二战前夕英语

翻译：我们距离20世纪初到二战前夕这一时期英国报纸上没有固定主题的评论甚至更远。当时，新闻用纸相当廉价，人们认为文体华丽的艺术评论是新闻报纸的装饰性点缀。分析：本句的难点在于找到句子的主干结构。该句的主干部分为主系表结构。且要找准修饰定语的非谓语哦~

不知满意与否

Newmark,Nathan Mortimore 纽马克，弥敦道莫蒂莫尔 Newmark’s principal engineering achievements were associated with development of procedures and criteria for design to resist dynamic loadings from earthquakes,wind,wave action,blast,and shock.He was concerned with the development of simplified methods of stress analysis,appropriate for engineering design use,and with concepts and procedures for rapid computation of stresses and deflections of complex structures under unusual loadings.纽马克的主要工程成就都与设计开发的程序和标准，以抵制，爆炸，地震动态荷载，风力，波浪作用，并shock.He是使用与设计有关的工程开发适当的简化方法，应力分析，与概念和程序快速计算的应力和挠度结构复杂荷载下不寻常。 Just before World War Ⅱ ,Newmark became associated with the work of Division 2 of the National Defense Research Committee and with the Committee on Passive Protection against Bombing of the National Research Council.In his early studies of the effects of bombs on structures,he applied basic procedures involving numerical methods of stress analysis and developed design techniques for resistance to bomb blasts and other types of impulsive load that have been in general use ever since.His work naturally extended to effects of nuclear bombs and to the development of procedures for effective protection against nuclear blasts and shock forces.In developing the principles governing structural design to resist high-intensity blast forces,he was associated with all the major nuclear weapons effects tests,and he was able to verify the bases of the procedures that he developed by experiments under actual conditions.At the same time,he became interested in the problem of developing design procedures to ensure earthquake resistance of structures and of dams.In 1949 he was engaged as a consultant on the design of the Latino Americana Tower in Mexico City.This structure successfully resisted several major earthquakes,demonstrating the validity of the principles used in its construction. 二战前夕Ⅱ，纽马克成为研究的结构与工作相关的防御的第2分部全国委员会和影响炸弹的轰炸被动防护委员会研究了其早期的Council.In国家研究，他运用抗性基本程序设计技术，涉及数值方法分析和发展的压力，以不断since.His炸弹爆炸和其他类型的脉冲负载使用已在一般工作自然延伸到核炸弹的影响，并发展有效的保护程序反对核爆炸和结构设计休克forces.In发展原则，以抵御高强度的爆炸力量，他与所有主要的核武器试验的影响，他能够通过实验验证了基地，他开发的程序根据实际conditions.At同时，他成为1949年在dams.In感兴趣的问题开发设计程序，以确保抗震结构和他City.This聘为墨西哥顾问就设计在拉丁美洲塔结构成功地抵御几大地震，体现了建筑在其使用的有效性的原则。 Newmark's engineering work involved many unusual problems,including ： (1)tests of structures to resist wave and wind action in Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela;(2)the design of flexible and rigid pavements for airfields;(3)the design of extensions of runways at LaGuardia Airport,New York,supported on the largest prestressed concrete structure in the world;(4)seismic design criteria for LeChateau Champlain,a 43-story hotel in Montreal;(5)seismic design criteria for the tunnels and other parts of the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit System,including the tunnel under Oakland Bay,the longest subaqueous tunnel in the world;(6)development of procedures for the seismic design of earth and rock-fill dams and the stability of natural slopes and embankments under earthquake excitation;(7)design criteria and extensive consultation on the seismic design and geotechnical design of the Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline System;(8)design criteria for the seismic resistance of several proposed gas pipelines in Canada;(9)design criteria for a major liquefied natural gas terminal facility on the West Coast