木雕英语翻译

Abstract: Wood carving has a long history in China, its appearance and development is closely related to oriental geography, cultural traditions, folk beliefs and customs of Asian.Wood carving as an art form, is a valuable cultural heritage, its design concept and carving skills are of great significance to modern buildings .With a long history, superb carving, is a precious artistic heritage in the arts and crafts in China.Keyword:China ;Wood carving ;skills

乔家大院Courtyard of Family Qiao Shanxi, to the ground relics of the HSBC, said underground energy masterpiece. Today, he ordered a large number of traditional houses to discover the art of architecture and worldwide attention. These exquisite incomparable and the House of intact, to their eternal truth, we look forward to the civilization of Interpretation interpretation, we look forward to the glorious history of the interpretation of Shanxi. The wisdom of the Chinese nation and hardworking spirit, and created a towering wall, the solemn palaces, beautiful gardens, but also created a variety of House of. These have their own unique House of fresh life. Zheng Xiaoxie famous architectural experts said, "Beijing is the National Palace Museum, a terracotta warriors and horses in Xi'an, Qixian County has 1,000 homes." China's historical and cultural city - Qixian County residents, Set Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing of the French, the Department of the Hebei Jiangnan Dacheng, the most famous of which is Courtyard of Family Qiao. Courtyard of Family Qiao in Qixian County in Shanxi Province QIAO Jia, south of Taiyuan, 54 km,East of the town just two kilometers. Also known as the central scroll it is the Qing Dynasty famous commercial finance capitalists Qiao Yong attended by the . , Was built in the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong years, the future has been amended twice, the first extension, through the continuous efforts of several generations of people in the Early Republic of China into a magnificent architectural groups, and a concentrated expression of the Qing Dynasty in China's unique style residential areas north . The compound closed for the whole of the castle-building complex covering 10,642 (about 16 acres) square meters, the construction area 4,175 square meters, at 6 compound, 20 small courtyard, 313 housing. Compound III faced Street, not connected with the surrounding residential areas. Door sit West Chaodong, on the top floor of a tall, middle-City openings Road, opposite the door is brick map. The door to, is a things to the bust, the bust of a parapet wall on both sides of the Taiwan Wai, the bust of the end of the ancestors is the ancestral hall, and the door distant relative, as imperial court structure. The three northern compound, the canopies are Wuhu gallery door, dark-dark lattice, three bays, palanquin access to more than enough, the doors have suppository lateral Ma-chu and launched stones, a few from the East to West, followed by the home, Northwest Center, study centers. Fabrics are all being biased structure of the compound, the hospital owner is living, is partial hospital rooms and living rooms Zaofang servants. Construction on the relatively low partial hospital, the roof structure is very different, both for tile-roofed house is a hospital canopies, partial hospital for shop roof cottage is both an expression of the ethics of hierarchy, orderly, also showed that the Building a higher level flu. There are four main building of the compound, the gatehouse, more floor balconies Court 6. The roof of a walkway the same hospital, nursing homes Patrol easy night. Looking at the whole hospital layout stringent design sophistication, overlooking a "Hi Hi" shaped, construction known, brick adjustments, and Seiko doing fine, brackets eaves, multicolored decorations of the equipment, brick carvings, crafts superb, and fully demonstrated China superb working people the construction process, experts and scholars reputation of being: "the history of the North Vernacular Architecture a shining pearl", it has been called "a Royal Palace, the house of QIAO Jia," said famous Interpretation,at home and abroad. 这是另一份。