English(英国人)注意:Japanese 与Chinese 的复数形式与原形相同 city---cities country----countriesUnit Two Is there a post office near hear?二、重点词组,短语及用法1. there be ( is/ are/ was / were)句型的用法2. library-----libraries 3.on Center Street (在某条街用on,在左边,右边用on,在拐弯处,在拐角用at)4. near here = in the neighborhood 在附近5. across from 在…….对面 next to ……. 紧挨着………6. in front of …..在…….之前------------behind 在………之后 in the front of 在…..前面(指物体内部的前面)7. Excuse me. 8. turn left / right左/右转 on left /right在左/ 右边 on one's left/right在某人的左/右边9.on the left/right side of sth 在某物的左/右边10. go straight 一直往前走11. clean -----dirty new----old quiet----busy small----big 12. an old hotel 一个旧的旅馆13. welcome to………欢迎到……14. take a walk through …………步行通过15. have fun doing sth 做谋事开心16. at the beginning of 在……开始17. arrive at + 小地点 arrive at school arrive in + 大地点 arrive in Beijing18. the way to ….. 到……的路19. take a taxi / bus 乘出租车/公共汽车20. go down ….. 沿着……..21. 几种问路的同义句: Where is the ………… Can you tell me the way to…….. How can I get to …….. Which is the way to……….Unit There Why do you like koalas?三、重点词组,短语及用法1. let sb do sth 让某人做某事 2. why ……….. Because………..3. an elephant an animal 4. an interesting +名词 一个有趣的…… 5. kind of +形容词 有几分 It's kind of interesting. a kind of…… 一种 a kind of movies all kinds of = different kinds of 各种各样的 all kinds of books 6. be friendly to sb 对某人友好 She is friendly to us.7. other 别的(后面经常跟名词) 词组:one….., the other ….I have two pens, one is new, the other one is old.What other questions do you want to ask? else 别的 ,其它的(放在疑问词或不定代词之后) anything else what else do you want to ask?8. like 的用法 like 像……. (介词) be like /look like / sound like like 喜欢 (动词) like sth /like to do sth /like doing sthWhat is he like? =What does he look like? 他长什么样?What does he like? 他喜欢什么?9. play with sth 玩某物 play with sb和某人一起玩 10. grass 草(不可数名词) 11. be quiet! 安静!!12. during the day = in the day 在白天 at night 在夜晚13. leaf ----leaves 14. relax 放松,休息 be relaxed 感到轻松(主语是人) be relaxing 令人轻松(主语是物) He relaxes 8 hours a day. I went to the beach yesterday, I was very relaxed.Music is very relaxing.Unit Four I want to be an actor.四、词组,短语及其用法1. want 想要 want sth 想要某物 He wants a book. want to do sth 想要做某事 She wants to go out.2. an actor 3.policeman ------policemen policewoman-----policewomen 4.wait(等待)--------waiter(侍者)5. 名词所有格(请看以下例子,认真思考用法) Tom's 汤姆的 my father's 我父亲的 the students' 学生们的 Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Five minutes' walk = five--minute walk 五分钟的路程6. want to be …..想成为…….7. work with sb /sth 与………打交道8. give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物9. get sth from sb 从某人那里去回某物10. in the day 在白天 at night 在夜晚11. kind of + 有几分12. thief ----- thieves 小偷13. talk to sb 与某人谈话 talk with sb 与某人交谈(侧重与双方) talk about sth 谈论某事/某人14. people 、clothes 没有单数形式15. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Be busy with sth 忙于某事 16. go out 外出、出去17. in a hospital 在一家医院里 in hospital 在住院18. an exciting movie an exciting job an interesting job 19. work hard 努力工作 刻苦学习20. meet people 遇见某人21. call sb at + 电话号码 给某人打电话 22. write stories 写故事23. work for 为……..工作24. work(不可数名词) job (可数名词)五、词组,短语及用法1. 现在进行时态的构成: 主语+ be+ v-ing 表示此时此刻正在发生或正在进行的动作2. do one's homework (此处的do是"做"的意思)3. talk on the phone 4. watch look see read 的大致区别: watch 观看,看 watch TV 看电视 watch a football game 看一场足球比赛 see 看见(看的结果) I can see the bird in the tree. look 看(看的动作) Please look at the blackboard. read 阅读,读书,读报 She is reading a story.5. go to the movies 去看电影 6. That sounds good. 