of the United States;(10)design criteria for nuclear reactor facilities and review of applications for nuclear reactor licenses,for the USAtomic Energy Commission and its successor,the Nuclear Regulatory Commission;(11)consultation for a number of industrial organizations on seismic,structural,and geodynamic problems,including the Bechtel Corporation,the firm of Parsons,Brinckerhoff,Quade and Douglas,and other major firms in the United States;and(12)consultation on development of seismic design criteria for nuclear reactor projects in Iran,Israel,Italy,and France. 纽马克的工程工作涉及许多不同寻常的，包括问题：（1）结构试验的抵制浪潮以及委内瑞拉风行动马拉开波湖（2）机场的设计和刚性路面为柔性;（3）机场跑道设计的扩展在拉瓜迪亚机场，纽约，支持世界上最大的预应力混凝土结构;（4）酒店在蒙特利尔的抗震设计标准LeChateau一个43层尚普兰;（5）部分的抗震设计标准及其他隧道旧金山湾区捷运系统，其中包括世界奥克兰湾隧道下，在最长水下隧道;（6）根据地震发展的程序和堤防抗震设计的泥土和岩石斜坡和坝的稳定自然填激发;（7）设计的标准和广泛的协商管道系统的抗震设计和阿拉斯加石油岩土工程设计的跨;（8）在加拿大天然气管道的设计标准的几项建议抗震性能;（9）为设计标准大型液化天然气终端设施，美国的西海岸的;（10）反应堆的设计标准牌照核反应堆的核设施的申请和审查，为USAtomic能源委员会及其继任者，核管理委员会（11）咨询的一些国家的工业组织对地震，结构和动力学问题，包括Bechtel公司，该公司的帕森斯，诚，奎德道格拉斯，在美国和其他主要公司;及（12）地震协商发展和法国设计，意大利，标准为核反应堆项目在伊朗，以色列。 The wide range of Newmark's interest is indicated by the fact that he was selected to give the Rankine lecture under the auspices of the Institution of Civil Engineers of Great Britain in London in 1965 and the Terzaghi Lecture under the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1978.Both lectures were in the general field of soil mechanics and foundation engineering. 在利益的广泛的纽马克是表示由1978年的事实，他被选为朗肯伦敦讲座主持下在英国学会大土木工程师根据给1965年的社会公民和美国太沙基讲座下工程师研究。两个讲座和基础工程方面的一般领域的土壤力学。 Newmark received his BS(1930)at Rutrers University and his MS(1932)and Ph.D.(1934)in engineering at the University of Illinois.He remained at Illinois,serving as chairperson of civil engineering from 1956 to 1973.He became professor of civil engineering and professor in the Center for Advanced Study at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1973,and professor emeritus in 1976.His work was recognized by numerous honors,including five honorary degrees,the award of the 1968 National Medal of Science by President LBJohnson in 1969,the John Fritz Metal of the five major engineering societies in 1979,the Washington award in 1969,and the Gold Medal of the Institution of Structural Engineers of Great Britain,to be awarded in 1980.A founding member of the National Academy of Engineering,Newmark became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1966. 纽马克获得学士（1930年）在Rutrers大学硕士学位（1932年）和博士学位（1934工程）在Illinois.He保持在伊利诺伊大学，现任土木工程从1956年到1973.He成为为主席教授，土木工程和高级研究中心教授为在伊利诺伊大学香槟分校于1973年，在1976.His名誉教授的工作是认可的众多荣誉，其中包括5名荣誉学位，勋章授予1968年全国科学的LBJohnson总统于1969年，约翰金属弗里茨社会的五大工程在1979年，在1969年华盛顿奖和大不列颠金牌的结构工程师学会，被授予在1980.A创始成员在美国国家工程院，纽马克1966年成为成员书院的全国科学。 Author of more than 230 papers,articles,and monographs in his field,Newmark coauthored two books on earthquake engineering,Design of Multi-Story Reinforced Concrete Buildings for Earthquake Motions,with JABlume and Leo Corning(1961),and Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering,with Emilio Rosenblueth(1971). 作者超过230论文，文章，在他的专着和实地，纽马克合着1961年）两书对地震工程，设计多层钢筋混凝土建筑物（地震作用，与JABlume和Leo康宁，地震和工程基础，与埃米利奥罗森布鲁斯（1971年）。