Qiao Family Grand Courtyard The Qiao Family Courtyard lies in the beautiful and richly endowed Jinzhong basin of Shanxi. It is greatly admired as a very special artistic treasure by both common people and architects; it is also one of the ten best tourist spots in Shanxi Province.The first generation of Qiao's family, Qiao Guifa, started business from a shoestring. He braved Xikou and beyond to arrive at Baotou of North China's Inner Mongolia, where he finally became a tycoon and monopolized Baotou's commerce.Qiao family's business reached the top in the family's second-generation, when their bank house opened in Beijing, Tianjin, Northeast China, and the Yangtze valley. It is estimated that the Qiao family's property was worth an equivalent of nearly 10 billion yuan in modern time.The Qiao Family Courtyard was built in during the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1711-99) in the Qing Dynasty, and occupied 8,724.8 square meters of land, consisting of 6 large yards and 20 small yards with 313 houses in total. It was repaired and rebuilt many times during the reigns of emperors Tongzhi and Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty and the beginning years of the Republic of China (1911-1949). It was an old Chinese residential courtyard that thrived for over two centuries. When you look down at the overall yard above ground, it looks just like"喜喜"（double happiness in Chinese）.Entering into the gate of the courtyard, first, you will see an 80-meter-long straight stone pavement that divides 6 courtyards into a northern and southern row. There are slope protections between the pavements and nearby walls.The Qiao family's ancestral temple is at the end of the western side, which directly faces the gate. There are 4 main buildings and 6 other structures, such as a gate pavilion and the Geng and Tiao pavilions. The sidewalks on the roof of every yard are connected to allow for patrol.Viewed from outside, the residency is serious and grand, with long yards; viewed from inside, it is splendid and orderly, reflecting the residential style of big families in feudal society in North China.The courtyard's three sides face the street, while the courtyard itself is completely surrounded by a 10-meter-high sealed water-milled brick wall. Yards and houses are linked with other yards and houses while the sidewalks above row upon row of roofs - such as the Xuanshan, Xieshan, Yingshan, Juanpeng, and Horizon roofs -- link up the battlements.Yards contain smaller yards as well as gardens. The doors, windows, eaves, stone stairs, quadrangular railings, and the Chuanxin, Pianxin, and Jiaodao yard are all beautifully shaped. You can see brick carvings everywhere in the yards: backbone carving, wall carving, and railing carving, all of which are based on figures, allusions, flowers and plants, birds, beast, chess, and painting and calligraphy. The carving designs are so exquisite and their workmanship, so fine, fully showing the special style of residential building in the Qing Dynasty.The Qiao Family Grand Courtyard has been admired as a bright pearl of residential buildings in North China.In the first ten years of the Republic of China, Qiao Zhiyong's eldest grandson Qiao Yingxia rebuilt the grand courtyard.Qiao Yingxia believed in Catholicism, and admired Western civilization. Therefore the style of the new courtyard added many Western elements. Some windows had glass installed and were decorate in a Western style. Paintings under the eaves added some new things like trains and railroads. The living room in the northwest courtyard included a bathroom and a Western-style washroom.Besides, the Qiao Family Grand Courtyard also collected many pieces of furniture made in the Ming and Qing dynasties as well as some rare treasures, like, the "nine-dragon lantern" and the "ten-thousand-person ball."In addition, four tablets still hanging in the yard are quite noticeable; they were separately bestowed from Li Hongzhang (a Chinese general who ended several major rebellions, and a leading statesman of the late Qing Empire), the Empress Dowager Cixi (a powerful and charismatic figure who was the de facto ruler of the Qing Dynasty, ruling over China for most of the period from 1861 to her death in 1908), Fu Shan, and villages in Ji County. In 1990, this ancient mansion gained its fame home and abroad due to the movie Raise the Red Lantern by the director Zhang