那听起来不错7. TV show 电视节目 8. at six o'clock 在六点钟9. wait for sb /sth 等侯某人/某物10. all 、 also 、often 、never 等副词应该放在be动词,情态动词及助动词之后,行为动词之前。He never stop talking. I often get up at six. 例如:We are all students. The boys can also swim. They all like English. Lions also come from South Africa.12. thanks for sth 谢谢某物 Thanks for your letter. thanks for doing sth 谢谢做了某事 Thanks for joining us.13. some of + 宾格代词(us / you /them ) some of us 我门当中的一些人 Some of +名词复数 some of the students 一些学生14. in the first /second /next / last photo 在第一/第二/下一个/最后一张照片里15. at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the pool 在游泳池 at the mall在商店16. be with sb 与某人一起 He is with his parents. 他和他的父母在一起。17. with 是一个介词,with短语不能做主语: 请区别以下两个句子:Tom with his friends is playing soccer. Tom and his friends are playing soccer.18. a photo of my family 一张我家的照片六、词组、短语1. 部分名词经常在词尾加上y 构成形容词: Sun---sunny wind -----windy cloud -----cloudy rain-----rainy snow---snowy health------healthy 2. play computer games 玩电脑游戏3. study----studies-----studying-----studied4. thank you for doing sth 谢谢你做了某事5. CCTV'S Around World show 中央电视台的《环游世界》节目6. on vacation 在度假7. take a photo /photos 拍照8. lie -----lies ------lying 躺9. a group of ……. 一群 two group of……….两群this group of 这群10. look cool 看起来酷 look for 寻找 11. be surprised 感到吃惊 12. in this heat 在这炎热的天气里13. be relaxed 感到放松14. everyone、 nobody 、something、 anything 、everything等不定代词做主语,动词用第三人称单数形式。Nobody knows that. 没有人知道那事。15. have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得开心16 hope to do sth 希望做某事 ,不可以说hop sb to do sth I hope to go to Beijing. 不能说I hope you to go to Beijing.
meisha2345
Unit 11. 假日照片:holiday photos2. 看:look at / have a look3. 玩球的游戏:play ball games4. ……岁:…year(s) old5. 老实告诉你:to tell you the truth6. 做家务:do housework7. 吃早餐:have breakfast8. 吃午餐:have lunch9. 吃晚餐:have dinner10. 唱歌:sing a song11. 看电视:watch TVUnit 212. 生日快乐:Happy birthday!13. 一个新的电脑游戏:a new computer game14. 仅仅是开玩笑:only joking15. 戴着一顶生日帽:wear a birthday hat16. 送给她一份生日礼物:give her a birthday present17. 送给她一张生日卡:give her a birthday card18. 吹灭生日蜡烛:blow out the birthday candles19. 切生日蛋糕:cut the birthday cake20. 吃生日蛋糕:eat the birthday cake21. 玩聚会游戏:play party gamesUnit 422. 听收音机:listen to the radio23. 听音乐:listen to music / play music24. 弹吉他:play the guitar25. 画画:paint a picture26. 看故事书:read a story book27. 使用电脑工作:work on the computer28. 用电脑玩游戏:play games on the computer29. 煮晚饭:cook the dinner30. 玩电脑游戏:play computer games31. 踢足球:play footballUnit 532. 玩得开心:have fun33. 在那边的那个地方:out there34. 在海里钓鱼:fish in the sea35. 玩音乐器材:play a musical instrument36. 做船的模型:make a model ship37. 下棋:play chess38. 在湖里游泳:swim in the lakeUnit 739. 校运会:school sports day40. 打篮球:play basketball41. 打乒乓球:play table tennis42. 打羽毛球:play badminton43. 踢足球:play football44. 跳远:do the long jump45. 跳高:do the high jump46. 接过接力棒:get the baton47. 追上,赶上:catch up48. 努力,加油!Go for it!49. 挥舞着午餐的盒子:wave a lunch box50. 横穿跑道:run across the field51. 摔倒,跌到:fall overUnit 852. 运动明星:sports stars53. 擅长于:be good at54. 第三十六届世界乒乓球锦标赛:the 36th World Table Tennis Championships55. 第四十三届锦标赛:the 43rd World Championships56. 金牌:gold medals57. 世界纪录创造者:a setter of a world record58. 举重:weight-lifting59. 奥林匹克竞赛:Olympic Games60. 中国女运动员:Chinese women athletesUnit 1061. 一部校园戏剧:a school play62. 校服:school uniform63. 一个好主意:a good idea64. 去商店:go to the shop65. 欢迎……:welcome to…66. 观看戏剧:watch a play67. 