杜绝机译，请放心。Nathan M. NewmakNewmark’s principal engineering achievements were associated with development of procedures and criteria for design to resist dynamic loadings from earthquakes,wind,wave action,blast,and shock.He was concerned with the development of simplified methods of stress analysis,appropriate for engineering design use,and with concepts and procedures for rapid computation of stresses and deflections of complex structures under unusual loadings.Newmark的主要工程成就与程序和准则的开发有关，这些程序和准则可用来设计耐受源自地震、大风、波浪作用、爆炸、震动的动态负载。他参与了适合于工程设计应用的简化的应力分析方法的开发，以及涉及了快速计算复合结构在异常负载下应力和偏转的概念和程序。Just before World War Ⅱ,Newmark became associated with the work of Division 2 of the National Defense Research Committee and with the Committee on Passive Protection against Bombing of the National Research Council.In his early studies of the effects of bombs on structures, he applied basic procedures involving numerical methods of stress analysis and developed design techniques for resistance to bomb blasts and other types of impulsive load that have been in general use ever since. 第二次世界大战前夕，Newwark与国防研究委员会二处的工作，以及与针对国家研究理事会的轰炸的被动防护发生了关系。在他对于炸弹对结构的影响的早期研究中，他采用了涉及应力分析数值方法的基本程序，并开发了用于耐受炸弹爆炸和其他类型冲击负载的设计技术，这些技术自那以后一直在广泛应用着。His work naturally extended to effects of nuclear bombs and to the development of procedures for effective protection against nuclear blasts and shock forces.In developing the principles governing structural design to resist high-intensity blast forces,he was associated with all the major nuclear weapons effects tests,and he was able to verify the bases of the procedures that he developed by experiments under actual conditions.At the same time,he became interested in the problem of developing design procedures to ensure earthquake resistance of structures and of dams.In 1949 he was engaged as a consultant on the design of the Latino Americana Tower in Mexico City.This structure successfully resisted several major earthquakes,demonstrating the validity of the principles used in its construction. 他的研究工作自然而然扩展到了核弹的效应，以及对核爆炸及冲击力有效保护程序的开发上。在开发支配结构设计而耐受高强度爆炸力的原理中，他参与了所有主要的核武器效应试验，而且他能验证他通过实际条件下进行的实验所开发的程序的基础。同时，他对开发设计程序来确保结构和大坝的抗地震能力的问题也产生了兴趣。在1949年，他作为一名顾问参加了墨西哥城拉丁美洲塔的设计。这一建筑结构成功耐受了好几次大地震，表明了其建造中所采用的原理的有效性。Newmark’s engineering work involved many unusual problems,including：(1)tests of structures to resist wave and wind action in Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela;(2)the design of flexible and rigid pavements for airfields;(3)the design of extensions of runways at LaGuardia Airport,New York,supported on the largest prestressed concrete structure in the world;(4)seismic design criteria for LeChateau Champlain,a 43-story hotel in Montreal; Newmark的工程研究涉及到很多异常的问题，包括：（1）结构耐受委内瑞拉Maracaibo湖波浪和风力作用的试验；（2）飞机场柔性和刚性路面的设计；（3）纽约LaGuardia机场跑道延伸段的设计，其支持在世界上最大的预应力混凝土结构上；（4）蒙特利尔43层宾馆LeChateau的地震设计准则；(5)seismic design criteria for the tunnels and other parts of the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit System,including the tunnel under Oakland Bay,the longest subaqueous tunnel in the world;(6)development of procedures for the seismic design of earth and rock-fill dams and the stability of natural slopes and embankments under earthquake excitation;(7)design criteria and extensive consultation on the seismic design and geotechnical design of the Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline System;(8)design criteria for the seismic resistance of several proposed gas pipelines in Canada; （5）旧金山湾地区快速交通系统隧道和其他部分的地震设计准则，包括奥克兰湾下面的隧道，该隧道是世界上最长的水下隧道；（6）土坝和堆石坝地震设计程序的开发，以及在地震激发下天然坡度和堤坝稳定性的研究；（7）关于跨阿拉斯加输油管线系统地震设计和土工设计的设计准则和广泛咨询；（8）加拿大几条输气管线耐地震设计准则；(9)design criteria for a major liquefied natural gas terminal facility on the West Coast of the United States;(10)design criteria for nuclear reactor facilities and review of applications for nuclear reactor licenses,for the U.S.Atomic Energy Commission and its successor,the Nuclear Regulatory Commission;(11)consultation for a number of industrial organizations on seismic,structural,and geodynamic problems,including the Bechtel Corporation,the firm of Parsons,Brinckerhoff,Quade and Douglas,and other major firms in the United States;and(12)consultation on development of seismic design criteria for nuclear reactor projects in Iran,Israel,Italy,and France.