Yimou.After the movie finished, the drama production team left behind several hundred red lanterns. Since then, these lanterns have been the most important decoration both in the Qiao Family Grand Courtyard and other jin shang courtyards.In 1986, the Qi County government rebuilt the courtyard into the Qi County Folk Museum that features art, science, and other things of interest. It contains 42 exhibition rooms displaying a wide range of material covering subject areas such as years, time, season, food, clothing, shelter and transportation, wedding and funeral ceremonies, and agriculture trade activities. In total, approximately 2,000 pieces of exhibits reflect the folktale custom in the Shanxi Jinzhong area. 希望对你有用。

山西，[1]素以地上文物之丰、地下能源之巨著称。而今，又以大量传统民居建筑艺术的不断发现而令世人瞩目。这些精致无比、保存完好的宅院，以它们永远的真实，期待着我们对三晋文明史的阐释，期待着我们对晋商辉煌史的解读。 中华民族的智慧和耐劳精神，创造了巍峨的城墙、庄严的宫殿、秀美的园林，也创造了形形色色的宅院。这些宅院都有自己独特鲜活的生命。著名建筑专家郑孝燮说“北京有故宫，西安有兵马俑，祁县有民宅千处。”中国历史文化名城——祁县的民居，集宋、元、明、清之法式，汇江南河北之大成，其中最为出名的就是乔家大院。 乔家大院位于山西祁县乔家堡村。 大院为全封闭式的城堡式建筑群，占地10642（约十六亩）平方米，建筑面积4175平方米,分6个大院，20个小院，313间房屋。大院三面临街，不与周围民居相连。外围是封闭的砖墙，高10米有余，上层是女墙式的垛口，还有更楼，眺阁点缀其间，显得气势宏伟，威严高大。大门坐西朝东，上有高大的顶楼，中间城门洞式的门道，大门对面是砖雕百寿图照壁。大门以里，是一条石铺的东西走向的甬道，甬道两侧靠墙有护墙围台，甬道尽头是祖先祠堂，与大门遥遥相对，为庙堂式结构。北面三个大院，都是芜廊出檐大门，暗棂暗柱，三大开间，车轿出入绰绰有余，门外侧有栓马柱和上马石，从东往西数，依次为老院，西北院，书房院。布所有院落都是正偏结构，正院主人居住，偏院则是客房佣人住室及灶房。在建筑上偏院较为低矮，房顶结构也大不相同，正院都为瓦房出檐，偏院则为方砖铺顶的平房，既表现了伦理上的尊卑有序，又显示了建筑上层次感。大院有主楼四座，门楼，更楼，眺阁六座。各院房顶有走道相通，便于夜间巡更护院。 综观全院布局严谨，设计精巧，俯视成“喜喜”字形，建筑考究，砖瓦磨合，精工细做，斗拱飞檐，彩饰金装，砖石木雕，工艺精湛，充分显示了我国劳动人民高超的建筑工艺水平，被专家学者誉之为：“北方民居建筑史上一颗璀璨的明珠”，因此素有“皇家有故宫，民宅看乔家”之说，名扬三晋，誉满海内外。Shanxi, [1] on the abundant cultural relics are the masterpiece, underground energy. Now, with lots of traditional local-style dwelling houses building art of discovering and impressive. These delicate matchless and preserved in their houses, the true forever, expecting us to SanJin civilization and looking forward to our glorious history of qiaojiaba in reading. The wisdom of the Chinese national spirit and work, created the walls of lofty, stately palace, the beautiful landscape, also created a variety of home. These houses has its own unique living life. Famous architectural experts say "Beijing has forbidden activist, xian, there are thousands of homes QiXian terracotta army." China's historical and cultural cities - QiXian local-style dwelling houses, set the song, yuan, Ming and qing of the French, jiangnan hebei, one of the most famous is jstars courtyard. Qiao qiao located at shanxi QiXian cutting-instruments. For all the enclosed compound 10642 covering ancient castle, (16 acres) square meters and a building area of 4175 square meters, six yard, 20 small courtyard, 313 houses. Courtyard, and three facing street around dwellings. The outer wall is closed, the upper 10 m tall, the wall is a female, and GengLou crenel adorn meantime, taimu pavilion, magnificent, majesty tall. Gate toward the east, sit on the top, with a tall among the doorways and abutted city gate opposite is brick 100 longevity figure screens. Damon, is a stone in the vestibule of things to rely on a wall on both sides of the tunnel, there, at the end of the tunnel wall around the ancestral temple, and Damon's ancestral temple for opp-osite ends, structure. North three courtyards, are the eaves gallery overgrown, Ling dark columns, three width, sedan, door and the horse bolts are MaZhu and from east to west, number, for old courtyard, northwest institute, study. Cloth is all positive compound structure, courtyard host, partial courtyard is her maid, and ZaoFang rooms. In building in court, the roof structure is low very different also, courtyard is the brim, partial courtyard old shop for square of the houses, the ethical order, and cherish the building that feels. Four, the two are courtyard, GengLou, taimu ge six. The court is interlinked, convenient aisle roof night tour more used. Overview of students-oriented, layout design is exquisite, looking into "xi xi" glyph, building fastidious, tile, seiko is chiselled, he made the eaves, decorated gold, woodcarving, brick, fully displays the workmanship of our country labor's superb technique level, the building is the reputation for experts and scholars in northern dwellings architecture ", a bright pearl ", therefore, is known as "the royal palace residential qiao," said, see, and SanJin famous.