欣赏音乐会:enjoy a concert68. 看电影:see a film69. 听录音带:listen to the tape70. 表演一部戏剧:act out a playUnit1171. 打开:turn on72. 音乐节目:music programmes73. 电视话剧:TV plays74. 运动节目:sport programmes75. 米老鼠和唐老鸭:Micky Mouse And Donald Duck76. 看新闻:watch the news77. 听新闻:listen to newsUnit 1378. 一片土司:a piece of toast79. 一碗米饭:a bowl of rice80. 一瓶牛奶:a bottle of milk81. 一杯茶:a cup of tea82. 一碟面条:a plate of noodles83. 一杯水:a glass of water84. 一瓶橙汁:a bottle of orange juice85. 一杯咖啡:a cup of coffee86. 一袋鸡蛋:a bag of eggs87. 一盒署条:a box of chips88. 一箱苹果:a box of applesUnit 1489. 没问题:no problem90. 炒饭:fried rice91. 烤牛肉:roast beef92. 煎蛋:fried eggs93. 炒面:fried noodles94. 白菜汤:Chinese Cabbage soupUnit 1695. 一千克…::a kilo of96. 半千克:half a kilo97. 写一份购物清单:make a shopping list
天晴小姐8755
初一下册英语语法知识
一、时间的表达法
(1)直读式,即直接读出时间数字
7: 05 sevenfive 8:16 eight sixteen
(2) 过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)
1:25 twenty-five pastone 2:30 halfpast two
3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five
(3)12小时制
6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分
(4)24小时制
13:00 13点钟 22:15 22点15分
(5)15分可用quarter
4:15 a quarter pastfour 5:45 a quarter to six
(6)时间前通常用介词at
at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.
二、关于时间的问法
(1)以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段,也可以是较短的时间点,如:
①When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?
②My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是12月29日。
这里就是指一天的时间段
①When do you go home? 你几点回家?
②I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午4:30回家.
这里when问的是具体的时间。
(2)具体几点我们通常用what time提问,如:
①What time is it now?/What’s the time now? 现在几点了?
It’s 9:26. 现在九点二十六。
②What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了?
It’s 8:36. Oh, It’s50 minutes late. 8:36,哦,它慢了50分钟。
③What time do you get up? 你几点起床?
I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上6点起床。
初一英语基础知识
短语归纳
1. post office 邮局
2. police station 警察局
3. pay phone 付费电话
4. Bridge Street 桥街
5. Center Street 中心大街
6. Long Street 长街
7. near here 附近
8. across from 在……对面
9. next to 挨着,靠近
10. between…and… 在……和……之间
11. in front of 在……前面
12. excuse me 劳驾
13. far from 离……远
14. go along… 沿着……走
15. turn right/left 向右/左转
16. on the(或one’s) right/left 在(某人的)右边/左边
17. in my neighborhood 在我的街区
18. look like 看起来像
19. in life 一生中
20. be free 免费的/有空的
用法集萃
1. Turn right / left at the +序数词+ crossing. 在第几个路口向右 / 左转。
2. spend + 时间 /金钱 + on sth. 花费时间/金钱在......
spend + 时间 / +金钱 (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事
3. watch sb. doing 观看某人正在做某事
4. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
典句必背
1. —Is there a hospital near here? 这附近有医院吗?
—Yes, there is. It’s on Bridge Street. 是的,有。它在桥街上。
2. —Oh… where’s Center Street? 噢……中心大街在哪里?
—It’s not too far from here. 它离这儿不太远。
3. Go along Long Street and it’s on the right. 沿着长街走,它在右边。
4. Turn right at the first crossing. 在第一个十字路口向右转。
初一英语知识重点
一、in the tree/ on the tree
in the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为"在树上"但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事(不属于树本身生长出的别的东西)落在树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时,要使用on the tree.如:
There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。
There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。
二、 some/ any
(1)some和 any既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要
注意。
some常用于肯定句中,any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:
There is some water in the glass.