（9）美国西海岸主要液化天然气终端设施的设计准则；（10）核反应堆设施的设计准则和美国原子能委员会及其接替者核管理委员会对申请核反应堆许可证的审核；（11）关于若干工业单位对地震、结构和地球动力学问题的咨询，这些单位包括Bechtel公司，即Parsons、Brinckerhoff、Quade 和 Douglas的公司，以及美国的其他大公司。（12）关于开发针对伊朗、以色列和法国反应堆项目的地震设计准则的咨询。The wide range of Newmark’s interest is indicated by the fact that he was selected to give the Rankine lecture under the auspices of the Institution of Civil Engineers of Great Britain in London in 1965 and the Terzaghi Lecture under the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1978.Both lectures were in the general field of soil mechanics and foundation engineering.Newmark范围广泛的兴趣可以由以下的事实来证明，那就是他于1965年在伦敦大不列颠土木工程师学会的赞助下被选来做朗肯（Rankine）讲座，以及在1978年在美国土木工程师协会做太沙基（Terzaghi）讲座。这两个讲座都是有关土壤力学和基础工程的综合领域。Newmark received his B.S.(1930)at Rutrers University and his M.S.(1932)and Ph.D.(1934)in engineering at the University of Illinois.He remained at Illinois,serving as chairperson of civil engineering from 1956 to 1973.He became professor of civil engineering and professor in the Center for Advanced Study at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1973,and professor emeritus in 1976.His work was recognized by numerous honors,including five honorary degrees,the award of the 1968 National Medal of Science by President L.B.Johnson in 1969,the John Fritz Metal of the five major engineering societies in 1979,the Washington award in 1969,and the Gold Medal of the Institution of Structural Engineers of Great Britain,to be awarded in 1980.A founding member of the National Academy of Engineering,Newmark became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1966.Newmark在Rutrers大学获得了学士学位（1930年），在伊利诺斯大学获得了他的工程学硕士（1932年）和博士（1934年）学位。他留在了伊利诺斯，从1956到1973担任了土木工程的主任。于1973年成为土木工程教授和伊利诺斯大学厄巴那－香槟分校的高级研究中心教授，1976年成为退休名誉教授。他的研究工作受到了好多荣誉的认可，包括五个荣誉学位，1969年由主席L.B.Johnson授予1968年度国家科学奖章，1979年获得五个主要工程协会的约翰•弗里茨奖章，1969年的华盛顿奖，以及在1980年被授予大不列颠结构工程师学会金牌。作为国家工程科学院的创建成员，Newmark1966年成为了美国国家科学院的成员。Author of more than 230 papers,articles,and monographs in his field,Newmark coauthored two books on earthquake engineering,Design of Multi-Story Reinforced Concrete Buildings for Earthquake Motions,with J.A.Blume and Leo Corning(1961),and Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering,with Emilio Rosenblueth(1971).在他的领域中他是超过230篇文章、论文和专著的作者，Newmark还和人一起撰写了两本有关地震工程的书。一本是《针对地震运动多层钢筋混凝土大楼的设计》，和J.A.Blume 及 Leo Corning合写(1961)；一本是《地震工程基础》，和Emilio Rosenblueth合写(1971)。

我们离得更远的是百花齐放的报纸评论发表在英国之间交替的第二十世纪,2次世界大战前夕,当时新闻印刷品价格低廉和时尚的艺术批评,被认为是一个装饰的出版物中,它出现了.① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviewspublished in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling , and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤'So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enoughto keep their own end up in journalism,' Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are".' 【考点分析】①否定常考（unfocused）出22题。承接上文，上文讲我们的评论数量减少，这里继续讲我们甚至离20世纪初到二战期间的报纸评论也相差很远。Even fartherremoved from 表明作者的惋惜之情。② in detail and at length“详细的”③ serious“严肃的”④calling“对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感” proud“骄傲” 上面的这些词都表明二战前的报纸评论的风格。⑤否定常考，出23题。“因此，几乎没有人有足够的智慧或文学天赋在新闻事业上成就自己，我更喜欢吧新闻事业定义为“被假作家耻辱地使用了的术语，对真作家来说，他们不足挂齿”。”其实本句话中Newman wrote，后面的根本不需要看懂。 【满意求采纳】