素描人体 Sketch human body 色彩人体 Color human body 线描人物 Line drawing character 工笔重彩 Exquisite brush serious wound 传统壁画临摹 Traditional mural copy 室外写生 design relief craft practice sculpture 构图与形式美学 sketch design clay sculpture photograph 壁画设计 design ceramics craft metal craft 浮雕工艺实践 woodcarving craft paint skill design 雕塑小品设计 the manufacture textile fiber art design 泥塑人像设计 陶瓷工艺 金属工艺 木雕工艺 漆艺设计与制作 纤维艺术设计 Clay sculpture photograph design ceramics craft metal craft woodcarving craft paint skill design and manufacture textile fiber art design

Pick to: China woodcarving has a long history, and the emergence, development and Oriental nation life geographical environment, the traditional culture, folk custom concept, living habits and so on, all have close ties. Woodcarving as an art form, is a valuable cultural heritage, its design idea, carving techniques of modern building is of great significance. With a long history, highly skilled various sculpture technology, the Chinese arts and crafts is a precious artistic heritage.Keywords: China; Woodcarving; techniques

The upper left side of the carved pieces of a carved egret, and lotus flower carved芦叶right, "a heron" and "all the way" euphony, "lotus" and "even" homonym, reed root, leaves, flowers, even with a line connected plants, and the implication for civil service exam, that is, scholar, tree, jinshi test row. Put this plan have "all the way Zlenko" meaning auspicious.The bottom of the carved pieces of carved plum and two magpies, magpie wings on the left side of the shoot-mei, the right hand prune on the stand, and two, as the relative Magpie, Magpie in the shoot-mei, meaning "喜上眉梢" By comparison, two cyana as meaning "Hsi", this plan has the meaning of these two auspicious.This blocked the main central figures carved NABI Kingdoms story, the theme of "金鸡岭resistance孔宣soldiers." The top of Rendezvous to be a long姜子牙characters, which left two persons, the right one for their bodyguards邓九公, Nangong appropriate, Bukit. Yu-riding unicorn holding below for双锤of Huang, Huang days of riding for the left孔宣, Huang-sheng of the right side of the back of a pair of wings are雷震子. Figure below持戟-handed, double pedal for Hot Wheels Rebels, Rebels riding the right side of the gun is a high-Mart following the can. Rendezvous around Couplets together the right book on the "cutting-Xing Zhou Zhou state", the left下联book "stage thanks to the people concerned." "NABI Kingdoms" back to the 69th "金鸡岭resistance孔宣soldiers," the story of the armed forces described by the殷纣Wang孔宣led to金鸡岭line with周武王led姜子牙army, the two sides started fighting , weeks of Huang Yin engagement will be high following the killing of the night, losing to Zhou Jun, Huang was high following the use of centipede bag out bee bee killed the centipede, and the Rebels are雷震子was孔宣所擒. This map is carved from the two armies are fighting jinji scenes, characters雕工fine, lifelike. NABI Kingdoms by the Rebels should be pointed a hand-held fire guns, a hand Qiankun circle, not持戟, its shape clearly has been to change the master.The second block透雕figuresThis blocked the central main sculpture "Romance of the Three Kingdoms," the story of characters, the theme of "Cao Cao Dongjak banquet Taiwan." Board up the house above the book "Dongjak Taiwan" in the words, there is couplet about Rendezvous, right on the joint book "赋诗lance-huai Wang Meng," the left下联book "make fun of the play周郎respect." Rendezvous long to be sitting under the figures for the Cao Cao, the bottom-right up the house, a non-commissioned officer holding flag, a flag letter "Cao," the word marked as Cao Cao's army. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" back to the 56th "Taiwan Caocao Dongjak banquet, Kongming three weeks公瑾gas" to describe the story of the Eastern Han Dynasty at the beginning of spring Jian'an fifteen years, Taiwan Dongjak caused Caocao文官武将the General Assembly, hosted a celebration, wearing Caocao Jinguan嵌宝, wearing a green and Luo Jin-gowns, with high and sit侍立civil and military officials in the audience. Cao Cao want to watch a competition, military attache of the bow and arrow, the military attache for two hours, the band雕弓长箭, cross-saddle before it is too late, Cao messenger: There can stack red arrow shot, and thanks锦袍, radio is not water but a glass of fine .曹休, the recruits, Cao Hong, Zhang Yi-he, and so on for all夏侯渊Depalletizing red arrow shot,徐晃are linked by arrows under the锦袍in wicker,许褚to capture Pegasus锦袍, they will be competing for Kam gowns too crushed, so Cao Cao诸将do all the power, all thanks to a piece Shu, thanks诸将Calvary. The number of people below the map on horseback, hung next to箭袋saddle, bow holders are诸将, map over the central arch pull arrows out of the young person wants, that is, the first boy shot in the Red曹休General, followed by three text employed people, Cao Hong, Zhang Yi-he, like the situation诸将eager, extremely lifelike sculpture.