Is there any water in the glass?
There isn't any water in the glass.
(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示请求,邀请的疑问句中,我们依然用some。如:
Would you like some tea?
三、tall/ high
(1)说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,主要用tall,不用high,例如
a tall woman 一个高个子妇女
a tall horse 一个高大的马
(2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时,例如:
He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上。
The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么高。
(3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以,不过high的程度比tall高。
(4)high可作副词,tall不能。
(5)tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.
初一英语语法——一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或表示现在的特征或状态。
其动词形式是:动词原形(只有第三人称单数作主语时除外,要加-s)其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词do或does
1)肯定句用行为动词原形表示
Theygetupveryearlyeverymorning.他们每天早晨起来很早。
Ivisitmygrandparentsfourtimesamonth.我一个月去看望祖父母四次。
2)否定句用don’t+动词原形来表示
Idon’tthinkyoulikethiscolour.我想你不喜欢这个颜色。
3)一般疑问句则是把助动词do提前至句首,后面动词用原形。回答时,肯定用“Yes,主语+do”;否定句用“No,主语+don’t”。
–Dotheygotoschoolatseveno’clock?他们七点去上学吗?
--Yes,theydo.
--Doyoulikethisskirt?你喜欢这条裙子吗?
--No,Idon’t.不,我不喜欢。
一般现在时用来表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与以下的时间状语连用:often经常,always总是,sometimes有时,usually通常,everyday/week每天/周等。
Heusuallygoestoschoolbybike.通常他骑车上学。
Ivisitmygrandparentseveryweek.我每个星期都去看祖父母。
Sheisalwayslateforclass.她总是上课迟到。
MyparentsandIsometimesgoouttoeat.我和父母有时出去吃饭。
Itoftenrainshere.这儿常常下雨。
初一 主要掌握几种时态
1,一般现在时
2,一般过去时
3,一般将来时
4,现在进行时
还有几种词
1,名词
2,代词
3,形容词
4,动词
5,冠词
初一英语语法
一、词法
1、名词
A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, fooot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:
一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词
项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词
A) 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:
一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B) 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的.辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:
一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句
a) This is a book. (be动词)
b) He looks very young. (连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)
e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句
a) These aren’t their books
. b) They don’t look nice.
c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.
d) Kate can’t find her doll.
e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句
a) Please go and ask the man.
b) Let’s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句
a) Don’t be late.
b) Don’t hurry.
3. 疑问句
1) 一般疑问句
a) Is Jim a student?
b) Can I help you?
c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV?
e) Is she reading?
肯定回答:
a) Yes, he is.
b) Yes, you can.
c) Yes, she does.
d) Yes, they do.
e) Yes, she is.
否定回答:
a) No, he isn’t
b) No, you can’t.
c) No, she doesn’t.
d) No, they don’t.
e) No, she isn’t.
2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small?
回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3) 特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.
⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 问时间 What’sthe time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、时态
1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:
Be 动词:She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情态动词:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
1)在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
All is right. (一切顺利。)
All are present. (所有人都到齐了。)
2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company,committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。
His family isn't very large.他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around?
3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
at the end of
at the end of +时间点或地点,“在…的尽头,在…的末尾”
They will have a sports meeting at the end of March. (时间)
He put some books at the end of the bed. (地点)
动词的种类
动词是表示动作或状态的词,按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词,连系动词,助动词和情态动词。
1.行为动词
行为动词可分为及物动词 (vt)和不及物动词(vi),及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单独作谓语,后跟宾语;不及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单独作谓语,但后面不能直接跟宾语,如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。
如:
More and more people study English.(vt)
The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)
2.连系动词
连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。
如:
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
It feels damp.
3.助动词
助动词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示否定,疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征,助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等。
如:
How do you usually come to school?
The children are playing yo-yo now.
4.情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。
如:
Can I help you?
- Must we go now? -No, you needn't .
a. can与be able to的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时,指本身有能力的"能";be able to用于各种时态均可,指须经过努力而"能"。
b. must与have/has to的用法。must表示说话人主观认为"必须",只用于一般现在时和一般将来时;have/has to表示客观需要,意为"不得不",它可用于各种时态。
c.need和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。
以上对动词的种类知识的内容讲解学习,相信同学们已经能很好的掌握了吧,希望同学们在考试中取得很好的成绩。
优质英语培训问答知识库